'" . lHE STORY OF 1HE. NATIONS ' SUBSCRIPTION EDmON • • ([be ~torp 0' tbe Jl!lation.s. MEDIiEVAL FRANCE. THE STORY OF THE NATIONS I. ROME. By ARTHUR GILMAS, 2g. THE NORMANS. By SARAH lII.A. ORNE JEWETT. 2. THE JEWS. By Prof. J. K. 30. THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE. HOSMER. By C. W. C. O"AN. 3. GERMANY. By Rev. S. BARIXG· 3" SICILY: Phamlcian, Greok and GOULD, M.A. Roman. By the late Prof. E. 4. CARTHAGE. By Prof. ALFRRO A. FREEMAN. J. CHURCH. 32. THE TUSCAN REPUBLICS. 5. ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. By By BELLA DUFFY. Prof. J. P. MAHAFFY. 33. POLAND. By W. R. MO.FILL, 6. THE MOORS IN SPAIN. By M.A. STANLEY LAME-POOLE. 34. PARTHIA. By Prof. GEORGE 7. ANOIENT EGYPT. By Prof. RAWLINSON. GEORGE RAWLINSON. 15. AUSTRALIAN COMIIIION- 8. HUNGARY. By Prof. ARMINIUS WEALTH. By GREVILLE VAMBERY. TREGARTHEN. 9- THE SARACENS. By ARTHUR 36. SPAIN. By H. E. WATTS. GILMAN, M.A. 37. JAPAN. By DAVID JIIURRAV. '0. IRELAND. By the Hon. EMILY PhoD. LA.WLEss. 38. SOUTH AFRICA. By GEORGE n. CHALDEA. By ZENAioE A. M. THEAL. RAGOZIN. 39. VENICE. By ALETHEA WIEL. , •• THE GOTHS. By HENRY BRAD.' ~o. THE CRUSADES. By T. A. LEY. ARCHER and C. L. KI:o.:GSFORD. '3. ASSYRIA. By ZENAioE A. 4" VEDIC INDIA. By Z. A. RA­ RAGOZIN. GOZIN. '4, TURKEY. By STANLEY LANE­ 42. WESTINDIESandtheSPANISH POOLE. MAIH. By JAMES RODWAY. rs. BOLLAND. By Prof. J. E. 43. BOHEMIA. By C. E">tUl<D THOROI.D ROGERS. MAURICE• • 6. MEDIEVAL FRANCE_ By 44. THE BALKANS. By W. JIIILLER, GUSTA'fE 1I.IASSON. JII.A. '7. PERSIA. !ly S. G. W. BEN­ 45. CANADA. By Sir J. G. BOURI. JAl\UN. NOT,LL.D. 18. PH<ENICIA. By Prof. GEO. 46. BRITISH INDIA. By R. W. RAWLINSON. FRAZER, LL.B. '9. MEDIA. By ZENAYDE A. RA­ 47. MODERN FRANCE. By Al<oRE. GOZIN. LE BON. 20. THE HANSA TOWNS. By 48. THE FRANKS. By LEWIS SER­ HELEN Zl!\lelERN. GEANT. ". EARLY BRITAIN. By Prof. 49- AUSTRIA. By SIDNEY WHIT_ ALFRED J. CHURCH. MAN ••• THE BARBARY CORSAIRS. 5"- MODER~ ENGLAND. Before By STANLEY LANE·POOLE. the Re:orm Bill. By JUSTIN '3' RUSSIA. ByW.MoRFILL,M.A. MCCARTHV. '4. THE JEWS UNDER THE 5" CHIN A. By Prof. R. K. DOUGLA"- ROMANS. By W. D. MOR'<I­ 52. MODERN ENGLAND. From the SON. Reform Bill to the Present • f. SCOTLAND. By JOHN MACKIN­ Time. By JUSTIN MCCARTHY • TOSH, LL.D. 53. MODERN SPAIN. By 1IIARTlN • 6. SWITZERLAND. By Mrs. L"u A. S. HU:\IE . HUG and R. STEAD. 54' MODERN ITALY. By P"'TRO '7. MEXICO. By SUSAN HALE. DRS •• • 8. PORTUGAL. By' H. MORSE 55. NORWAY. By H. H. BOVESEN . STEPHENS. 56. WALES. By 0. 1II. EDWARDS. Lo:-:nON: T. FISHF.R UNWIN, ('ATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C. .WALLS• OF CARCASSONNE. c MEDL/EVAL FRANCE FROM THE REIGN OF HUGUES CAPET TO THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. • BY GUSTAVE MASSON, B.A. UNIV. GALLIC., OFPICIER D'ACAoilMIK, MEMBRR OP THB soetina DB L-HISTOIRIr DB FRANCKI ASSISTANT MASTRR AND LIBRARIAN OP HARROW SCHOOL FIFTH EDITION LONDON T. F ISH E RUN WIN PATERNOSTER SQUARE, B.C. Entered at Stationers' HaD By T. FISHER UNWIN VC;3 · J G.S~ 7- 6 1/ «0 MY FRIEND AND COLLEAGUE. M. GUSTAVE RUAULT, ~lfS: FOLLOWING VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED, GUSTAVE