SPECIAL REPORT OF THE PROTECTOR OF CITIZENS REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN DECISION-MAKING POSITIONS, AND THE POSITION AND ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL GENDER EQUALITY MECHANISMS IN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT UNITS IN SERBIA Belgrade May 2018 Publisher Protector of Citiizens For publisher Zoran Pašalić Editor Gordana Sevanović Authors Nataša Jović Borjana Peruničić Consultant Višnja Baćanović Circulation 250 copies Year of publishing 2018 Prepress Underdog Printing ??? Disclaimer: The views herein expressed are solely those of the authors and contributors and do not necessarily refl ect the offi cial position of the OSCE Mission to Serbia. ȏ ȯ SpecialȏǼ reportȤȓțȎ ȟ ofȠȎ theȷȎ ȖProtectorȝȞȓȝȜȞ ȡȘof ȓcitizensȯ ContentsI INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................ǼȄdzǻǮ ǿȀǮǩǮ Ƕ ǽǾdzǽǼǾȁǸdz .................... 7 Research by the Protector of Citizens .................................................................................................................9 ASSESSMENTȁ ȝȜȟȠȡȝȘȡ Ȗ OFȟȝȖȠȖȐ THE ȎSITUATIONȷȎ țȎȥȖțȎ ANDȝșȎ țȖȞRECOMMENDATIONSȎȷȎ Ȗ ȟȝȞȜȐȜȯȓȷȎ .............................................12 ȜȏȡȘȎ ȕȎȝȜȟșȓțȖȣ ȘȜȵȖ ȖȚȎASSESSMENTȵȡ ȒȡȔțȜȟȠȒ OFȎ THEȝȜȟȠȡȝȎ SITUATIONȵȡ ȝȞȖșȖȘ ...................................................................................................ȜȚ ȟȎȕțȎȷȎ Ȝ țȎȟȖȶȡ țȎȒ ȔȓțȎȚȎ ȡ ȝȜȞȜ............12ȒȖȤȖ Ȗ ȝȎȞȠțȓȞȟȘȖRECOMMENDATIONSȚ ȜȒțȜȟȖȚȎ .............................................................................................................., ǵȎȦȠȖȠțȖȘ ȑȞȎȯȎțȎ ȡȠȐȞȒȖȜ ȵȓ: ......................14 RESEARCH FINDINGS ......................................................................................................................... 18 (1) Participation of women and1 men in decision-making ..................................................................................18 ǵȎȝȜȟșȓțȖȚQuotas ........................................................................................................................