MATH VOCABULARY TERMS Absolute Value—the distance that a Bisector—line that divides a unit into two equal number is from zero on the number line parts (positive) Celsius —the metric system scale for measuring Acute angle—an angle with a measure temperature less than 90o Circumference—a circle’s perimeter; C = πd Addends—any number being added Commutative Property of Addition—the sum Additive Identity Property of Zero—for stays the same when the order of the addends is any number n, n+ 0 = n changed; Additive Identity—the number zero a + b = b + a Additive Inverse—a number whose sum Complement of an event(probability)—the with a given number is 0. Also called event consisting of all outcomes not in the given opposite event Adjacent Angles—two angles that are Complementary Angles—two angles that have next to each other and connected by one measures with a sum of 90° side of the angles Composite number—any Algebraic Expression—a positive integer exactly divisible group of numbers, symbols, by one or more positive integers and variables that express other than itself and 1 an operation or a series of Congruent Figures- Figures operations having the same size and shape. Algorithm—steps used to find a Figures that are the image of each other under a result…for example: procedure used for reflection, rotation, translation, or any adding two numbers combination of these are congruent Alternate Exterior Angles—angles Construction—an accurate image of a figure formed by two lines and a transversal that made using only a straightedge and a compass are on opposite sides of the transversal but Contraction—a size change in which the factor k not between the two given lines is nonzero and between –1 and 1 Alternate Interior Angles—angles Corresponding Angles—any pair of angles in formed by two lines and a transversal that similar locations in relation to a transversal are between the two given lines on intersecting two lines opposite sides of the transversal Degree of a polynomial—the highest power of Altitude—the perpendicular segment from any term of a polynomial a vertex of a triangle to the opposite side of Denominator—in a fraction, the divisor. The the triangle. Also called height. a number b in the fraction . Angle—two rays that share an endpoint b Associative Property of Addition—the Diameter—twice the radius of a circle or sphere; sum stays the same when the grouping of a segment connecting two points on a circle that addends is changed; a + (b + c) = (a + contains the center of the circle b) + c y Difference—the amount that remains after one Base—1) In a power x , x. 2) The side of quantity is subtracted from another a triangle perpendicular to an altitude or Dilation—transformation in which an image is height. 3) The bottom of a box, or enlarged or decreased proportionately from its rectangular solid. 4) In a trapezoid, one of earlier size the parallel sides. 5) In a cylindric solid, Dimension—1) The length or width of a one of the plane regions translated to form rectangle. 2) The number of rows or the number the solid. of columns in an array. 3) The length, width, or Binomial—a polynomial with two terms height of a box. MATH VOCABULARY TERMS Discriminate—to see and note the Image—the result of applying a transformation to differences between two things a figure Dividend—the number in a quotient that is Impossible event—an event with a probability of being divided. In the division a ÷ b, a is the 0 dividend Independent events—two events A and B are Divisible—when one number divides independent events when and only when evenly into another number Prob (A and B) = Prob (A) • Prob (B) Edges— the sides of the faces of a Inequality—a mathematical sentence that rectangular solid. compares two unequal expressions using one of Equation—a mathematical sentence with the symbols <, >, ≤, ≥, or ≠. an equal sign Instance—a particular example of a pattern Estimate—approximate Integers—a number, which is a whole number or Expansion—a size change with a the opposite of a whole number {…-3,-2,- magnitude whose absolute value is greater 1,0,1,2,3,…} than 1 Interior Angles—angles formed by two lines and Exponential form—a number written as a a transversal that have some points between the power two given lines Expression—a combination of variables, Irrational number—a real number that cannot be numbers and symbols written as a simple fraction Evaluating the Expression—to find the Legs of a right triangle—the sides of a right value of a mathematical expression triangle that are on the sides of the right angle, or Exterior Angles—angles formed by two the lengths of these sides lines and a transversal that have no points Like Terms—terms that involve the same between given lines variables to the same powers. Factor—1) A number that divides evenly Linear equation—an equation of the form y = ax into another number. 