ICES WGITMO REPORT 2014 ICES ADVISORY COMMITTEE ICES CM 2014/ACOM:32 REF. ACOM Report of the ICES Working Group on Intro- ductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO) 19-21 March 2014 Palanga, Lithuania International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H. C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46 DK-1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: ICES. 2014. Report of the ICES Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Ma- rine Organisms (WGITMO), 19-21 March 2014, Palanga, Lithuania. ICES CM 2014/ACOM:32. 259 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the Gen- eral Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of the Council. © 2014 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES WGITMO REPORT 2014 | i Contents Executive summary ................................................................................................................ 1 1 Opening of the meeting ................................................................................................ 2 2 Adoption of the agenda ................................................................................................ 3 3 WGITMO Terms of Reference .................................................................................... 4 4 Progress in relation to Terms of Reference ............................................................... 6 4.1 Term of Reference a) ............................................................................................. 6 4.1.1 Belgium ..................................................................................................... 6 4.1.2 Canada ....................................................................................................... 6 4.1.3 Croatia (by correspondence) .................................................................. 6 4.1.4 Denmark .................................................................................................... 7 4.1.5 Estonia ....................................................................................................... 7 4.1.6 Finland ....................................................................................................... 7 4.1.7 France ........................................................................................................ 7 4.1.8 Germany .................................................................................................... 7 4.1.9 Greece ........................................................................................................ 8 4.1.10 Ireland ....................................................................................................... 8 4.1.11 Israel (by correspondence) ...................................................................... 8 4.1.12 Italy ............................................................................................................ 8 4.1.13 Lithuania ................................................................................................... 8 4.1.14 Netherlands .............................................................................................. 9 4.1.15 Norway ...................................................................................................... 9 4.1.16 Poland (by correspondence) ................................................................... 9 4.1.17 Portugal ..................................................................................................... 9 4.1.18 Russia ....................................................................................................... 10 4.1.19 Spain (by correspondence) ................................................................... 10 4.1.20 Sweden .................................................................................................... 11 4.1.21 United Kingdom .................................................................................... 11 4.1.22 United States (by correspondence) ...................................................... 12 4.2 Term of Reference b) .......................................................................................... 12 4.3 Term of Reference c) ........................................................................................... 18 4.4 Term of Reference d) .......................................................................................... 19 4.5 Term of Reference e) ........................................................................................... 23 4.6 Term of Reference f) ........................................................................................... 25 4.7 Term of Reference g) .......................................................................................... 29 4.8 Term of Reference h) .......................................................................................... 29 4.9 Other discussion items and any other business ............................................. 29 4.9.1 WGITMO 40th meeting anniversary .................................................... 29 4.9.2 ICES–CIESM joint Mnemiopsis leidyi workshop ................................. 30 4.9.3 Amending the national report format ................................................. 30 4.9.4 Theme sessions at ICES ASC 2014 ....................................................... 30 ii | ICES WGITMO REPORT 2014 4.9.5 Over one decade of invasion: the non-indigenous cladoceran Evadne anonyx G.O. Sars, 1897 in a low - salinity environment (Presentation by Marilyn Kalaus) ................................ 31 4.9.6 Varia......................................................................................................... 31 5 Closing of the meeting ................................................................................................ 32 Annex 1. List of participants............................................................................................... 33 Annex 2. Meeting agenda ................................................................................................... 38 Annex 3. National reports ................................................................................................... 43 Annex 4. List of new species and range expansions of alien species as reported in National Reports ................................................................................... 169 Annex 5. Draft alien species alert report on Ensis directus ......................................... 223 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 225 2 Identification .............................................................................................................. 226 3 Biology in the native range ...................................................................................... 230 3.1 Natural history .................................................................................................. 231 3.2 Growth rate........................................................................................................ 231 3.3 Reproduction ..................................................................................................... 231 4 Non-native distribution ............................................................................................ 233 4.1 European records .............................................................................................. 233 4.1.1 Natural history in the recipient region ............................................. 235 4.1.2 Habitat and behaviour ........................................................................ 239 4.1.3 Reproduction ........................................................................................ 241 4.1.4 Growth rate ........................................................................................... 242 4.1.5 Impacts .................................................................................................. 242 5 Prospect for further invasions ................................................................................. 246 6 Prospects for control or management where introductions occur .................... 247 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................... 248 Annex 6 Meetings history of WGITMO ........................................................................ 255 Annex 7 Report of the non-native species consultation meeting beween ICES and CIESM ........................................................................................................ 257 Annex 8 Proposed Terms of Reference for 2015 ........................................................... 258 ICES WGITMO REPORT 2014 | 1 Executive summary The 2014 meeting of the ICES Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Ma- rine Organisms (WGITMO) was held in Palanga, Lithuania during 19-21. March with Sergej Olenin as host and Henn Ojaveer as chair. The meeting was attended by partic- ipants from 22 countries. The physical participants were from Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine and United Kingdom