Ȏ ȡ ȜȞȑȎțȖȚȎ țȖȵȓ Ȝȏȓȕȏȓȯȓț ȒȜȐȜȶȎț ȏȞȜȵ ȜȏȡȘȎ Ȝ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȖ........................................18 ȔȓțȎ ȜȒ țȎȟȖȶȎ ȡ ȝȜȞȜȒȖȤLocal CommunityȖ Ȗ ȝȎȞȠțȓȞȟȘȖ Councils Ț.....................................................................................................ȜȒțȜȟȖȚȎ Ȗ ȜȏȡȘȎ Ȝ ȟȎȒȞȔȎȵȡ Ȗ ȝȞȖȚȓțȖ ǼȝȦȠȓ.........................19ȑ Ȗ ȝȜȟȓȏțȖȣ 2 ȝȞȜȠȜȘȜșMunicipal/CityȎ ȕȎ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȡ Assemblies Ȕȓț ....................................................................................................Ȏ ȜȒ țȎȟȖȶȎ . ǿȎȚȜ 14% ȕȒȞȎȐȟȠȐȓțȖȣ ȞȎȒțȖȘȎ ȵȓ...........................20 ȝȜȣȎȯȎșȜ ȜȐȓ ȜȏȡȘȓMayors, ȠȎȥȎț andȏȞȜ Municipalȵ țȜȟȖșȎȤ Presidents................................................................................................Ȏ ȝȞȎȐȜȟȡȒțȓ ȢȡțȘȤȖȵȓ ȘȜȵȖ ȟȡ ȜȐȓ ȜȏȡȘȓ ȝȜȣȎȯȎșȖ .....................21țȖȵȓ ȝȜȕțȎȠ, Ȏ ȕȒȞMunicipalȎȐȟȠȐȓțȓ and ȚȓȒȖ Cityȵ ȎȠȜȞȘCouncilsȓ Ȗ..................................................................................................ȝȓȒȎȑȜȦȘȖ ȎȟȖȟȠȓțȠȖ țȖȟȡȜȏȡȥȎȐȎțȖ Ȝ ȕȎȦȠȖȠ.........................22Ȗ ȔȓțȎ ȜȒ țȎȟȖLocalȶȎ. Self-Government Unit Administrations ..................................................................................................22 Representation of Roma national minority and persons with disabilities .........................................................23 Perception of under-representation of women, and (men2) and women from marginalized groups ....................23 ǻȓȒȜȐȜȶțLocal GenderȜ ȟȓ EqualityȜȞȑȎțȖȕȡ Mechanismsȵȡ ȚȡșȠȖȒȖȟȤȖȝșȖțȎ ..............................................................................................