32 33 Historical Timeline A PERSPECTIVE ON PARADISE: RECOUNTING OUR FIRST HUNDRED YEARS AND ANTICIPATING OUR SECOND CENTURY 2009 | Wynwood Walls is founded 2010 | Port of Miami Tunnel This timeline traces the city, occupying the heart of the institutions and the begins construction. Unites 2001 | Network Access Point States Southern Command [NAP] of the Americas is development of our a growing metropolis. An infrastructure of a significant Headquarters moves to built in downtown Miami Doral.` metropolitan region from the aggregate of multiple centers postwar expansion. Home, 2002 | Art Basel Miami Beach is 2011 | The New World founded. years before its founding to independently conceived, by midcentury, to permanent, Symphony moves to its new The Four Seasons Hotel is home: The New World Center completed becoming the tallest the present day, following the inaugural urbanization of year-round residents, Miami Concert Hall building in the State of Florida. the arc of its environmental, Greater Miami was a product simultaneously solidified 2012 | Metrorail is extends westward to the Miami International Airport and a technological, political, and of sequential building booms its standing as a tourist 2005 | Construction begins on new intermodal Midtown, an urban residential/ cultural complexities. In between the two World destination and its nascent transit station. retail development on the site of that process, it sets the Wars. Year-round warmth, aspirations as an international an abandoned FEC rail yard, and located north of Downtown Miami stage for a new Miami, water, and sunshine made Pan American presence. between the Miami Design District and the Wynwood/ Edgewater one that will emerge in the tourism and farming the chief neighborhood. years ahead, as our region enticements of its earliest The social and political Midtown is home to the December Art Miami Fair. responds to a wholly new development. upheavals of the postwar The City of Cutler Bay is set of challenges. A broad years –played out on stages incorporated. array of environmental Driven by forces in equal international and domestic-- changes will undoubtedly be parts vision and ambition, profoundly transformed a critical component of in this built for profit at breakneck the young city. Miami was evolution. They will challenge speed, the foundational shaken, shattered, re- us to first imagine --and then centers of the metropolis imagined and re-built after create-- an ever more vibrant, invoked ready-made histories new and unexpected floods resilient and magical Miami. and envisioned landscapes –not only of wind and of for their elaborate narratives water, but also of equality and 2006 | The Carnival Created over a century of of paradise. Played out in the civil rights, of migration and Centre for the Performing Arts [CCPA] opens its booms and busts, shaped by large-scale reshaping of land immigration, of revolution, concert and opera halls spurts of growth so rapid as and water, Greater Miami and of exile. The mettle of June: The Miami Heat wins to have arrived in the public was a deliberate paradise, this young city has been The City of Miami Historic Preservation imagination (nearly) overnight not so much discovered as repeatedly tested over the Board designates the and (almost) fully formed, designed –and meticulously course of its history. Miami MiMo [Miami Modern] Biscayne Boulevard Miami has long been a engineered. Hurricanes and has proven, with each trial, Historic District 2008 | The CCPA is “magic” city. The passage of financial crises devastated remarkably resilient. It is a renamed the Arsht one hundred years arguably the city in the early decades quality that, over the coming 2013 | December: Center for the Performing Perez Art Museum of Arts. nuances that image, not of the twentieth century. century, will serve it well. Miami moves to a new waterfront location. dissolving its enchantment The metropolitan region The Frost Museum of Science, currently but buttressing the illusion re-built itself, developing under construction. The with substance. Incorporated a distinct idiom of tropical Miami Heat wins a third NBA Championship. in 1896, Miami is a young modernism to construct 2014 | The Port of Miami Tunnel commences operations 34 35 1988 | Franchised in 1987, the Miami Heat, an 1973 | Maurice Ferre, native of 1947 | Al Capone dies in Miami Beach. 1936 | The Miami area begins to emerge The Rickenbacker Causeway opens, linking Key Biscayne and Virginia from the Great Depression –ahead of other NBA team, is founded. Puerto Rico, is Key to Miami. areas in the U.S. 38 tourist hotels, 110 The Miami Arena opens. It hosts multiple pro- 1976 | The Spanish language Marjory Stoneman Douglas publishes The Everglades: River of Grass. apartment buildings, and 320 homes were President Harry S. Truman dedicates the new National Park. constructed in Miami and Miami Beach. fessional and collegiate insert El Herald Discriminatory signs are banned from places of business by Miami sports teams until its demolition in 2008. The begins circulation to supplement Beach ordinance. 