New York State Education Department Jt:LT 1905 New Yark State 1useum JOHN M. CLARKE Director CH.\RLES H. PECK State Botanist Bulletin 94 BOTANY 8 REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 PAC. PAC. Introduction 5 Edible fungi.........•...•••••.•44 Plants added to the herbarium 9 Explan:uion of plates 50 Contributors and contributions I2 Pl:l.tcs P, Q. R. 5;'93 .follow S3 Species nOl before reported 19 radex. 55 Remarks and observations 33 ALBA. Y XBW YORK STATB EOUC.\TIOS DEP.... RTl.IEXT '905 Price 40 cenIs Appendix 6 Botany 8 Museum Imlletin 94 8 Report of the State Botanist '9°4 NtrdJ York State Education Department Science Division, Jan. 16, 1905 Han. Andrew S, Draper Commissioner of Education: My DEAR SIR; I have the honor of submitting to you the fol­ lowing report of work done in the botanical department of the State Museum for the year '904, Very respectfully yours JOHN M. CLARKE Director State of NtrdJ York Education Department COMMISSIONER'S ROOM Approved for f>I<~licotiolJ Jan, 16, 1905 New York State Education Department Nevv York State Museum JOHN M. CLARKE Director CHARLES H. PECK S'tate Botanist Bulletin 94 BOTANY 8 REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST 1904 Specimens of plants for the state herbarium have been collected in the counties of Albany, Columbia, Essex, Fulton, Genesee, Hamilton, Lewis, Livingston, Madison, Monroe, Otsego, Rensselaer, .Saratoga, Schenectady, Suffolk, Tompkins, Warren and Wyoming. Specimens have been contributed that were collected in the ·counties of Albany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Dutchess, Essex, 'Greene, Hamilton, Herkimer, Monroe, Oneida, Onondaga, Ontario, -Orleans, Richmond, Saratoga, Suffolk, Tioga, Tompkins and Washington. The number of species of which specimens have been added to the herbarium is 321. Of these, 72 were not previously represented in it and the remaining 249 are now better or more completely represented. Of the 72 species, 9 are considered new or previously undescribed species. These are all fungi. Descriptions of them will be given in the following pages. The names of the species of which specimens have been added to the herbarium are given -under the title "Plants added to the herbarium." The names of those who have contributed specimens and the names of the species represented by their respective contributions .are given under the title "Contributors and their contributions." Many of the contributed specimens belong to extralimital species. .some of the specimens of mosses and hepatics contributed by Prof. John Macoun, botanist of the Geological and Natural History 'Survey of Canada, represent species found in the extreme western .and northwestern part of British America. In some cases, speci­ mens sent for identification have been in good condition and desir­ .able for the herbarium. These have been preserved and credited to the sender as a contribution. The number of contributors :is 54. 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEU:\f In a third chapter, under the heading "Species not before re­ ported," are the names of species new to our flora. This contains the names of a few species that had previously been recorded and were represented in the herbarium as varieties of other species, but they have now been raised to specific rank and are herein recorded as good species. Remarks concerning habitats, descrip­ tions of new species, and the time of collecting the specimens, are given under their respectiyc species. The number of species re­ corded is 80. Of these 35 belong to the genus Crataegus. In a fourth chapter, bearing the title" Remarks and observa­ tions," there is a record of nc,',! stations of rare plants, descriptions of new varieties, remarks concerning peculiar or distinguishing features of certain plants and new names given to some species as required by the law of priority. The number of identifications of species made for correspondents and others, who have sent or brought specimens of plants to the office of the botanist for this purpose, is 675. The number of ?er­ sons for whom identifications haye been made is 100. The number of species of mushrooms that have been tried and approved as edible is 8. Descriptions of these and of a new variety of a species previously found to be edible constitute a chapter entitled" Edible fungi." Colored figures of natural size have been prepared of all these and placed on 7 plates, octavo size. The number of New York species and varieties of edible mushrooms previously reported is '53. Colored fig·ures of 5 new species are given on 3 similar plates. The study of our Crataegus flora has been continued, and