Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82071-4 - Mabberley's Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses: Third Edition David J. Mabberley Excerpt More information A Aa Reichb.f. (∼ Altensteinia). Orchidaceae (III 3). 25 Andes. See also Myrosmodes Aaron’s rod Verbascum thapsus Aaronsohnia Warb. & Eig. Compositae (Anth.-Mat.). 2 N Afr. R: BBMNHB 23(1993)156 abac´a Musa textilis abarco (wood) Cariniana spp. esp. C. pyriformis Abarema Pittier (∼ Pithecellobium). Leguminosae (II 4). Incl. Klugiodendron 46 trop. Am. R: MNYBG 74,11(1996)41. Fls with 1 or 2 ovaries in same infl. Abasaloa Llave & Lex. = ? Eclipta Abassian boxwood Buxus sempervirens Abatia Ru´ız & Pav´on. Salicaceae (Flacourtiaceae). 9 trop. Am. mts; in Andes above tim- ber line. R: FN 22(1980) 48. Lvs opp. A. rugosa Ru´ız & Pav´on (Peru) – lvs source of black dye Abaxianthus M.A. Clem. & D.L. Jones = Dendrobium Abbo rubber Ficus lutea Abdominea J.J. Sm. Orchidaceae (V 16). 1 Thailand,W&CMal.: A. minimiflora (Hook.f.) J.J. Sm. – tiny epiphyte. R: OB 95(1988)51 Abdulmajidia Whitm. Lecythidaceae (I). 2 Malay Pen. R: KB 29(1974)207. Occ. opp. lvs ab´e Canarium schweinfurthii Abebaia Baehni = Manilkara abel Canarium schweinfurthii abele Populus alba Abelia R. Br. Caprifoliaceae (Linnaeaceae). 30 Himal. to E As., Mex. R: A. Rehder, Plan- tae Wilsonianae 1(1911)122. Domatia. Cult. orn. esp. A. ×grandiflora (Andr´e) Rehder– variable K (A. chinensis R. Br. (K5) ×A. uniflora R. Br. (K usu. 2), both China) Abeliophyllum Nakai. Oleaceae (2). 1 Korea: A. distichum Nakai – like Forsythia but het- erostylous fls white, fr. winged like Fontanesia, 1 of v. few Korean endemic genera (cf. Hanabusaya, Megaleranthis, Pentactina), cult. orn., fewer than 20 left in wild. R: BM n.s. 15(1998)144. Abelmoschus Medik. = Hibiscus abem Berlinia spp. Aberemoa Aubl. = Guatteria Abies Mill. Pinaceae. 46 N temp. (Eur. 5) to Vietnam, C Am. R: NRBGE 46(1989)59, RV 21(1990)9. Firs. Massart’s Model. Lvs borne on branches without short shoots, those on laterals twist into horiz. plane. Cones mature in 1 yr. Many valuable timbers & resins. A. alba Mill. (silver f., whitewood, S. Eur. mts) – tallest Eur. tree (to 350 yrs old) form. much grown for constr. work & telegraph poles, favoured by Greeks & Romans for building fast warships, esp. for oars of triremes (loses lower branches early), but since 1900 much attacked by aphids & now replaced by A. grandis, source of Alsatian or Strasburg turpentine (Vosges), oil used in bath preps & med. esp. resp. when inhaled, the principal Christmas tree of the Cont.; A. amabilis (Loud.) Forbes (NW N Am.) – to 72 m tall, bole to 2.37 m diam., lives to 750 yrs, local medic.; A. balsamea (L.) Mill. (balsam f., N Am.) – pulp contains juvabione, homologue of insect juvenile hormone, & used in Am. (not Brit.) paper prods, also source of Canada balsam used in microscop. preps, local medic. & C. pitch; A. bracteata D. Don (A. venusta, bristlecone f., St Lucia f., Calif.) – cones with long needle-like bracts; A. cephalonica Loud. (Gk. f., Greece) used for ships in Anc. Greece; A. cilicica Antoine & Kotschy (Syria, As. Minor) – resin used by Anc. Egyptians in mummification, timber for ship masts; A. firma Sieb. & Zucc. (Jap. f.); A. fraseri (Pursh) 1 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82071-4 - Mabberley's Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses: Third Edition David J. Mabberley Excerpt More information Abietaceae acacia Poir. (Fraser f., she balsam, Alleghanies); A. grandis (D. Don) Lindl. (white or giant f., NW Am.), to 81 m tall, bole to 2.02 m diam., lives at least 500 yrs, introd. GB 1834 & > 62 m tall by 1989; A. lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. (alpine f., W US); A. magnifica A. Murr. (red f., NW Am.); A. nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei (A. alba subsp. n.) reduced to 20 trees in N Sicily but being replanted there; A. nordmanniana (Steven) Spach (Cauc. f., Nordmann Christmas tree, E Medit.) – needles held longer than those of Picea abies; A. pindrow (D. Don) Royle (Himal. f.); A. procera Rehder (A. nobilis, noble f., NW Am.) – to 90 m tall, bole to 2.75 m diam., lives at least 500 yrs, wood oft. sold as ‘larch’; A. sachalinensis (Schmidt) Masters (N Jap.) – needles mixed with those of Picea jezoensis to yield Jap. pine-needle oil Abietaceae Gray = Pinaceae Abildgaardia Vahl (∼ Fimbristylis). Cyperaceae (II 4). 15 trop. & warm (N Am. 1), esp. Aus. abir scented powder used in Hindu cerem., largely ground rhiz. Hedychium spicatum abiu Pouteria cainito & other P. spp. Abobra Naud. Cucurbitaceae. 1 temp. S Am.: A. tenuifolia (Gillies) Cogn. – cult. orn. dioec. cli. Abolboda Humb. Xyridaceae (Abolbodaceae). 20 trop. S Am., marshy savanna. R: AMBG 79(1992)820 Abolbodaceae Nakai = Xyridaceae Aboriella Bennet (Smithiella). Urticaceae. 1 E Himal. (Abor Hills): A. myriantha (Dunn) Bennet Abortopetalum Degener = Abutilon aboudikro Entandrophragma cylindricum Abrahamia Randrianasolo (∼ Protorhus). Anacardiaceae (IV). 19 Madag. Large fr. & seeds Abrodictyum C. Presl (∼ Cephalomanes). Hymenophyllaceae. 25 trop. Pacific Abroma Jacq. (Ambroma). Malvaceae (Bytt.-Bytt.; Sterculiaceae). 1 trop. As. to Aus.: A. augustum (L.) L.f. (devil’s cotton, Mal.) – Petit’s Model, bark a source of jute-like fibre Abromeitia Mez = Fittingia Abromeitiella Mez = Deuterocohnia Abronia Juss. Nyctaginaceae (IV). (Incl. Tripterocalyx) 24 SW US to N Mex. Ground r. of some spp. form. eaten by Native Americans. Cult. orn. Abrophyllum Hook.f. Rousseaceae (Carpodetaceae; Grossulariaceae s.l.). 1–2 E Aus. R: AusSB 10(1997)861 Abrotanella Cass. Compositae (Sen.-?). 18 NG, Aus., NZ, temp. S Am. R: PSE 197(1995)155. Oft. cushion-forming alpines Abrus Adans. Leguminosae (III 17). 17 pantrop. (? introd. Am.). A. precatorius L. (coral pea, crab’s eyes, Ind. liquorice, jequerity seeds, lucky or Paternoster beans, rosary pea, weedy in SE US) cont. alks, used as basis of contraceptive & abortifacient in Ind.; r. yields a poor quality liquorice subs.; seeds used as beads & weights (rati, Ind. cf. Adenanthera) but v. poisonous esp. in contact with wounds or eyes due to abrin, a toxic glycopro- tein, inhibiting protein synthesis (esp. in cancer cells) through inactivation of ribosomes, ◦ 0.5 g fatal in humans but detoxified above 65 C absinthe Artemisia absinthium Absolmsia Kuntze = Hoya abura Mitragyna stipulosa Abuta Aubl. Menispermaceae (II). 