Dawn of the Space Age: Teacher Packet Compiled by: Morehead State University Star Theatre with help from Bethany DeMoss Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Correspond Standards 2 Vocabulary 3 Space Travel Timeline (Primary) 6 NASA Web-Quest on Space Shuttle Missions (Middle Grades) 9 References 20 1 Corresponding Standards Kentucky Department of Education, Social Studies Standards Students understand, analyze, and interpret historical events, conditions, S.S 2.20 trends, and issues to develop historical perspective. Students understand, analyze, and interpret historical events, conditions, S.S 2.20 (4th) trends, and issues to develop historical perspective. Students understand, analyze, and interpret historical events, conditions, S.S 2.20 (5th) trends, and issues to develop historical perspective. Students understand, analyze, and interpret historical events, conditions, S.S 2.20 (6th) trends, and issues to develop historical perspective. Students understand, analyze, and interpret historical events, conditions, S.S 2.20 (8th) trends, and issues to develop historical perspective. 2 Dawn of Space Age Vocabulary Older Vocabulary Word Definition Known as the Apollo Program was the third human spaceflight program carried out by the NASA, responsible America Luna Program for the landing of the first humans on Earth's Moon. The program consisted of 5 unmanned test flights, 4 manned test flights and 7 manned lunar landing flights. A multi-staged heavy lift man-rated expendable rocket Saturn V built by NASA to send Astronauts to the moon and return them to Earth. First manned flight to Moon; it made 10 lunar orbits in 20 Apollo 8 hours. Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders crewed the flight. first astronaut to drive on the moon, flew in space three Commander David Scott times (Gemini 8, Apollo 10, and Apollo 15) A natural force that causes two objects to move towards Gravity each other. It is dependent on the mass of the two objects and the separation distance between them. World’s first artificial satellite, Sputnik a 23 inch diameter Sputnik polished metal sphere launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957. An object that orbits another body in space. Satellites can be classified as “Natural” or “Artificial”. Natural refers to a naturally occurring physical object in orbit Satellite around another body. Artificial refers to a man-made object which has been intentionally placed into orbit around another body. First spacecraft to carry a human into space. Launched by the Soviet Union in 1961 it carried Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Vostok 1 Gargarin in to orbit as the first human to reach outer space and the first human to orbit the earth. A Soviet Cosmonaut, was the first man to walk in space Alexey Lonov (leave his spacecraft in a spacesuit for an extra-vehicular activity). The Gemini program was a manned spaceflight program US Gemini Program with ten flights conducted between 1965 and 1966. The goal was to develop spaceflight techniques critical to support the Apollo Lunar Missions. The Gemini missions 3 practiced long durations flights simulating a trip to the Moon and back, perfected procedures for extra-vehicular activity (working outside a spacecraft in a spacesuit), orbital spacecraft maneuvering, and rendezvous and docking techniques. Fourth planet from the sun, Mars is one of the terrestrial (earth-like) planets. It has a thin carbon-dioxide atmosphere, seasons, polar ice caps valleys, mountains volcanoes, and impact craters. Mars has a rotational Mars period (day/night) approximately 40 minutes longer than Earth and a revolutionary period (Year) equal to approximately 687 earth days. Consisted of a pair of robotic space probes built by the United States to explore Mars. Each probe consisted of an orbiter and lander. The orbiters were designed to photograph the surface of Mars from orbit and to act as a communications relay for the Landers between the Vikings 1 & 2 surface of Mars and Earth. The lander carried instruments to study the biology, chemical composition, meteorology, seismology, magnetic properties, appearance, and physical properties of the Martian surface and atmosphere. A spacecraft (typically in orbit around another body) designed for long durationhabitation by a crew and is Space Station capable of docking with other spacecraft for resupply and crew transfer. An earth-based terminal station designed for extra planetary telecommunication with spacecraft, or Ground Radio Antennas reception of radio waves from an astronomical radio source. Retired suborbital air-launched space-plane design that Space Ship One completed the first manned private spaceflight in 2004 a habitable, modular structure spacecraft/artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. Consisting of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components, the ISS serves as a microgravity and space International Space Station environment research laboratory in where crew members conduct micro gravity experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology and other fields. 4 Younger Vocabulary Word Definition Third human spaceflight program carried out America Luna Program by NASA ( Apollo Program) Apollo 8 First manned flight to Moon Commander David Scott first astronaut to drive on the moon Gravity Force of attraction between two bodies Sputnik World’s first artificial satellite An object that orbits another body in space. Satellite Satellites can be classified as “Natural” or “Artificial”. The Gemini program was a manned US Gemini Program spaceflight program with ten flights conducted between 1965 and 1966. Fourth planet from the sun, Mars is one of the Mars terrestrial (earth-like) planets. A spacecraft that orbits the Earth, where Space Station astronauts can live for up to 6 months Retired space-plane design that completed the Space Ship One first manned private spaceflight in 2004 5 Space Travel Timeline From: KB Teachers 6 7 8 NASA: Web-Quest on Space Shuttle Missions From: Bethany DeMoss 9 Space Travel Exploration An interactive computer activity crossing curriculum between Social Studies, Math, and Science In the activity students will be actively engaged using multiple senses. Students will use computer NASA’s website to explore the number of space missions and the years in which they occurred. They will compile a list of information using the NASA website to then create a graph to see the trend in space travel, past to present. Student will answer questions to better understand the trends in the graph. Lastly students will form groups and create a small presentation providing information on one specific space mission to the class. Materials: Computers Student Packets (p. 2-5) Teacher Packet (p. 6-10) Coloring Pencils Teacher Instruction: Students will work individually or in pairs to complete the activity. While students search on the NASA website to acquire their information, have them read through some of the information as well. Click on view under a specific year, each year has clickable information. This will familiarize the students with the missions. When all students complete through question 6, work through question 7 with them. The teacher packet provides the graph to answer the remaining questions. Display the graph on the board or give the students print outs so that they can compare both graphs and complete their packet. Lastly, assign your students into groups of 3 or 4 depending on class size. Pick several space missions, just giving them the name (ex: STS-66), have each group explore the website again acquiring enough information at the particular space mission to present to the class their space mission. All can be found on the same NASA website. Information for their presentation can be pictures, dates, names, launch and landing dates, the purpose of the mission, etc. Happy Exploring! Created by: Bethany DeMoss 10 2 Name: _______________________________________ Date:_______________ Space Travel Exploration 1. Access the webpage: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/index.html 2. Using the webpage fill in your chart below. Years to use are listed below. Chart does not use every year listed on the webpage. NASA Missions 1981-2011 Number of Missions Launch Landing Year (Past to Present) Pick 1 Mission Total Date Date 1981 1983 1985 1988 1990 1991 Created by: Bethany DeMoss 11 3 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Created by: Bethany DeMoss 12 4 3. After completing your table, use your data to create a line graph that shows how many space missions occurred in each year above. Use the graph paper below. Make sure to label both X & Y axis and give your graph a title. Use colored pencils to enhance your line graph. Created by: Bethany DeMoss 13 5 4. What year has the largest peak in space missions? 5. What year has the largest peak in missions? __ _______________ 6. The lowest peak? ___ ______________________ 7. There are several more years when NASA had space missions according to their website, we only used every other year for data. If we add in the other years, how much do you think the graph will change? 8. In the graph on the board, there are two years with zero missions. Why might there have been no missions for those particular years? _____ ________________________________________________________________. 9. Using the graph on the board, in which years did the graph stabilize? _ ____________ Created by: Bethany DeMoss 14 6 Name:TEACHER PACKET Date:_______________ Space Travel Exploration 1. Access the webpage: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/index.html