INDEX A aquaponics 310 Australian Flying Corps 538 Aboriginal peoples aquariums 359 Australian foreign policy 558–61 food sourcing 229–30, 231–2 aquatic biomes 202 Australian Greens 6 land management 229, 231 arbitration 48 Australian Human Rights sustainable lifestyle 229 Arkwright, James 419 Commission Act 1986 (Cth) 61 use of fire 230–1 Armenia 524 Australian Imperial Force (AIF) 528 see also Indigenous Australians Ashley Cooper, Anthony (Lord 5th Division 538 active consumerism 304 Ashley) 470 casualties 540, 559 active travel 330 Asia–Pacific region, Australia enlistment for 525, 526 adversary system 36 and 560–1 in France 538–40 Africa, biofuel crops 281 assisted migration, to Indigenous Australian Age Discrimination Act 2004 Australia 499–500 soldiers 544 (Cth) 61 Australia recruitment campaigns 543–4 age pension 137 as food bowl for Asia 308–9 Australian justice system ageing population 180 Australian Aid 384–5, 386 appeals 66–8 agribusiness 239 Australian Constitution, separation of bribery 68 agricultural revolution 397 powers 63 coercion of witnesses 69 business approach to farming 402 Australian economy court delays 70–1 enclosure 399–400, 440–4 business sector 84–5 equality before the law 61–2 new techniques 400–2 capital 85 independence of the open-field farming 398–9 definition 81–2 judiciary 63–5 agricultural technicians 188 enterprise 85 principles 59 agriculture financial sector 86–7 trial by media 70 genetically modified crops 297 and global events 102–5 Australian Labor Party (ALP) 5, Green Revolution 234, 235 and global financial crisis 103–4 547, 548 greenhouses 237, 296 government sector 87–8 Australian legal system 36 modification of biomes 236–8 and growth of Chinese Australian and New Zealand Army shifting agriculture 228 economy 102–3 Corps (ANZAC) 526, 528, subsistence agriculture 226, household sector 83–4 531–3 230, 398 imports 114–16 Australian Prudential Regulation types in Australia 239–41 key economic questions 89–92 Authority (APRA) 128 urban farming 309–10 labour 84 Australian Trade Commission water use 295 land 84 (Austrade) 369 world distribution 221 natural disasters and 104–5 Australian War Memorial 511 yields, factors affecting objectives 89–92 Australian Women’s National 221–2, 294 participants 83–8 League 545 aid, Australia as donor 384–5 relationship between households Austria, declares war on Serbia 520 Allies Day 542 COPYRIGHTEDand business 85–6 MATERIALAustro-Hungarian Empire 467, 519 altitude, and climate 214 trade 99–101 authorised deposit-taking institutions American Revolution 406, 490 Australian Electoral Commission 5, (ADIs) 128 anti-Chinese riots 506 9–10 automotive industry see car industry anti-conscription movement Australian electoral system 548, 549 compulsory voting 9–10 B anti-discrimination agencies 47 fixed or maximum terms for backbenchers 26–7 anti-war sentiment 542, 545, 550 parliament 10 bail 43 Anzac Day 542, 555–6, 557 one vote, one value 10–11 Bakewell, Robert 401–2 Anzac legend 528, 555–7 preferential voting 11–12 balance of trade 100 appeal, right of 66, 67–8 principles 8 Balkans 518, 519–20 appeals, procedure 67 proportional representation 12–14 Ballarat, mobility map 339 appellants 66 secret ballot 8–9, 33 Banking Act 1959 (Cth) 128 appellate jurisdiction 66 single member and multimember banking sector, deregulation 128 aquaculture, fish farming 257, electorates 11 banking system 409 260–1 universal suffrage 9 bankruptcy 139 INDEX 575 BMIndex.indd Page 575 31/10/17 10:08 AM banks 128, 129 population explosion, impact chimney sweeps 452 Banks, Joseph 492 of 412 China Barker, Tom 541 population growth in eighteenth economic growth 102–3 barrier reefs 210 century 394, 410–12, 440 foreign-owned enterprises 380 Bean, Charles 533–4 public health reform 472–3 Chinese immigrants 506 Bedouin people 227 social problems 489 Chinese New Year 359–61 Bell, Alexander Graham 432 social unrest 459–60 Churchill, Winston 528 Bertalli’s Alpine Breads 146 Swing Riots 443, 456 cities BHP Billiton 167 trade unions 461–2 accessibility 337 biodiesel 379 urbanisation and encroachment on agricultural biodiversity overcrowding 453 land 280 in Australia 269 workhouses 457–8 providing equal access 337–8 loss of 252, 267–9 see also Industrial Revolution civil law 37 biofuels 279–80 British East India Company Clarkson, Thomas 487 biomes 403–4 clearfelling 213 and food security 313–15 British Empire climate climate and 211, 213–14 and Industrial Revolution altitude and 214 conversion to agriculture 268 397, 406 biomes and 211, 213–14 definition 198, 200 American colonies 404 influences on 214–15 impact of food production 251–2 expansion 403–6 landforms and 214 in Australia 211–13 extent in 1800 405, 406 latitude and 214–15 major biomes of the world 200 raw materials from colonies