2) To find the factors + b, forms a straight line, all the variables are to of a particular number. the first power Fahrenheit—temperature scale Linear pair—two angles that share a common Formula—a sentence in which one side and whose non-common sides are opposite variable is given in terms of other variables rays and numbers Magnitude—1) An amount measuring the size of Fraction— a symbol of the form a/b a turn. 2) The distance between a point and its which represents the quotient when a is translation image. 3) A size change factor divided by b Mean—the sum of the numbers divided by the Function—a set of ordered pairs in which amount of numbers in a collection (also called each first coordinate appears with exactly average) one second coordinate Median—in a collection of numbers arranged in Height—1) The perpendicular distance numerical order, it is the middle number from any vertex of a triangle to the side Minuend—in a subtraction problem, the number opposite that vertex. 2) The distance from which another number is subtracted. In a – b, between the bases of the trapezoid. 3) The the minuend is a distance between the bases of a cylinder or Mode—in a collection of data, it is the object that prism. occurs most often Hypotenuse—the longest side of a right Monomial—the product of constants and triangle variables MATH VOCABULARY TERMS Multiplicative Inverse—a number whose % of change = amount of change * 100 product with a given number is 1; also original amount called reciprocal Perfect square—a number that is the square of a Mutually Exclusive events—events that whole number cannot occur at the same time Perimeter—the distance around a figure; the sum Natural Numbers—any of the numbers 1, of all the sides of a figure 2, 3,…, also called the positive integers. Permutation—an arrangement of letters, names Net—a plane pattern for a three- or objects dimensional figure Perpendicular—two rays, segments, or lines that Nonlinear equation—containing a form right angles variable with an exponent other than one Perpendicular bisector—a line that divides a line Numerator—in a fraction the dividend. segment in half and meets the segment at right a angles The number a in the fraction . b Polynomial—the sum of monomials Obtuse angle—an angle whose measure is Power—the product obtained by multiplying a between 90o and 180o quantity by itself a specified number of times, as number is 0, also called the additive indicated by its exponent inverse Pre-image— a figure to which a transformation Opposite of Opposites Property—for any has been applied number n, - (- n) = n Prime Number—a positive integer other than 1 Ordered pair—a that is divisible only by itself and one pair of numbers or Product—the answer in a multiplication problem objects (x,y) in which Property of Opposites—for any number the first number x is n, n + (- n) = 0 designated to be the Proportion—a statement that two fractions are first coordinate and equal the second number y Pythagorean Theorem—let the legs of a right is designated to be the second coordinate triangle have length a and b. Let the hypotenuse 2 2 2. Origin—the point (0,0) in a coordinate have length c, then a + b = c graph Quadrant—One of the four regions of the Outcome—a possible result of an coordinate plane determined by the x- and y- axis experiment Quadratic function—a function with a second Parallel—always the same distance apart degree variable Parallel lines—two or more lines that do Quotient—the answer in a division problem not intersect Radius—the segment, or the length of the Pattern—a general idea for which there segment, from the center of a circle to a point on are many examples the circle Percent—a number written using the Range—In a collection of numbers, the difference percent sign %. This indicates that the between the largest and the smallest number number preceding it should be multiplied Rate—the quotient of two quantities with by 0.01 or 1/100 different units Percent change—(increase or decrease) a Ratio—the quotient of two quantities with the way to describe a change in quantity by same units expressing it as a percent of the original Rational number—Any number that can be quantity. written as a simple fraction MATH VOCABULARY TERMS Ray—a part of a line that has one endpoint Simple Interest—the amount of interest and extends infinitely in one direction determined by the following formula: Rate of change—the rate of change Interest = Principal * annual Rate * Time in years between points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is (y2-y1) Size change factor—the number k by which the (x2-x1) coordinates of the preimage are multiplied in a Real number—any number that can be size change written as a decimal.