MASSON. I'REFACE. .. TilE story of a nation," we conceive, is read, not only in its political annals, in the records of the battle-field, and the details of treaties of peace; but in its social life, in the development of commerce, industry, literature, and the fine arts. Accordingly, whilst attempting througbut the following pages to give the history of Medireval France, we have allowed a large share to what may be called the intellectual side of the subject, more especially tc the formation and progress of national literature. Without pre­ tending to exhaust the topic, we have illustrated it by extracts from several authors, accompat1ied, whenever necessary, by a translation in English. The reader will thus be able to follow at the same time the development of the language; and the glossary at the end of the volume will help him to understand the archaisms used in the original passages quoteJ in the text. We have consulted the best sources for the prepa­ ration of this work, especially the histories of Messrs. Michelet, Dumy, Bordiflt and Charton, DemoHns, and x PREFA.CE. Cherucl (" Dictionnaire des institutions, mc.eurs ct coutumes de la France"). and we trust that it may nut be found unworthy of the series of which it forms a part. GUSTAVE MASSON. CONTENTS. rAGa CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE xxii SOURCES TO CONSULT ON THE -HISTORY OF FRANCE .'ROM HUGur:.S CAPET TO LOUIS XII. xxxi CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ALL THE CHANCELLORS OF FRANCE FRml TilE BEGINNING OF 'rHE CAP ETlAN DYNASTY TO nIE REIGN OF LoUIS XII. -xxxv • GENEALOGY OF THE CAPETIAN KINGS OF FRANCE TO THE REIGN OF LOUIS XII. xxxviii GENEALOGY OF THE CAPF.T1A!'l KINGS OF FRANCE , xl A TABULAR VIEW OF THE STATES· GENERAL FROM THEIR COMMENCEMENT TO THE REIGN OF LOUIS XII. INCWSIVE • xlii xii CONTENTS. PAGB I. THE FIRST FOUR CAPETIAN KINGS (g87-II08). 1-21 The society of the sixth century, 3-Feudal system, S-Feu­ dal fortresses, 7-Feudal dues, 9-Vassals and serfs, JI­ Warlike prelates, 13' -The Church, Is-Attitude of the serfs, 17-Robert of Norm, ndy; Foulques Nerra, I9-Philip I., 21. II. PILGRIMAGES ~TO THE 'HOLY LAND-THE CRU­ SADES-CHIVALRY Council of Clermont, 23- The Crusaders in Asia, 27-" Assi­ ses de Jerusalem," 29-Results of the Crusades, 3 I-Chivalry, 33-Heraldry, 3S-Early French literature, 38-Subjects treated by poets, 39-Chanson de Gestes, 40 - Sirve'l,tcs, 4( -Bertram de Born, 42-Robert \Va~ 43-"Roman de Rou." 44-Richard the Pilgrim, 4S-Philip I., 46. Ill. LoUIS VI. - LOUIS VII. ---' THE COMMUNAL MOVEMENT-ScHOLASTICISM (II 08-II 80) 4i-68 The communal movement, 49-Commune' de Beauvais, 5 (­ France and ~nghind, . 55-France and the Papacy, 5i­ Second Crusade, 59-Sliger, 6I-GI1i1d of Paris merchants, 63 -University of Paris, 6S-Lcuis VI., 66-Abelard, 67. IV. PHI.IP AUGUSTUS~THE CRUSADES-THE ALIlI­ GEN;;ES""':'Louis VIII. (1I80-1226) Richard Ctcur de Lion, 7I-Ballle of BOl1vines, 73-7S-Foul. ques of Neuilly, 77-Conquest of Constantinople, 8J-Philip Augustus, 8;-Crusade against the Albigenses. 83-Heretics and infid~ls, 8S-France under inteldict. 