modification of 236–7 modification for 397, 406 ocean currents and air agriculture 236–8 Seven Years’ War 405 movement 215 role of soil 215–17 trade 403–4, 408 climate change types 200–2 Budj Bim National Heritage and cereal crop production 288 biophysical world 251–2 Landscape 232 and food security 286–8 Black Death 410 building societies 130 predicted consequences 287 Black Hand 520 Bullecourt, capture of 539 climate classification, of blast furnaces 422 business case studies, Australia 211 blended marketing 149–50 analysing 166–7 clipper ships 429, 430 Blind Heroes Fund 542 business sector 84–5 clothing industry BlueScope 166 impact of globalisation 379–80 Body Shop 163–4 C sweatshops 381 Boer War 558 Cabinet 27–8 coalition governments 5 Bogong moths 231–2 canals 425 coalmining Bosnia 520 capital 85 child labour 451 Boulton, Matthew 416 capital growth 131 extraction methods 421 box scattergrams 301 capital investment 157–8 Mines Commission Boxer Rebellion 558 capitalism 464 (1840–42) 448–9 bribery 68 ‘captain’s calls’ 26 workers and conditions 447–9 Britain car industry coastal wetlands abolition of slavery 487 in Asia 377–8 cross-section 205 alliances 518 in Australia 380 importance 205, 261 child labour 451–2, 470 in United States 378–9 loss of 261 convict transportation 489–90, car trade 377 nature of 205 491–3 cartoons 262 coercion of witnesses 69 crime and punishment 489–90 Castle Hill rebellion 495 Combination Acts 461 enclosure movement, cattle stations 240 committal hearings 43–4 impact 440–4 censorship 541 common law 51 factory reform 471 Chadwick, Edwin 470, 472 communism 464 food riots 442 change, as geographical competition, and innovation 144–5 government inquiries 439 concept 192–3 Competition and Consumer Act 2010 government statistics 439 Chartists 461, 466 (Cth) 46 housing and sanitation 454, 470, child labour competitive advantage 144 472–3 chimney sweeps 452 achieving efficiencies and cutting Poor Laws 455–7, 470 in coal mines 451, 470 costs 154–5 576 INDEX BMIndex.indd Page 576 31/10/17 10:08 AM corporate social responsibility Crompton, Samuel 419 interest groups 19 162–4 crop rotation 401, 444 opinion polls 18–19 differentiation 159–60 Crystal Palace, London 391 political party activities 19–20 improving productivity 157–8 cultural tourism 359–61 public debate 17 improving profit margin 154 cumulative line graphs 376 social media 20 internal operations strategies 160 Cunningham, Phillip 495 traditional media 17–18 meeting changing demands 153 electoral system see Australian pursuing 153–5 D electoral system reducing cost of products 156–7 Dalywoi Bay, NT, map 207 Emden, sinking of 527 research and development 160–1 Darby, Abraham 422 emigration strategies 156–61 Darwin, Charles 468, 469 during gold rushes 503–6 competitive global market 153 Darwinism 468–9 to Australia 499–502 complex choropleth maps 278 debt management 138–40 Empire Day 542, 556 compulsory voting 9–10 decision-making procedure 55–6 employees conciliation 48 Declaration of the Rights of Man and in Australia 171–2 conscription 516, 547–9 of the Citizen 466, 467 changing roles 174–6 consent orders 44 Deen Maar Indigenous Protected competition and job consumer law disputes 46–7 Area 232 insecurity 175–6 consumer protection 46 defendants 37 entitlements 178 container fish farming 310 deforestation 200 in global workplace 176 convict life 496 delivery speed 159–60 intrapreneurs 176 convict transportation 489 desertification 264, 278 retrenchments by industry 175 to America and West Africa 490 deserts traditional roles 175 to Australia 489, 491–3, 498 as biome 201 employers 172 convicts, secondary in Australia 213 responsibilities in punishment 497–8 soils 216 workplace 177–9 Cook, Captain James 492, 493 dietary change enclosure movement coral atolls 210 and sustainable food changes in agriculture 399–400 coral polyps 208 production 308 impact on rural population 440–4 coral reefs in Asia 308 endemic species 269 anatomy of 209 impacts 307 Engels, Friedrich 466 benefits of 210 differentiation 159–60 English Civil War 407 formation 208, 210 digital technologies 151–2 Entente Cordiale 518 threats to 210 Disability Discrimination Act 1992 enterprise 85 corporate social responsibility (Cth) 61 environment, as geographical benefits of 162 discrimination 60–1 concept 194 and competitive advantage 162–4 divergence graphs 354 environmental law disputes strategies 162–3 dividends 131 administrative action 49 Cort, Henry 423 Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932) 54 civil action 49–50 costs, lowering 154–5 doughnut charts 350 criminal action 50 cottage industry 417 Dual Alliance 517 environmental managers 188 cotton trade, slavery and 484–5 duty of care 53–4 environmental refugees 287 court delays 70–1 Eugene, Oregon, walkability 334–5 court