ABC495A 9= B85 ;965# A38>;2@A89?# 2=4 54C32B9>=2; 23895D5<5=B >6 7C2@9=> 42 D5@>=2 !(*.+$(+-'" !D>;% 99" 9EQ BLRPURQ 2 BLIUMU AWFPMVVIH JRT VLI 4IKTII RJ ?L4 EV VLI CQMXITUMV[ RJ AV% 2QHTIYU (/-/ 6WOO PIVEHEVE JRT VLMU MVIP MU EXEMOEFOI MQ @IUIETGL1AV2QHTIYU06WOOBIZV EV0 LVVS0&&TIUIETGL$TISRUMVRT[%UV$EQHTIYU%EG%WN& ?OIEUI WUI VLMU MHIQVMJMIT VR GMVI RT OMQN VR VLMU MVIP0 LVVS0&&LHO%LEQHOI%QIV&('')*&)/-, BLMU MVIP MU STRVIGVIH F[ RTMKMQEO GRS[TMKLV STUDIES IN THE LIFE, SCHOLARSHIP, AND EDUCATIONALACUIEVE IT OF GUARINO DA VERONA (i374-146o) by y, . Ian Thomson ,. -r Submitted June 1968 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of St. Andrwe V týý.: ý ti, ý ýcýýýý S ', iý üý, 1 301 TRAI. SIiISSI0IN, AID TEXT OF Tf1E LLTTERS OF GUARINO Many hunani. atn collected and edited their own letters$ Guarino, however, did not, possibly because the leisure necessary for making copies of everything he wrote, or the affluence which would have enabled him to employ an amanuensis to do so, was for most of his life denied to him" Only in the, case of letters 7,25,27,47,51+, 861,862,864, and 892, which formed part of the collection known as Chrysolorina, is he known to have nmaoced any, The vast majority have. therefore been transmitted either fortuitously or through recipients who preserved then. As an example of how this happened, there coons to have been a collection of Guarino's letters made by his pupil, Loonello d'Este, for in an entry dated 22nd starch 1437 in Archivio di Stato di Modena Ie3. ntrun rnandati 11+36-, 38 f, 3.26 the t4arquis Ni`ccolö authorized a pay ont of one lira narchecana und fifteen to bind the letters Guarino Niccolö'o , soldi of at expense for Leonallo" In some inotanccs, recipients would be ffiotivatod by an affectionate urge to keep something$ however alight, written by a friend; in others, the motivation would be a desire to prove that one had. corresponded with a great man, But in most caves, Guarino's letters were treasured as modeln of stylistic excellences In an age when scholars were striving in increasing numbers to imitate and even surpass the Latin of the ancients* the effusions of like Guarino _a grand naater were naturally examinedi admired, and 302- in turn used as mines to quarry for pungent vocabulary and elegant fact that turns of phrase. Their particular value lay in the heavily Guarino was conspicuously successful in writing a Latin ideas his time. classical in flavour but expressive of the common of Content and sincerity wore lose highly prized than form and styles 'so that many letters of an unimportant character have survived along with major and more informative pieces. It is a remarkable tribute to Guarino's fame, to the affection and respect he so widely inspired$ and to the vigour of bis pen, that 773 of his letters have survived through virtually no effort of his own* Of these, 762 were published by Remigio Sabbadini in his 3 volume Epistolario di Guarino Veronese (Venice* 1915-1919)4 since when others have come to light. These will be discussed in due course. Sabbadini began his collation of HS36 containing Guariniana in 1882 and subsequently dealt with 548 MSS, dispersed throughout Italy, Frances ßpain$ England, Delgium, Denmark, Germany, Poland* Austria# Switwerland4 and Xugoolaviae In Vol* IIIj p* xxi he atateds "I am certain that none of the libraries in Europe has escaped my notice#" The, list of ASSi he used in printed in Vol* It p" xv-xix, and the various groups of letters, with, c,ommento on their provenience, in vol, jII* pf vii-xxi, Although the utmost credit must be his , for. completing this monumental task1 he was able to draw upon, the work of earlier. echolarss a brief account of whose activities follows. Interest in Guarino began in the eighteenth century+, The first to express,. a desire to publish letters of Guarino was Scipione ilaffoi 303 in his Verona Illustrata (Verona, 1732) p« 67f., but the edition never appeared. The same in true of A. Zeno in Diesertanioni Vos (Venico, 1752) I" p. 222, where he also said: "One could compile a vast volume of his (Guari. no0c) letters,,. Maffei notes many of them, I touch on ceveral,., in the Vatican, Florentine! £atenso, Ambrosian1 and Veronese libraries; and perhaps there are come here (Venice)"1' Similarly, L, Rebus in Leonardi Bruni Arretini epistolar: u. n libri VIII (Florence, 1741) I, poLXVI promised to publish a group of Guarino's letters addressed to Biagio Guasconi "with many others of the sane Guarino*" but failed to do cot J. Morelli in Codex Marcianue 1i tinus Again, we gather from a note of . XIV 21 f"24 that Girolamo Montanara promiced to publtyh the letters of Guarino at Modena in 1768. The came unfulfilled promise was made in the latter half of the nineteenth century by the aged scholar Cenare Cavottoni# according to G. D. Giuliari in Propugnntore (1474) Pt, II