ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION The molar enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ∆vapH, which is de- 2. Chase, M. W., Davies, C. A., Downey, J. R., Frurip, D. J., McDonald, R. fined as the enthalpy change in the conversion of one mole of liq- A., and Syverud, A. N., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Third Edition, uid to gas at constant temperature, is tabulated here for about 950 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, Suppl. 1, 1985. inorganic and organic compounds. Values are given, when avail- 3. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, Sixth Edition, II/4, Caloric Quantities of able, both at the normal boiling point tb, referred to a pressure of State, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1961. 101.325 kPa (760 mmHg), and at 25°C. 4. Daubert, T. E., Danner, R. P., Sibul, H. M., and Stebbins, C. C., The values in this table were measured either by calorimetric Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Compounds: Data techniques or by application of the Claperyon equation to the Compilation, extant 1994 (core with 4 supplements), Taylor & Francis, variation of vapor pressure with temperature. See Reference 1 for Bristol, PA. a discussion of the accuracy of different experimental techniques 5. Ruzicka, K., and Majer, V., Simultaneous Treatment of Vapor Pressures and methods of estimating enthalpy of vaporization at other tem- and Related Thermal Data Between the Triple and Normal Boiling peratures. Several of the references present empirical techniques Temperatures for n-Alkanes C5–C20, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 23, 1, 1994. for correlating enthalpy of vaporization with molecular structure. 6. Verevkin, S. P., Thermochemistry of Amines: Experimental Standard Compounds are listed by systematic name, with compounds not Molar Enthalpies of Formation of Some Aliphatic and Aromatic containing carbon preceding those that do contain carbon. To lo- Amines, J. Chem. Thermodynamics, 29, 891, 1997. cate a compound by molecular formula or CAS Registry Number, 7. Cady, G. H., and Hargreaves, G. B., The Vapor Pressure of Some Heavy use the indexes to the table “Physical Constants of Organic Transition Metal Hexafluorides, J. Chem. Soc., 1563, 1578, 1961. Compounds” in Section 3, which point to the entry in that table 8. Steele, W. V., Chirico, R. D., Knipmeyer, S. E., and Nguyen, A., J. Chem. from which the name can be determined. Eng. Data 41, 1255, 1996. 9. Nichols, G., et al., J. Chem. Eng. Data 51, 475, 2006. 10. Dias, A. M. A., et al., J. Chem. Eng. Data 50, 1328, 2005. References 11. Umnahanant, P., et al., J. Chem. Eng. Data 51, 2246, 2006. 12. Raganov, G. N., Pisarev, P. N., and Emel’yanenko, V. N., J. Chem. Eng. 1. Majer, V., and Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Data 50, 1114, 2005. Compounds, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985. 13. Verevkin, S. P., et al., J. Chem. Eng. Data 51, 1896, 2006. 