Bosna i Hercegovina Босна и Херцеговина Sud Bosne i Hercegovine Суд Боснe и Херцеговинe Case No: S1 1 K 003442 14 Kžk 2 Rendered on: 18 June 2014 Written copy sent out on: 1 July 2014 In the Panel of Judges: Redžib Begić, Presiding Tihomir Lukes, Dragomir Vukoje, LLM PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA v. ŽELJKO IVANOVIĆ SECOND INSTANCE VERDICT Prosecutor for the Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Dubravko Čampara Counsel for the Accused Željko Ivanović: Petko Pavlović, Defense Attorney Sud Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo, ul. Kraljice Jelene br. 88 Telefon: 033 707 100, 707 596; Fax: 033 707 225 C O N T E N T S: ENACTING CLAUSE ....................................................................................................................... 5 R E A S O N I N G ............................................................................................................................ 8 I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY ........................................................................................................... 8 II.EVIDENCE ADDUCED ................................................................................................................. 9 III. CLOSING ARGUMENT ............................................................................................................ 10 A. PROSECUTION’S CLOSING ARGUMENT ....................................................................................... 10 B. CLOSING ARGUMENT OF ATTORNEY PETKO PAVLOVIĆ, COUNSEL FOR THE ACCUSED ŽELJKO IVANOVIĆ, ................................................................................................................................. 10 IV. APPLICABLE LAW .................................................................................................................. 10 V. GENERAL ELEMENTS OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE ................................................. 11 (b) The use of term “Bosniak” ................................................................................................. 13 VI. UNDERLYING ACTS OF THE CRIME ................................................................................. 14 (a) The act of genocide-actus reus .................................................................................... 14 (i) The killing of members of a group of people as actus reus of genocide ................. 14 (ii) Causing serious injury to physical and mental health to members of a group of people .............................................................................................................................. 15 (b) Genocidal intent-mens rea ............................................................................................. 17 i. Purpose (intent) ......................................................................................................... 18 ii. To destroy .................................................................................................................. 18 iii. in whole or in part .................................................................................................... 19 iv. a national, etnical or religious group of people ................................................... 19 VII. STANDARDS OF PROOF ……………………. …………………………………..……20 A. CREDIBILITY OF WITNESS WITH GRANTED PROTECION MEASURES I-3 ...................................... 24 B. EVIDENCE OF PETAR MITROVIĆ AND MILADIN STEVANOVIĆ ....................................................... 35 VIII. FINDINGS OF THE COURT ................................................................................................. 37 2 S1 1 K 003442 12 Kžk 2 17 June 2013 A. STATUS OF THE ACCUSED .......................................................................................................... 37 B. GENERAL CONTEXT OF THE EVENTS IN THE UN SAFE AREA SREBRENICA ................................ 37 1. Status of the safe area ....................................................................................................... 37 2. The attack on Srebrenica .................................................................................................. 38 3. 10 July 1995 ........................................................................................................................ 42 4. 11 July 1995 ........................................................................................................................ 43 5. 12 July 1995 ........................................................................................................................ 45 6. 13 July 1995 ........................................................................................................................ 49 7. 17-19 July 1995 ................................................................................................................... 52 IX. SECOND DETACHMENT OF THE SPECIAL POLICE BRIGADE ................................ 53 a. The Accused's alibi ....................................................................................................... 53 (b) Deployment of the Second Šekovići Detachment in the Srebrenica area and further activities in the field ............................................................................................... 58 1. Bratunac-Konjević Polje road ........................................................................................... 61 (a) Deployment of members of the Second Detachment of the Police Special Brigade Šekovići along the Bratunac-Konjević road ................................................................... 62 2. Surrender of the Bosniak men .......................................................................................... 64 3. Situation at the Sandići Meadow and the Bratunac-Konjević road on 13 July 1995 69 4. The role of the Accused and members of the Skelani Platoon in capturing, securing and escorting the men in the Kravica hangar ............................................. 72 B. THE ESCORT OF MEN TO THE FC “KRAVICA“ HANGAR ............................................................... 73 (a) The column .......................................................................................................................... 73 (b) Bussing of the captured men ........................................................................................... 75 (c) Number of the captured men in the warehouse ............................................................. 76 C. EXECUTION OF THE CAPTURED BOSNIAK MEN IN THE KRAVICA HANGAR ................................. 78 D. FORENSIC EVIDENCE FROM THE WAREHOUSE .......................................................................... 86 E. THE KILLINGS IN KRAVICA WERE NOT AN INCIDENT .................................................................... 89 F. THE PANEL’S FINDING ON THE ACCUSED’S ROLE AND HIS EXISTING MENS REA FOR THE GENOCIDAL PLAN OF OTHERS .................................................................................................. 93 (a) The Accused's presence at the Bratunac- Konjević Polje road in Sandići on 12 and 13 July 1995 ................................................................................................................ 93 (b) The Accused's participation in the capturing of the Bosniak men from the column . 95 (c) The Accused's participation in escorting the column of captives and in the executions ........................................................................................................................... 97 3 S1 1 K 003442 12 Kžk 2 17 June 2013 (d) Mens rea-awareness of the genocidal intent of others ............................................... 100 X. CHANGES IN THE FACTUAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INDICTMENT ........................ 105 XI. SENTENCING ......................................................................................................................... 107 XII. DECISION ON THE COSTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ...................................... 108 XIII. DECISION ON CLAIMS UNDER PROPERTY LAW ...................................................... 108 XIV. ANNEX 1 ................................................................................................................................ 109 A. EVIDENCE ADDUCED ........................................................................................................ 109 1. Evidence adduced in the first instance proceedings ................................................... 109 (a) Evidence for the Prosecution ........................................................................................... 109 (b) Evidence for the Defense ................................................................................................ 115 2. Evidence adduced in the proceedings before the Appellate Panel .......................... 118 (a) Evidence for the Prosecution .......................................................................................... 118 (b) Evidence for the Defense ................................................................................................ 118 XV. ANNEX 2 ................................................................................................................................. 119 i. The facts pertaining to the Krstić case ................................................................ 140 ii. The facts pertaining to the Popović et al. case .................................................. 140 4 S1 1 K 003442 12 Kžk 2 17 June 2013 Number: S1 1 K 003442 14 Kžk 2 Sarajevo, 18 June 2014 IN THE NAME OF BOSNIA AND