p, 265" Ferrante I3oreetti+ author of the 2 volume Historic alai. Ferrarine Gsnnnasii (Ferrara, 1735)+, compiled a Great deal of, biblioSraphical and biographical raterial in a, HS entitled- "Memoris per norvire ally istoria dells vita di Guarino Voroneca, " of which there are two. copioo in the Public Library at Ferraras one of then Codex 186). twith, correotiono in Eoreetti'E handwriting and dated 1775. Cardinal A"M" quirini mentions Sono Guariniona in his Dia, t,, _triba praoliiinario (Breocia, 17k1) to the opictolary of Francesco Barbaro (which came out-in 1743), but only insofar as thoy throw lieht on 3o1 Barbara. He cites letters of Guarino from a MS, given to him by Father tucellif and otbora from an unspecified sources I am told by Monsignor Giuseppe Turini, librarian of the Chapter Library at V©ronal that ){usollt'c MS, is there$ classified as CCXCVI (369) Hiscellaneai Guarino's letters occupy ft. 32re*54r, Gioacchino Gabardi di Carpi loft "manuscripts bearing on the life of+"" Guarino1" improving (accordingtto Tipaldo4 Bioprafia di italiani illuetri del necolo-XVIII Vole VII* p. 407-09) on the work on Zeno$ Maffei4 Fabricio, and Hanoi* No ones however* seems to have used these MSS; and I have been unable to trace their present locations PSI. Affö, to assist his researches for his Scrittoriyparnininni (Parma$ 1789) had a copy mmdo'of Codex 57 Of the Ectence Library at 1"41odena(n4 cit,, Its p4 139). This codex is now 11o4 1200 in the Palatine Library at Parma and is entitled Epistulaoi The lettors are all by Guarino and incorporated by Gabbadini in his editions G, Antonelli's Indice dei nanoseritti della civicn Dibliotoca di Ferrara (Ferrara, 1884), and his earlier special compilation of the Ferrarese MSS* containLng Guariniana in Polirrafo (Verona, 1837) proved invaluablo to Sabbadini* Sabbadini A, B, Giuliari also collected much m?tgrýjx1, ' which. acknowledged (G. Epistolario III% p. III) as the starting point of his own researches. :;. Finally,, the German A. Wilmanus be honourably . scholar should mentioned for calling dabbadinive attention to, various letters of Guarino, previously unknown, from his own collection, 305 The first ccbolar actually to publish letters of Guarino (Augsburg, was-B. Paz in Then&urus anecdotun novigainuc 1729) VZ, Pt. III, p. 154 ff, where the grvup addressed to Loonello d'Eate is printed. Paz was followed by Giorgi, who published four of Guarino's letters from the Chr ysoiorin in Riccolta di opuscoli di Cnlolera (Venice, 1741) XXV. The famous Mincellanea Tioli compiled in the eiGhteenth century by the Vatican librarian, Tioli, and his assistant Verani, and now in the University Library at Bologna, contains a vast amount of humanistic material, including letters of Guarino, from which Verani gave copious extracts in Giornnle dei letterati d' Italia (Modena, 1780) XX, p. 235-305. J. B. I jttarelli in Bibliothect codicum uscrintorun S. tIichaelis Vea:etiarum p opo t"turAnum (Venice! ' 1779) noted several letters of Guarino and Cave extracts from codicon Oontaining Cuariniana. Finally, Carlo focmimi in his 3 volume work La vita e disciplina di Guarino Voroneso e de' suoi dincepoli (Broscia, 1805-06) gave extracts from varioue letters of Guarino, but brought forth no material previously unknown. Such, ic the general backkround to tabbadini'c collation. The only major source, of flSSe to which he was unable to find aoccsav,: was the great Philipps of Cheltenham collections which in his time was in course of being cold off. In'G. Epistolario III, p. XXI he cug ested that pore'Guariniana, might issue any day fron "pecuniosa America" to which host of the lote went. Southeby's, who handled 3o6 the sales, have no record of the variaue purchases, since their records were destroyed by fire. I have attempted to trace new Cuariniana in Phillips of Cheltenham M55* in America, but without cucces8s Some desiderata obould, however, be mentioned. Maffei in Verona I1lußtrata (Milan, 1825) 111, p. 158 Mentions a Codex Ilevilacqua 5 containing 22 letters of Guarino, then in Verona, among them a letter to the people of Vicenza* 'bis can be securely identified as Letter 3+2, Maffei says the others were to Francocco Zandrata, 7133artoloneo Bronzon, and Vitaliano Fache and that the ilS* also contained the replies of these men. Since Francesco Zondrata does not figure as a known correspondent of-Guarino, the letters to him would constitute a new groups (Venice, 1755) Inn r et. oriewýwwý"r+rwwr. per serviceý. r all' ýwýr ietoriarrý letteraria V. Pt, II, pp. 9-12! 29,31,32,36,43-44 there is mention of a manuscript, the property of Count Onigo of Treviso, containing 22 letters of Vergeriot letters of Giovanni da Spilimbergoy Leonardo Bruni, and one from Giovanni di Conversino da Ravenna-to Cardinal Zabarellaf orations of Zabarella and orations and 32 letters of Guarino.