A Priest for All Generations An Investigation into the Use of the Melchizedek Figure from Genesis to the Cave of Treasures Dalgaard, Kasper Publication date: 2013 Document version Også kaldet Forlagets PDF Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Dalgaard, K. (2013). A Priest for All Generations: An Investigation into the Use of the Melchizedek Figure from Genesis to the Cave of Treasures. Det Teologiske Fakultet. Publikationer fra Det Teologiske Fakultet Bind 48 Download date: 25. sep.. 2021 KA ISBN 978-87-91838-64-4 S PER DALGAAR PER KASPER DALGAARD A Priest for All Generations. An Investigation into the Use Of the D Melchizedek Figure From Genesis to the Cave of Treasures A A n Investigation into the Use Of the Melchizedek Figure From From Of the Use Figure into the Melchizedek n Investigation P riest for riest for KASPER DALGAARD A ll G enerations A Priest for All Generations An Investigation into the Use Of the Melchizedek Figure From Genesis to the Cave of Treasures G enesis to the Cave of the Cave enesis to Treasures. Publikationer fra Det Teologiske Fakultet 48 KA ISBN 978-87-91838-64-4 S PER DALGAAR PER KASPER DALGAARD A Priest for All Generations. An Investigation into the Use Of the D Melchizedek Figure From Genesis to the Cave of Treasures A A n Investigation into the Use Of the Melchizedek Figure From From Of the Use Figure into the Melchizedek n Investigation P riest for riest for KASPER DALGAARD A ll G enerations A Priest for All Generations An Investigation into the Use Of the Melchizedek Figure From Genesis to the Cave of Treasures G enesis to the Cave of the Cave enesis to Treasures. Publikationer fra Det Teologiske Fakultet 48 A Priest for All Generations A Priest for All Generations An Investigation into the Use of the Melchizedek Figure from Genesis to the Cave of Treasures Kasper Dalgaard DEPARTMENT OF BIBLICAL STUDIES , FACULTY OF THEOLOGY , UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN A Priest for All Generations: An Investigation into the Use of the Melchizedek Figure from Genesis to the Cave of Treasures Publikationer fra Det Teologiske Fakultet 48 Licensed under CreativeCommons Kasper Dalgaard ISBN: 978-87-91838-64-4 (print) ISBN: 978-87-93361-42-3 (pdf) Udgivet af: Det Teologiske Fakultet Københavns Universitet Købmagergade 44–46 1150 København K Trykning og indbinding: Grafisk - Københavns Universitet Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Jesper Tang Nielsen, for his invaluable suggestions, guidance, and readiness to read each new draft. Sincere thanks are also due to all my colleagues, past and present, at the Biblical Studies Section of the University of Copenhagen, for their pleasant company and their patience with my constant references to Melchizedek. I would also thank my family and, above all, my wife Jeanne, for her endless love and support, without which this dissertation would never have reached its present stage. Finally, I dedicate this study to my father Jørn, who passed away as the final chapters were being written. He taught me that the best kind of knowledge to have is that which is learned for its own sake, and for this reason, this dissertation is dedicated to him. Table of Contents Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1. Introduction..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Aim and Scope of the Study .............................................................................. 1 1.2 Sources............................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Earlier Research: Some Remarks....................................................................... 3 1.4 Notes on Sects and Rewritten Bible................................................................... 8 1.4.1 The Anstalt and the Sectarians.................................................................... 8 1.4.2 Rewritten Bible......................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2. Melchizedek in Hebrew Scripture ................................................................ 15 2.1 Genesis............................................................................................................. 15 2.1.1 Introduction to Genesis 14:18–20 ............................................................ 15 2.1.2 Melchizedek in Genesis 14:18–20............................................................ 17 2.1.3 Conclusions to Melchizedek in Genesis 14:18–20................................... 25 2.2 Psalm 110......................................................................................................... 25 2.2.1 Introduction to Psalm 110 ........................................................................ 25 2.2.2 Melchizedek in Psalm 110........................................................................ 28 2.2.3 Conclusions to Melchizedek in Psalm 110............................................... 30 Chapter 3. Turn-of-the-Era Interpretations of Melchichedek......................................... 32 3.1 Greek Fragment on the Life of Abraham ........................................................ 32 3.1.1 Introduction to the Greek Fragment on the Life of Abraham ................... 32 3.1.2 Melchizedek in the Greek Fragment on the Life of Abraham .................. 37 3.1.3 Conclusions to Melchizedek in the Fragment on the Life of Abraham .... 39 3.2 Book of Jubilees .............................................................................................. 40 3.2.1 Introduction to Jubilees ............................................................................ 40 3.2.2 Melchizedek in Jubilees ........................................................................... 41 3.2.3 Conclusions to Melchizedek in Jubilees .................................................. 43 3.3 The Genesis Apocryphon ................................................................................. 44 3.3.1 Introduction to the Genesis Apocryphon .................................................. 44 3.3.2 Melchizedek in the Genesis Apocryphon ................................................. 45 3.3.3 Conclusions to Melchizedek in the Genesis Apocryphon ........................ 46 3.4 Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice ......................................................................... 47 3.4.1 Introduction to Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice ........................................ 47 3.4.2 Melchizedek in Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice ........................................ 52 3.4.3 Conclusions to Melchizedek in Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice ............... 56 3.5 4Q ‛Amram ....................................................................................................... 57 3.5.1 Introduction to 4Q ‛Amram....................................................................... 57 3.5.2 Melchizedek in 4Q ‛Amram...................................................................... 58 3.5.3 Conclusions to Melchizedek in 4Q ‛Amram ............................................. 59 3.6 4Q246............................................................................................................... 60 3.6.1 Introduction to 4Q246 .............................................................................. 60 3.6.2 Melchizedek in 4Q246.............................................................................. 60 3.6.2 Conclusions to Melchizedek in 4Q246..................................................... 61 3.7 11Q13............................................................................................................... 62 3.7.1 Introduction to 11Q13 .............................................................................. 62 3.7.2 Melchizedek in 11Q13.............................................................................. 63 3.7.3 Conclusions to Melchizedek in 11Q13..................................................... 68 3.8 Melchizedek at Qumran................................................................................... 69 3.9 Philo of Alexandria.......................................................................................... 79 3.9.1 Introduction to Philo................................................................................. 79 3.9.2 Quaestiones in Genesin ............................................................................ 81 3.9.2.1 Introduction to Quaestiones in Genesin ............................................ 81 3.9.2.2 Melchizedek in Quaestiones in Genesin ........................................... 82 3.9.3 De Abrahamo ............................................................................................ 83 3.9.3.1 Introduction to De Abrahamo ........................................................... 83 3.9.3.2 Melchizedek in De Abrahamo ........................................................... 84 3.9.4 De Congressu Eruditionis Gratia ............................................................. 85 3.9.4.1 Introduction to De Congressu Eruditionis Gratia ............................. 85 3.9.4.2 Melchizedek in De Congressu Eruditionis Gratia ............................ 86 3.9.5 Legum Allegoriae ..................................................................................... 88 3.9.5.1 Introduction to Legum Allegoriae ..................................................... 88 3.9.5.2 Melchizedek in Legum Allegoriae ...................................................