14. Verevkin, S. P., J. Chem. Thermodynamics 38, 1111, 2006. tb ΔvapH(tb) ΔvapH(25°C) Name Mol. Form. °C kJ/mol kJ/mol Compounds not containing carbon Aluminum Al 2519 294 Aluminum borohydride AlB3H12 44.5 30 Aluminum bromide AlBr3 255 23.5 Aluminum iodide AlI3 382 32.2 Ammonia H3N –33.33 23.33 19.86 Antimony(III) bromide Br3Sb 288 59 Antimony(III) chloride Cl3Sb 220.3 45.19 Antimony(III) iodide I3Sb 400 68.6 Argon Ar –185.85 6.43 Arsenic(III) bromide AsBr3 221 41.8 Arsenic(III) chloride AsCl3 130 35.01 Arsenic(III) fluoride AsF3 57.13 29.7 Arsenic(V) fluoride AsF5 –52.8 20.8 Arsenic(III) iodide AsI3 424 59.3 Arsine AsH3 –62.5 16.69 Barium Ba 1897 140 Beryllium chloride BeCl2 482 105 Beryllium iodide BeI2 590 70.5 Bismuth Bi 1564 151 Bismuth tribromide BiBr3 462 75.4 Bismuth trichloride BiCl3 441 72.61 Boron B 4000 480 Boron tribromide BBr3 91.3 30.5 Boron trichloride BCl3 12.5 23.77 23.1 Boron trifluoride BF3 –99.9 19.33 Boron triiodide BI3 209.5 40.5 6-101 6-102 Enthalpy of Vaporization tb ΔvapH(tb) ΔvapH(25°C) Name Mol. Form. °C kJ/mol kJ/mol Bromine Br2 58.8 29.96 30.91 Bromine fluoride BrF 20 25.1 Bromine pentafluoride BrF5 41.3 30.6 Bromine trifluoride BrF3 125.8 47.57 Bromosilane BrH3Si 1.9 24.4 Cadmium Cd 767 99.87 Cadmium bromide Br2Cd 863 115 Cadmium chloride CdCl2 964 124.3 Cadmium fluoride CdF2 1750 214 Cadmium iodide CdI2 744 115 Chlorine Cl2 –34.04 20.41 17.65 Chlorine dioxide ClO2 11 30 Chlorine fluoride ClF –101.1 24 Chlorine monoxide Cl2O 2.2 25.9 Chlorine trifluoride ClF3 11.75 27.53 Chlorosilane ClH3Si –30.4 21 Chlorotrifluorosilane ClF3Si –70.0 18.7 Chromium(II) chloride Cl2Cr 1120 197 Chromium(VI) dichloride dioxide Cl2CrO2 117 35.1 Diborane B2H6 –92.49 14.28 Dibromosilane Br2H2Si 66 31 Dichlorodifluorosilane Cl2F2Si –32 21.2 Dichlorosilane Cl2H2Si 8.3 25 24.2 Difluorine dioxide F2O2 –57 19.1 Difluorosilane F2H2Si –77.8 16.3 Digermane Ge2H6 29 25.1 Diphosphine H4P2 63.5 28.8 Disilane H6Si2 –14.8 21.2 Fluorine F2 –188.12 6.62 Fluorine monoxide F2O –144.3 11.09 Fluorosilane FH3Si –98.6 18.8 Gallium Ga 2204 254 Gallium(III) bromide Br3Ga 279 38.9 Gallium(III) chloride Cl3Ga 201 23.9 Gallium(III) iodide GaI3 340 56.5 Germane GeH4 –88.1 14.06 Germanium Ge 2833 334 Germanium(IV) bromide Br4Ge 186.35 41.4 Germanium(IV) chloride Cl4Ge 86.55 27.9 Gold Au 2856 324 Helium He –268.93 0.08 Hydrazine H4N2 113.55 41.8 44.7 Hydrazoic acid HN3 35.7 30.5 Hydrogen H2 –252.76 0.90 Hydrogen bromide BrH –66.38 12.69 Hydrogen chloride ClH –85 16.15 9.08 Hydrogen disulfide H2S2 70.7 33.78 Hydrogen iodide HI –35.55 19.76 17.36 Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 150.2 51.6 Hydrogen selenide H2Se –41.25 19.7 Hydrogen sulfide H2S –59.55 18.67 14.08 Hydrogen telluride H2Te –2 19.2 Indium(I) bromide BrIn 656 92 Indium(I) iodide IIn 712 90.8 Iodine I2 184.4 41.57 Enthalpy of Vaporization 6-103 tb ΔvapH(tb) ΔvapH(25°C) Name Mol. Form. °C kJ/mol kJ/mol Iodine pentafluoride F5I 100.5 41.3 Iridium(VI) fluoride F6Ir 53.6 30.9 Krypton Kr –153.34 9.08 Lead Pb 1749 179.5 Lead(II) bromide Br2Pb 892 133 Lead(II) chloride Cl2Pb 951 127 Lead(II) fluoride F2Pb 1293 160.4 Lead(II) iodide I2Pb 872 104 Lithium fluoride FLi 1673 147 Lithium hydroxide HLiO 1626 188 Mercury Hg 356.62 59.11 Mercury(II) bromide Br2Hg 318 58.89 Mercury(II) chloride Cl2Hg 304 58.9 Mercury(II) iodide HgI2 351 59.2 Molybdenum(V) chloride Cl5Mo 268 62.8 Molybdenum(V) fluoride F5Mo 213.6 51.8 Molybdenum(VI) fluoride F6Mo 34.0 29.0 Molybdenum(VI) oxide MoO3 1155 138 Molybdenum(VI) oxytetrafluoride F4MoO 186.0 50.6 Neon Ne –246.05 1.71 