32 trop. S Am. R: MNYBG 22,2(1971)30. Some ed. fr., med. (dangerous, some with ecdysteroids), arrow poisons. A. imene (Mart.) Eichler bark used in kind of curare (Colombia); A. rufescens Aubl. (white Pareira r., Guianas) – med. (urinogenital tract) Abutilon Mill. Malvaceae (Malv.-Malv.). 160 trop. & warm (48 Aus, 1 Eur – A. theophrasti Medik., imp. fibre pl. in China (chingma, Am. or Chinese jute or hemp, Ind. mallow, Manchurian jute, velvetleaf) but major agric. weed in Am. introd. from China pre-1750 & causing losses of >$343 m per annum by 1980s). No epicalyx, some bird-poll. Fls of A. esculentum A. St-Hil. (Braz.) ed. Many cult. orn. esp. A. hybridum Voss (cultigen), others medic. (e.g. A. indicum (L.) Sweet (trop. OW) ) & fibre pls. Abutilothamnus Ulbr. = Bastardiopsis Abyssinian myrrh Commiphora madagascariensis Acacallis Lindl. = Aganisia Acachmena H.P. Fuchs = Erysimum acacia Acacia spp., (Aus.) Albizia spp., weedy Senna spp.; cedar a. Falcataria toona; false a. Robinia pseudoacacia; rose a. R. hispida; sweet a. Vachellia farnesiana 2 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82071-4 - Mabberley's Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses: Third Edition David J. Mabberley Excerpt More information Acacia Acacia Acacia Mill. Leguminosae (II 3). S. s. (Racosperma, A. ‘subg. Phyllodineae (Heterophyllum)’) c. 1075: Madag. 1–2, As. 10, Pacific 1055 [Aus. c. 1000 – wattles, yellow & green national sporting colours]). R: Austrobaileya 6(2003)447 – lvs bipinnate or phyllodic, without prickles, s.t. with stip. spines; s.l. (New, T.R. (1984) Biology of acacias; Mem. Bot. Survey S Afr. 44(1979)1 (Afr. spp.); Simmons, M.H. (1981) Acacias of Aus.) c. 1450+ trop. & warm esp. Aus. (c. 1005 – R: FA 11A, 11B (2000)) form. divided into 3 subg. based on morph., seed chem., gums & chromosomes, though actually not closely allied, so distinct genera (q.v.) now recog.: Vachellia (‘subg. Acacia’) – lvs bipinnate, spines stip., s.t. swollen & inhabited by ants (c. 160: Afr. 73, As. 36, Aus. 7, Am. 60), Senegalia (most of ‘subg. Aculiferum’; see also Acaciella; a few spp. to go to a new genus) – lvs bipinnate, unarmed or with prickles (c. 230: Afr. 69, As. 43, Aus. 2, Am. c. 117) & Acacia s.s. Phyllodic spp. with bipinnate lvs when seedlings (persisting from time to time in adult e.g. A. melanoxylon); phyllode develops through intercalary growth in midrib region, s.t. decurrent on stem as in A. alata R. Br. (W Aus.); phyllotaxis of phyllodes decussate, spiral, fasciculate or whorled as in A. ver- ticillata (L’H´erit.) Willd. (SE Aus.) or ‘chaotic’ as in A. conferta A. Cunn. ex Benth. (NE Aus.). White powdery gum from phyllodes eaten by Aus. Aborigines. Many imp. prods – timber, fuel, forage, tanbark (some tannins molluscicidal, dyestuffs, gums, & cult. orn. though some pestilential weeds, esp. Aus. spp. in SW Cape (S Afr.) where poll. occurs & there are no seed-pests, but also some E Aus. spp. weedy in SW Aus. A. acuminata Benth. (raspberry jam (tree), SW Aus.) – fragrant durable timber; A. ampliceps Maslin (salt wattle, W Aus.) – reclamation of salted soils; A. aneura F. Muell. ex Benth. (mulga, Aus.) – apomictic, dark heartwood (boomerangs etc.) & seeds (ground & eaten) used by Aborigines; A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. (auri, trop.