many specimens of trees and shrubs of this genus have been collected. The specific identity of many of these has not yet been determined. Rochester and its vicinity have furnished plants from which 3 I species of Crataegus have been described by Prof. C. S. Sargent. Many of these were found within the limits of the city parks. By the wise and careful forethought of Mr C. C. Laney, superintend­ ent of parks, lahels have been placed on the particular thorn trees and shrubs which furnished the material from which the descrip­ tions of the several new species were derived. Type trees, in a genus in which many species resemble each other as closely as they do in the genus Crataegus, possess a peculiar value and importance and it is very fortunate in this instance, where so many type trees and shrubs grow in such close proximity to each other and where they can be protected, that they have been properly labeled with their botanical names. It reduces very much aJ1Y danger of mis­ takes in their identification. i In ":':':"::T tv ~~rCt· ...• ~y~:,,,~: ::r'l':':(':-::':~ ~:-(;~::-::{.:-:.:. 1",: ;;.~ ~::t:-.:: of the5C" :if,\:·.:ic:" :1';: ··i: :1.", :;-'.:~ ~:.::::. :'. ::-.::::' ':::.:' \-:.·::c: ::: :hc f.om.:·:i:L~ t::::.' r.. :" :.:...··l· : :.1::::; ::":'; ~; ", :r:::l,:::~ '''.\,':-\.' .....:: ........:1;".;. It V::"d ::.~:.i:l ·:i.·:h..: ::: .. :;:.:::::: :::: ~ ..l.' :7\':~: ",:', :::" -,: I.: ::~:tj:'lg ~P(· in:C-:b ~'::I; l,,\.'::,' :\.: ~. ::1:.: :-. ':, :-::..< ...: ::.::, l<.).. ~. ':c: .-~l,;"... iB :lrc :1::': ..,':\: :.\.-::1,.::\', ;rr ·.. ::.. ':l"'; :\.·~l-:.:\.< i:1. tLt,.· ·t:.h: r.cr- La:i:;:!!. 1"1.I..",':oj l', i:',l"l:- \\;:! "";.1,; :.- .1 '::1:. :.. :-: ..... :::: ..·.::i :1 to ('r",:njl:lr.' ~:w. il h"!~- 'li ':"''':;:' r, ::.Ir": .. ! c. :..:.. ·J1:t.'o: -': 1:1 ·,thC'r )fll'a!it:l". Thl.:Y I :.. !!11.i: -1:0. -j". i::, I :1:lr:., ~\.r- :'. ~. ':.~' n~~ ('ct:; with ~n :.:\..f :'Tt.:-, .. 1:,'::1 lill' ·.. "r.:~ .;' ,lc.. ··r:;.ti.,:l~ l"..:t .:',. It h:l~ :'I~'11 I'} ·:....,·; t:::lt ,II,,;,,\.." i- ...·.:11(" \·:Ii:,:i.ility ::;. thl' iruit of 50:::(: '~i"~:': :\:: .:; :iI,· ";:::.\' :,r;,~,. T::l' "r~lit '11::1 n:-t.1in shrub of era t ,t .' g: u.~ ,Il' I :1 l i';;1 in II.e, ·.';;I~ ";:11:&11. ir:-\..·:,;u· 1:1r and •. w(',nll~':' 'fhl ~ :"t,.·H'nt .:\,'~:" it \,·a .. :1•.• :..... ::1,1:: ::lr~,·r. fair and ~1.. ~a111. The- fruit ": ::1':' l~:-:~.':(-: th,·m. C. ;.: ray (-' ~ 11, whic!l i.~ pro,luclal 1<,:: lU::ill ..i :':.1:-::('" :-:l'::r Xl'ith .\n';ln::. is \':t.it,.·~at("d \\"h('ll :~1:1turl ,:!i': !"::":·:li~~. :1:::; fl': :m,} ~·;l'.':1 (.··,Ior~ 1"'i:lg in!(·fr.lin.'k,~. T:m.,· ~·L';~r..: i!1 ,..u('\·.... ..::"r. thi.: d:J:np has borne fruit fA tl:i~ th:l:-:.......·r. It- :':::~'::-l' tll r:~ ..n it...: fr::it l··..cn11' is tIue' v, the alt:j('k... "i ;1 :',Ir:t.:.itk itIns";':' rt:!;!tl': :0. ii w't thl~ ...:arne spl.'~ie~ :1:', tl1<.' 0:1\.. t!l:l~ '·:l:..i: ... ~ :,j f.'h.~ ~(,:ih (,:~ :1: j'!t........\ .. l::mp of hc. ... ilC:S (.I: the sam(' ~i)('C:('" ~ro\\'~;:~ in T:\'o!i hoi;,_,,'; lA';:r~ ir~1t thilt is fair and unifonnly cf..io:C'd ·.. ;ltt-~l rijoC. It ~r ?C3r:s to ~,~ l.xc'mpt from the: 3ttacks of the' iu:~gt::'. Tilt' :'rnit 0:1 some p13~ts h:13 been more persi:::te:1t thi~ yC':!r :h:..:: i: ',Y':S ~~::t ::c~r. Thi~ is t:o('f~aps largely due to the abscnc(' of man:: of the in~('ct... that usuall~· prey on thorn apples. It is prol,ably also due in part to fa,·orable weather conditions, A plentiful supply of !n'Ji:;turc has enabled the plant.s to maintain thE'iT gTo,:;th ar.d vigor tate in th(' &'350n. The more \"igoro'.ls the pinn t 1he stronger its ttndency to hold its foliage and fruit, In some' spel..'i..::s thl.' iruit IX'g'ulnrly persists long after the leayes ha,·e fallen. The tendency of numC"rou::, ~pcd~:s t,) ~·rH'.\·,l togethC'T in certain locnlitic:i is :l noti'::C:lU!l' ~·~l;\r;.H.·H·r in thl'~(' pl:mts. It 1-= not uncom­ mon to ibn t',\'u :111,1 thn.':l· ... p....<:ic:i growing do-=I.· to l·:!(:h oth('r and intcrmin1!lill~ tht'ir ur:,:whl..'s :or, intinntc'ly a'" tl) api'i..':&r at first sight to IlL' :l singh' il1tri~':ltdy l.r:iT1C wo1 indi,·j,lual. If :-lll,'l'iIl1l'ns for the hc·rhwrium ,tn' takl'!l from ,",nell ;~ <:llItI~t, :.!rl':tt .......mfu..ion and perpll,'xity i~ lik('ly tt) n";;:~I1t link ~'" ~hl.· :..:rl.·:ttl· ... t (':Ire i~ takrn not to mingle s:.lmples irom difien"nt ~!,,-,... h:'" Th:t :l.~rori:ltion on a larger scale excite.:i our \\'ont.1rr. Th;lt tlwrl,.· o;;houl.1 1)(' .p species of Cratacgus growing ~pontanl,.o(.Ja:'"l~· in the p3rks of the city of Rochester and in its immediate ..-icinity is a rcm:lrkable fact.