1937 | Another 150 hotels and 508 apartment 1997 | Voters approve name change 1954 | The Fontainebleau Hotel opens on Collins Avenue The Cities of Bay Harbor Islands, West Miami, and Virginia Gardens buildings are erected. 1921 | James Bright and Glenn Curtiss plat and begin original construction, The Miami Herald 1961 | April 17: Sponsored by the from Dade County are incorporated. to sell land in the subdivision of Hialeah. located in Overtown/ Park West, is controver- for Miami’s Latin population. CIA, the Bay of Pigs A project of the New Deal’s Works Progress to Miami-Dade County. 1955 | The Eden Roc Hotel opens next door to the 1948 | Miami businessman Charles Winters provides B-17 bombers Administration [WPA], the Coral Gables 1922 | Bayshore Golf Course is built. sial, as it requires substantial The Miami Design Preservation Invasion of Cuba fails. Gianni Versace is murdered on the Fontainebleau. Public Library is completed. Fulford-by-the-Sea, later named North Miami, is platted neighborhood demolition. League is formed to Construction of Interstate-95 reach- The Towns of Miramar and Margate are incorporated. Neutrality Act in 1949. and begins land sales. steps of his Ocean The Saxony, Casablanca and Sans Souci Hotels open. All have Liberty Square, a 753-unit public housing 1989 | advance the preservation of Mi- es Miami. It is the Drive estate, Casa Casuarina. 1956 | The Miami International Airport Terminal Building elements of the new International style. project of the New Deal’s Public Works 1924 | The Florida Legislature passes laws that ban immigration to Miami. ami’s historical built suburban expansion and reshape opens. Administration [PWA] opens in Liberty City. state income and inheritance taxes. The City of Sunny Isles Beach is in- 1949 | The South Florida Water Management District is founded to MIAMI 1980 Metrorail connects to the Tri-Rail metropolitan heritage. the city. corporated. yawdaoR dna yawhgih noitcurtsnoc snalp era :devorppa Edison Court, a 345-unit public housing 1925 | The Cities of Coral Gables and Hialeah are commuter line. 1977 | Anita Bryant leads a suc- 1962 | October: The Cuban Missile A North-South expressway [now part of I-95]; an East- The Junior Museum of Miami, precursor to the Patricia and Phillip project of the New Deal’s Public Works incorporated. Jorge Mas Canosa, controversial and West Expressway [now the Dolphin Expressway/ Frost Museum of Science, opens. In 1960, it moves to the Vizcaya Administration [PWA], opens in Lemon City. The City of Miami annexes Coconut Grove, Lemon City 2,253,779 The Everglades National Park Protection and cessful crusade Crisis resolves. prominent Cuban SR 836]; a 36th Street Expressway [now the Airport Farm House complex. A permanent home at Miami Museum Park is and other area neighborhoods, nearly quadrupling in Expansion Act enables against a Miami Human Right Or- The USSR withdraws its weapons Expressway /SR 112] and the Palmetto Expressway/ under construction, scheduled for completion in 2015. Aviators Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan size and becoming Greater Miami. exile leader, dies in Miami. Head of SR 826. These projects are completed through the depart Miami to circumnavigate the globe, to restore its natural hydrology. dinance to protect from the island, and the Cuban American 1960s and the early 1970s. The construction of I-95 1950 | At local, State and Federal levels, the policies, laws and 1926 | The Cities of Miami Springs, North Miami, 1990 | The John S. and James L. Knight Foun- individuals from discrimination on the U.S. agrees to refrain from in- and SR 836 destroys much of Miami’s Overtown. practices of segregation are overturned piece by piece. Racial North Miami Beach, Opa-locka and South Miami are National Foundation[CANF], he is in- tensions and confrontations, often supported by the KKK, increase. incorporated. dation relocates its the basis of sexual vading Cuba without strumental in the 1957 | The Sunshine State Parkway [now the Florida The Miami Herald wins a Pulitzer Prize for it s reports on organized The Burdine Stadium [renamed the Orange headquarters from Akron Ohio to Miami, Flori- orientation. direct provocation. crime in the city. Bowl in 1959] opens. It is demolished and September 18: The Great Miami Hurricane strikes. creation of Radio and TV Marti. replaced in 2008. Winds of up to 145 miles per hour devastate the city 2000 Anticipating vast suburban expan- South Beach Wine and Food Festival 1959 | January: Fidel Castro comes to power in Cuba, and its environs. Estimated damages top $105 million. sion in Miami aided ousting Fulgencio Batista. Cuban refugees begin to The City of El Portal is incorporated. The hurricane, coupled with the Great Depression that begins at the by the construction of the Palmetto depart the island for Miami. follows shortly afterward, lead to the end of the Miami Florida International University Bis- 1939 | A project of the New Deal’s Works Land Boom.