Ȟțȓ ȜȏȡȘȓ Ȝ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȖ ȔȓțȎ ȜȒ țȎȟȖȶ...................24Ȏ3, țȎȚȓ- About the mechanisms .......................................................................................................................................24 ȷȓțȓ ȖȟȠȜȐȞȓȚȓțȜȚ ȜȏȡȥȎȐȎȷȡ ȕȎȝȜȟșȓțȖȣ ȡ ȞȎȕșȖȥȖȠȖȚ ȜȞȑȎțȖȚȎ, ȡ ȤȖȶȡ ȝȜȒȖȕȎȷȎ ȟȠȓ- Working Bodies for Gender Equality – Form and Composition of the Mechanisms .........................................25 ȝȓțȎGenderȞȎȕȡȚȓȐȎȷȎ equality jobȟȐȖ titleȣ ȡ andșȜȑ position,Ȏ ȡ ȝȞȜȤȓȟ and ȡtheȕȎȦȠȖȠȓ designatedȔȓ personțȎ ȜȒ responsiblețȎȟȖȶȎ Ȗ ȵȎȥȎȷȡ Ȗ ȡțȎȝȞȓȯȖȐȎȷȡ ȚȡșȠȖȟȓȘȠȜȞȟȘȜfor gender equality............................................................................................................ȑ Ȗ ȖțȠȓȞȒȖȟȤȖȝșȖțȎȞțȜȑ ȝȞȖȟȠȡȝȎ ȡ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȖ ȔȓțȎ ȜȒ..................................28țȎȟȖȶȎ ȡ ȝȜȞȜȒȖ- ȤȖ ȖDocumentsȝȎȞȠțȓȞ ȟȘȖȚregulating ȜȒțȜȟȖȚȎ the functioning. of mechanisms .....................................................................................31 Local documents in the fi eld of gender equality .................................................................................................32 Activities of gender equality mechanisms ......................................................................................(3) ....................34 ǽȜȟȠȜȵ FinancingȖ țȓȡȵȓȒțȎȥȓțȜȟ of the activitiesȠ ȡ ofȏȞȜȵȡ local gender ȜȏȡȘȎ equalityȜ ȕȎȦȠ bodiesȖȠȖ Ȕ..................................................................ȓțȎ ȜȒ țȎȟȖȶȎ țȎȚȓȷȓțȖȣ ȕȎȝȜȟșȓț..............38ȖȚȎ ȡ ȟȜȤȖIntegrationȵȎșțȜ ȵofȕ ȎȦȠȖȠȖgender perspective, ȝȜșȖȤȖȵȖ into, ȝȞ localȎȐȜȟȡȒțȖ policiesȚ andȜȞȑȎțȖȚ cross-sectoralȎ, ȕȒȞȎȐȟȠȐȓțȖ cooperationȚ ȡȟ ...............................39ȠȎțȜȐȎȚȎ, ȡȟȠȎ- țȜGender-sensitiveȐȎȚȎ ȜȏȞȎȕȜȐȎȷȎ statisticsȖ ȐȎȟ ȝ ..................................................................................................ȖȠȎȷȎ Ȗ ȜȞȑȎțȖȚȎ ȒȞȔȎȐțȓ ȡȝȞȎȐȓ, ȘȎȜ Ȗ ȡ ȜȏȡȣȐȎȠȡ...............................45ȕȎȝȜȟșȓțȖȣ ȘȜȵȖ ȟȡ Ƞȓ ȜȏȡȘȓ ȝȜȣȎȯȎșȖ. ANNEX 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 47 QUESTIONNAIRES SENT TO LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT(4) UNITS ......................................... 