Niobium(V) chloride Cl5Nb 247.4 52.7 Niobium(V) fluoride F5Nb 234 52.3 Nitric acid HNO3 83 39.1 Nitric oxide NO –151.74 13.83 Nitrogen N2 –195.79 5.57 Nitrogen tetroxide N2O4 21.15 38.12 Nitrogen trifluoride F3N –128.75 11.56 Nitrosyl chloride ClNO –5.5 25.78 Nitrosyl fluoride FNO –59.9 19.28 Nitrous oxide N2O –88.48 16.53 Nitryl chloride ClNO2 –15 25.7 Nitryl fluoride FNO2 –72.4 18.05 Osmium(V) fluoride F5Os 233 65.6 Osmium(VI) fluoride F6Os 47.5 28.1 Oxygen O2 –182.95 6.82 Pentaborane(11) B5H11 65 31.8 Perchloryl fluoride ClFO3 –46.75 19.33 Phosphine H3P –87.75 14.6 Phosphorothioc trifluoride F3PS –52.25 19.6 Phosphorus P 280.5 12.4 14.2 Phosphorus(III) bromide Br3P 173.2 38.8 Phosphorus(III) chloride Cl3P 76 30.5 32.1 Phosphorus(III) chloride difluoride ClF2P –47.3 17.6 Phosphorus(III) dichloride fluoride Cl2FP 13.85 24.9 Phosphorus(III) fluoride F3P –101.8 16.5 Phosphorus(V) fluoride F5P –84.6 17.2 Phosphorus(III) iodide I3P 227 43.9 Phosphoryl bromide Br3OP 191.7 38 Phosphoryl chloride Cl3OP 105.5 34.35 38.6 Rhenium(VII) dioxytrifluoride F3O2Re 185.4 65.7 Rhenium(V) fluoride F5Re 221.3 58.1 Rhenium(VI) fluoride F6Re 33.8 28.7 Rhenium(VI) oxytetrafluoride F4ORe 171.7 61.0 Selenium Se 685 95.48 Selenium tetrafluoride F4Se 101.6 47.2 6-104 Enthalpy of Vaporization tb ΔvapH(tb) ΔvapH(25°C) Name Mol. Form. °C kJ/mol kJ/mol Silane H4Si –111.9 12.1 Silver(I) bromide AgBr 1502 198 Silver(I) chloride AgCl 1547 199 Silver(I) iodide AgI 1506 143.9 Sodium hydroxide HNaO 1388 175 Stannane H4Sn –51.8 19.05 Stibine H3Sb –17 21.3 Sulfur S 444.61 45 Sulfur dioxide O2S –10.05 24.94 22.92 Sulfur hexafluoride F6S 8.99 Sulfur tetrafluoride F4S –40.45 26.44 Sulfur trioxide O3S 44.5 40.69 43.14 Sulfuryl chloride Cl2O2S 69.4 31.4 30.1 Tantalum(V) bromide Br5Ta 348.8 62.3 Tantalum(V) chloride Cl5Ta 239 54.8 Tantalum(V) fluoride F5Ta 229.5 56.9 Tellurium Te 988 114.1 Tellurium tetrachloride Cl4Te 387 77 Tetraborane(10) B4H10 18 27.1 Tetrabromosilane Br4Si 154 37.9 Tetrachlorosilane Cl4Si 57.65 28.7 29.7 Tetrafluorodiborane B2F4 –34.0 28 Tetrafluorohydrazine F4N2 –74 13.27 Tetraiodosilane I4Si 287.35 50.2 Thallium(I) bromide BrTl 819 99.56 Thallium(I) chloride ClTl 720 102.2 Thallium(I) iodide ITl 824 104.7 Thallium(I) sulfide STl2 1367 154 Thionitrosyl fluoride (NSF) FNS 4.8 22.2 Thionyl chloride Cl2OS 75.6 31.7 31 Thionyl fluoride F2OS –43.8 21.8 Thorium(IV) chloride Cl4Th 921 146.4 Thorium(IV) fluoride F4Th 1680 258 Tin(II) bromide Br2Sn 639 102 Tin(IV) bromide Br4Sn 205 43.5 Tin(II) chloride Cl2Sn 623 86.8 Tin(IV) chloride Cl4Sn 114.15 34.9 Tin(II) iodide I2Sn 714 105 Tin(IV) iodide I4Sn 364.35 56.9 Titanium(IV) bromide Br4Ti 233.5 44.37 Titanium(II) chloride Cl2Ti 1500 232 Titanium(III) chloride Cl3Ti 960 124 Titanium(IV) chloride Cl4Ti 136.45 36.2 Titanium(IV) iodide I4Ti 377 58.4 Tribromosilane Br3HSi 109 34.8 Trichlorosilane Cl3HSi 33 25.7 Trifluorosilane F3HSi –95 16.2 Trigermane Ge3H8 110.5 32.2 Trisilane H8Si3 52.9 28.5 Tungsten(VI) chloride Cl6W 337 52.7 Tungsten(VI) fluoride F6W 17.1 26.5 Tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride Cl4OW 230 67.8 Tungsten(VI) oxytetrafluoride F4OW 185.9 59.5 Vanadium(IV) chloride Cl4V 151 41.4 42.5 Vanadium(V) fluoride F5V 48.3 44.52 Enthalpy of Vaporization 6-105 tb ΔvapH(tb) ΔvapH(25°C) Name Mol.