8i. CONTENTS. xiii PAGB V. SAINT LOUIS, TO HIS RETURN FROM HIS FIRST CRUSADE (1226-1254) .., 90 - 108 Louis IX., 91-Joinville, 93-The English in France, 95 -Louis IX. and the CruS4lle, 9,,-Joinville and Villehar· douin,99-nattle of :t.[ansurah, loo-The plague, 101-The Queen of France, 102-The French leave Egypt, 104-Death of Blanche of Castile, lOS-The PastoureauJ:, loo-The )Jaster of Hungary, 107. VI. SAINT LOUIS; END OF THE REIGN-LITERA­ TURE, ARTS, AND SCIENCES DURING THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY (1254-1270)." 109-132 La", reforms, 110, IIi-St. Louis as a judge, 113-Roads; Coinage, 114~Trade and industry, liS, 116-Administration and govemm1!nt, il7-Foundations created by Saint Louis, 1It1-Saint Louis starts for. another crusade, 119-Literature. 120-" Chansons de Gesie," 121-"Roman de 13 Rose," 122 -Rutebeuf; Marie de France. 12J-The drama. 124-Thi­ baut de Champn,,"lIe, US-Pulpit eloquence, 126--,Church architecture, 127-The fine arts, IJo-Music, 13r-IndustriaI arts, 132. VII. PHILIP ilL-PHILIP IV. (I27<>-:-I3i4) Philip III. ; Charles d'Anjou, 134-The Sicilian Vespers, 13S -Philip III. makes "jar with Spain, IJ6-rPierre de la BrosSe,_ I 37-Mary of Brabant, 13S-Philip IV., I39-Low state of the exchequer, 14o-Philip IV. and the English, 141-Philip . IV. and the Flemings. 142-B.lttle of Courtrai, 14J-Philip IV. and the Church, 144-Arrest of Bernard Saisset, 14S-Bull .. Ausculta, Fili," 146-Guillaume de Nogaret, 1ol7-Popes Boniface VIII. and Beue<lJict Xl., 148-The Kilights-Temp- xiv CONTENTS. PAGR lar, 149-" Roman de Fauvel," ISo-States-Generalof 1302, ISI-Fifty-four knights burnt to death, IS2. ',.VIII. PHILIP THE FAIR - LOUIS X. - PHILIP V.- CHARLES IV.-PHILIP VI. (1314-1328) 153-170 The Paris Parliament, IS4-Jean Buridan, ISS-Louis X., Ie Hutin, Is6-Enguerrand de Marigny, IS7-The Salic law, ISS-Reform of the aristocracy, IS9-Jews and Lepers, 160- Charles Ie Bel, 161-Severity of the Paris Parliament, 162- The Hundred V ears' ,War, 163-Rebellion in Flanders, 164- Battle of Cassel, 16S-Defeat of the Flemings, 166-Froissart, 167-9-Sir John Bourchier on history, 170. IX. PHILIP VI. (CONCLUDED) - THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR (1328-1350) . 171-187 The Brewer Arteveldt, 172-The Duchy 01 Brittany, 173- Charles of Blois, 174-Siege of Hennebon, 17S-Truce of 1346, I 76-Death of Clisson, 177-The English in France, 17S -Battle of Cressy, 179-The Genoese archers. ISo_Death of the King of Bohemia, lSI-Siege of Calais, 182-Eustachede Saint Pierre, iJ!3-Calais an English COIOIlY, 184-The,black death, ISS-Philip's home administration, I 86-Territorial acquisitions, IS7. X. JOHIif IT.-THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR (CON­ TINUED) - ETIENNE MARCEL - THE JAC- QUERIE (1350-1364) . 188~209 Charles Ie Mauvais, IS9-The States-General. 190-Financial measures, 191-Battle of Poitiers, 192-Errors and bravery of the kmg. 193-King John surrendeR;. 194-The French king CONTENTS. xv rAGB in England, 196-Travels to Windsor, 197 -Marcel and' Lecoq, 198-" La grande ordonnance," 199-Revolution in Paris, zoo-Reaction in the provinces, zOI-Jacques Bon.