47 4 ANNEXǼȞȑȎțȖ 2Ȗ .......................................................................................................................ȜȞȑȎțȖȕȎȠȜȞȖ ȜȏȡȘȎ țȖȟȡ ȡȟȝȜȟȠȎȐȖșȖ (ȎȒȓȘȐȎȠțȓ) ȓȐȖȒȓțȤȖȵ............................ȓ Ȝ ȜȏȡȘȎȚȎ 54Ȝ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȖ ȔȓțȎ ȜȒ țȎȟȖȶȎ, ȟȎȒȞȔȎȵȡ Ȗ ȤȖȶȓȐȖȚȎ ȜȏȡȘȎ Ȗ ȏȞȜȵȡ ȕȎȝȜȟșȓțȖȣ ȘȜȵȖ ȟȡ ȜȏȡȘȓ ȝȜȣȎLEGALȯȎș ANDȖ, țȎ STRATEGICȜȟțȜȐȡ ȘȜȵȖ ȣFRAMEWORKȏȖ ȚȜȑșȖ ȒȎ ȝȞFORȎȠ ȓTHEȏȞȜ ACHIEVEMENTȵ ȜȏȡȥȎȐȎțȖȣ ȕȎȝȜȟșȓț OF Ȗȣ, ȟȠȓȝȓț Ȝȏȡȥȓ- țȜȟȠGENDERȖ, ȓȢ EQUALITYȖȘȎȟțȜȟȠ Ȝȏ ATȡȘ ȎTHE, ȝȞȖȚȓț LOCALȡ ȟ ȠLEVELȓȥȓțȜȑ INȕț ȎTHEȷȎ ȖREPUBLICȒȞȡȑȓ ȝȎȞ OFȎȚȓȠ SERBIAȞȓȜȒ ȕ .......................țȎȥȎȵȎ ȕȎ ȜȞȑ 54Ȏ- țȖȕȎȤȖȵȡ ȞȎȒȎ țȎ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȖ ȔȓțȎ ȜȒ țȎȟȖȶȎ Ȗ ȝșȎțȖȞȎȷȓ ȒȎȶȓȑ ȜȏȡȥȎȐȎȷȎ. 1 ǽȜȵȎȚ „ȜȞȑȎțȖ”, ȕȎ ȝȜȠȞȓȏȓ ȜȐȜȑ ǶȕȐȓȦȠȎȵȎ, ȜȏȡȣȐȎȠȎ ȟȐȓ ȜȞȑȎțȓ, ȜȞȑȎțȖȕȎȤȖȵȓ, ȡȟȠȎțȜȐȓ Ȗ ȟșȡȔȏȓ ȡ ȥȖȵȜȵ ȟȡ țȎȒșȓȔțȜȟȠȖ ȝȞȓȐȓțȤȖȵȎ, ȟȡȕȏȖȵȎȷȓ Ȗ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȎ ȔȓțȎ ȜȒ țȎȟȖȶȎ, Ȗ ȠȜ: ǺȖțȖȟȠȎȞȟȠȐȜ ȡțȡȠȞȎȦȷȖȣ ȝȜȟșȜȐȎ, ǺȖțȖȟȠȎȞȟȠȐȜ ȕȎ ȞȎȒ, ȕȎȝȜȦȶȎȐȎȷȓ, ȏȜȞȎȥȘȎ Ȗ ȟȜȤȖȵȎșțȎ ȝȖȠȎȷȎ, ǺȖțȖȟȠȎȞȟȠȐȜ ȝȞȎȐȒȓ, ǺȖțȖȟȠȎȞȟȠȐȜ ȕȒȞȎȐȶȎ, ǺȖțȖȟȠȎȞȟȠȐȜ ȝȞȜȟȐȓȠȓ, țȎȡȘȓ Ȗ ȠȓȣțȜșȜȦȘȜȑ ȞȎȕȐȜȵȎ, ȟȡȒȜȐe, ȠȡȔȖșȎȦȠȐȎ, ȡȟȠȎțȜȐȓ ȟȜȤȖȵȎșțȓ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȓ, ȕȒȞȎȐȟȠȐȓțȓ ȡȟȠȎțȜȐȓ Ȗ ȡȟȠȎțȜȐȓ ȜȏȞȎȕȜȐȎȷȎ Ȗ ȐȎȟȝȖȠȎȷȎ. 2 ǼȝȦȠȖ ȝȞȜȠȜȘȜș Ȝ ȝȜȟȠȡȝȎȷȡ Ȗ ȟȎȞȎȒȷȖ ȡȟȠȎțȜȐȎ ȜȞȑȎțȎ Ȗ ȜȞȑȎțȖȕȎȤȖȵȎ ȡ ȟȖȠȡȎȤȖȵȎȚȎ țȎȟȖȶȎ țȎȒ ȔȓțȎȚȎ ȡ ȝȜȞȜȒȖȤȖ ȖȝȎȞȠțȓȞȟȘȖȚ ȜȒțȜȟȖȚȎ, ǽȜȟȓȏȎț ȝȞȜȠȜȘȜș ǺȖțȖȟȠȎȞȟȠȐȎ ȕȒȞȎȐȶȎ ǾȓȝȡȏșȖȘȓ ǿȞȏȖȵȓ ȕȎ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȡ Ȗ ȝȜȟȠȡȝȎȷȓ ȟȎ ȔȓțȎȚȎ ȘȜȵȓ ȟȡ ȖȕșȜȔȓțȓ țȎȟȖȶȡ, ǽȜȟȓȏȎț ȝȞȜȠȜȘȜș Ȝ ȝȜȟȠȡȝȎȷȡ ȝȜșȖȤȖȵȟȘȖȣ ȟșȡȔȏȓțȖȘȎ ȡ ȟșȡȥȎȵȓȐȖȚȎ țȎȟȖȶȎ țȎȒ ȔȓțȎȚȎ ȡ ȝȜȞȜȒȖȤȖ ȖȝȎȞȠțȓȞȟȘȖȚ ȜȒțȜȟȖȚȎ, ǽȜȟȓȏȎț ȝȞȜȠȜȘȜș Ȝ ȝȜȟȠȡȝȎȷȡ ȤȓțȠȎȞȎ ȕȎ ȟȜȤȖȵȎșțȖ ȞȎȒȒ - ȜȞȑȎțȎ ȟȠȎȞȎȠȓȶȟȠȐȎ ȡ ȟșȡȥȎȵȓȐȖȚȎ țȎȟȖȶȎ țȎȒ ȔȓțȎȚȎ ȡ ȝȜȞȜȒȖȤȖ Ȗ ȡ ȝȎȞȠțȓȞȟȘȖȚ ȜȒțȜȟȖȚȎ, ǽȜȟȓȏțȖ ȝȞȜȠȜȘȜș ȕȎ ȝȞȎȐȜȟȡȯȓ ȡ ȟșȡȥȎȵȓȐȖȚȎ țȎȟȖȶȎ țȎȒȔȓțȎȚȎ ȡ ȝȜȞȜȒȖȤȖ ȖȝȎȞȠțȓȞȟȘȖȚ ȜȒțȜȟȖȚȎ. 3 ǽȜȵȎȚ „oȏȡȘȓ Ȝ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȖ ȔȓțȎ ȜȒ țȎȟȖȶȎ”, ȕȎ ȝȜȠȞȓȏȓ ȜȐȜȑ ǶȕȐȓȦȠȎȵȎ, ȜȒțȜȟȖ ȟȓ țȎ ȜȏȡȘȓ Ȝ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȖ ȔȓțȎ ȜȒ țȎȟȖȶȎ ȡ ȝȜȞȜȒȖȤȖ Ȗ ȝȎȞȠțȓȞȟȘȖȚ ȜȒțȜȟȖȚȎ ȖȜȏȡȘȓ Ȝ ȟȎȒȞȔȎȵȡ Ȗ ȝȞȖȚȓțȖ ǼȝȦȠȓȑ Ȗ ȝȜȟȓȏțȖȣ ȝȞȜȠȜȘȜșȎ ȕȎ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȡ ȔȓțȎ ȜȒ țȎȟȖȶȎ. 4 ǽȜȵȎȚ „ȜȞȑȎțȖȕȎȠȜȞȖ ȜȏȡȘȎ”, ȕȎ ȝȜȠȞȓȏȓ ȜȐȜȑ ǶȕȐȓȦȠȎȵȎ, ȜȏȡȣȐȎȠȎ ȜȞȑȎțȓ, ȜȞȑȎțȖȕȎȤȖȵȓ Ȗ ȟșȡȔȏȓ ȘȜȵȓ ȟȓ ȏȎȐȓ ȎȘȞȓȒȖȠȎ- ȤȖȵȜȚ Ȗ ȝșȎțȖȞȎȷȓȚ ȜȏȡȘȎ, ȖȠȜ: ǺȖțȖȟȠȎȞȟȠȐȜ ȡțȡȠȞȎȦȷȖȣ ȝȜȟșȜȐȎ (ȘȜȵȓ ȟȎȚȜȟȠȎșțȜ ȎȘȞȓȒȖȠȡȵȓ, ȝșȎțȖȞȎ Ȗ ȜȞȑȎțȖȕȡȵȓ AllȜ ȏtermsȡȘȓ), Ǿȓȝȡ in thisȏșȖȥȘ textȖ ȕ ȎȐȜexpressedȒ ȕȎ ȟȜȤȖ inȵȎșțȡ theȕ ȎȦȠȖȠȡgrammatical, ǽȞȎȐȜȟȡȒțȎ masculine ȎȘȎȒȓȚȖ gender,ȵȎ, ǿșȡȔ shallȏȎ ȕȎ implyȡȝȞȎȐȶȎȷ theȓ naturalȘȎȒȞȜȐȖȚ masculineȎ, ǸȜȚȜȞȎ ȟȜȤȖȵȎșțȓ ȕȎȦȠȖȠȓ, ǹȓȘȎȞȟȘȎ ȘȜȚȜȞȎ ǿȞȏȖȵȓ, ǸȜȚȜȞȎ ȚȓȒȖȤȖțȟȘȖȣ ȟȓȟȠȎȞȎ Ȗ ȕȒȞȎȐȟȠȐȓțȖȣ ȠȓȣțȖȥȎȞȎ ǿȞȏȖȵȓ, ǸȜȚȜȞȎ andȕȒ ȞfeminineȎȐȟȠȐȓțȖȣ genderȡȟȠȎțȜȐȎ ofǿȞȏȖȵ personsȓ, ǵȒȞ ȎȐȟȠȐȓțthey referȖ ȟȎȐȓ to.Ƞ ǿȞȏȖȵȓ. 75 ȏ ȯ SpecialȏǼ reportȤȓțȎ ȟ ofȠȎ theȷȎ ȖProtectorȝȞȓȝȜȞ ȡȘof ȓcitizensȯ INTRODUCTIONI The Republic of Serbia has ratiǼȄfi eddzǻǮ internationalǿȀǮǩǮ documentsǶ ǽǾdzǽǼ ǾȁǸand developeddz national instruments for the prevention of gender-based discrimination and the achievement of gender equality. By ȁtheȝ adoptionȜȟȠȡȝȘȡ ofȖ ȟtheȝȖȠȖȐ NationalȎȷȎ țStrategyȎȥȖțȎ forȝș ȎthețȖȞ AchievementȎȷȎ Ȗ ȟȝȞȜȐȜ of GenderȯȓȷȎ ȜȏȡȘ EqualityȎ ȕȎ ȝbyȜȟ 2020șȓțȖ andȣ ȘȜ theȵȖ ȖȚȎaccompanyingȵȡ ȒȡȔțȜȟ ActionȠȒȎ ȝȜȟȠȡȝȎ Plan forȵȡ theȝȞȖșȖȘ periodȜȚ 2018-2020ȟȎȕțȎȷ andȎ Ȝ thețȎȟ SecondȖȶȡ ț ȎȒNationalȔȓțȎȚ ActionȎ ȡ ȝ ȜPlanȞȜȒȖȤȖ for theȖ ȝȎȞȠțȓȞȟȘȖImplementationȚ ȜȒțȜȟȖȚȎ of United, NationsǵȎȦȠȖȠțȖ SecurityȘ ȑȞȎ CouncilȯȎțȎ ȡȠȐȞȒȖ ResolutionȜ ȵȓ: 1325 - Women, Peace and Securi- ty, as well as the introduction of gender-responsive budgeting, signifi cant steps have been taken in the implementation of gender equality policies. Manuals1 and model documents2 have been (1) developed, and training3 carried out aimed at capacity building of local mechanisms and employ-