Report on River Barge System Feasibility Study Project, South Sudan March 2018 Document Information Date 04.03.2018 HYDROC Project P170418 No. Responsible Sebastian Bubmann and Dr. Georg Petersen Client United Nations Office for Project Services Client Shinobu Mashima Representative Contract No. UNOPS/SSOC/RIVERBARGE/CON/SERVICES/2017-020-(20633- 001-River Barge System Feasibility Study) This report supersedes all previous versions of the same, rendering them invalid Cover image: White Nile River between Bor and Shambe as seen during river survey - © by HYDROC. Contact HYDROC GmbH Siegum 4 24960 Siegum Germany Tel - +49 172 450 91 49 Email - [email protected] Table of contents 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 6 1.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................. 6 1.2. PROJECT OBJECTIVE ...................................................................................................................... 7 1.3. PROJECT SCOPE ............................................................................................................................ 7 2. SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITIONS OF THE WHITE NILE RIVER IN SOUTH SUDAN ....................................................................................................................... 10 2.1. SECURITY ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................ 10 2.2. CURRENT CONDITIONS FOR RIVER TRANSPORT ............................................................................. 13 2.2.1. Juba – Bor / Mingkaman ..................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2. White Nile River – Bentiu .................................................................................................... 16 2.2.3. Malakal – Renk ................................................................................................................... 16 3. RIVER PORT ASSESSMENTS ......................................................................................... 20 3.1. INTRODUCTIONS............................................................................................................................ 20 3.2. PORT SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 20 3.3. JUBA ............................................................................................................................................ 21 3.4. MANGALLA ................................................................................................................................... 24 3.5. TEREKEKA .................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.6. BOR ............................................................................................................................................. 26 3.7. MINGKAMAN ................................................................................................................................. 28 3.8. SHAMBE ....................................................................................................................................... 30 3.9. ADOK ........................................................................................................................................... 32 3.10. BENTIU ......................................................................................................................................... 33 3.11. MALAKAL ...................................................................................................................................... 36 3.11.1. Malakal Town Port .............................................................................................................. 36 3.11.2. Malakal UN/WFP Port ........................................................................................................ 38 3.12. MELUT ......................................................................................................................................... 39 3.13. RENK ........................................................................................................................................... 41 4. THE ECONOMIC CASE FOR INVESTMENT IN RIVER TRANSPORT IN SOUTH SUDAN 43 4.1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 43 4.2. TRANSPORT NETWORK IN SOUTH SUDAN ....................................................................................... 43 4.2.1. Network Changes Since the Early 1980s ........................................................................... 43 4.2.2. Other Modes ....................................................................................................................... 44 4.3. HISTORIC DEMAND TO 2012 .......................................................................................................... 47 4.3.1. River transport from 1973 to 1993 ...................................................................................... 47 4.3.2. River Transport from 1993 to 2012..................................................................................... 49 4.4. LESSONS LEARNED FROM HISTORIC DEMAND ................................................................................ 50 4.5. CURRENT DEMAND FOR RIVER TRANSPORT TO SUPPLY HUMANITARIAN AID .................................... 51 4.6. DEMAND FORECASTS .................................................................................................................... 53 4.6.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 53 4.6.2. Short-term Demand for Supply of Humanitarian Aid .......................................................... 53 4.6.3. Near to Long-term Forecasts for Demand for River Transport .......................................... 55 4.6.4. Importance of Resumption of Sudan-South Sudan River Transport .................................. 56 4.6.5. Study Near to Long-term River Transport Forecasts ......................................................... 56 4.7. REQUIRED BARGE CAPACITY TO MATCH NEAR-TERM FORECASTS .................................................. 60 4.8. PASSENGER TRANSPORT .............................................................................................................. 61 4.9. SUPPLY OF RIVER TRANSPORT SERVICES ...................................................................................... 61 4.9.1. Freight Rates and Costs ..................................................................................................... 61 4.9.2. River transport Operating Expenses .................................................................................. 62 4.9.3. Costs of Competing Modes of Transport ............................................................................ 63 4.9.4. Summary of costs per t-km ................................................................................................. 67 4.10. THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF SHORT-TERM INTERVENTIONS .......................................................... 68 4.11. LONG-TERM AND WIDER BENEFITS OF IMPROVED RIVER TRANSPORT .............................................. 71 4.11.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 71 4.11.2. Simplified Approach to Long-term Transport Benefits........................................................ 72 4.11.3. Wider Benefits .................................................................................................................... 72 4.11.4. The Long-term Case for Investment ................................................................................... 74 5. PROPOSED ACTIVITIES (OPTIONS CATALOGUE) ....................................................... 77 5.1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 77 5.2. DREDGING AND RIVER TRAINING.................................................................................................... 77 5.2.1. River Dredging (Width and Depth of Shipping Channel). ................................................... 77 5.2.2. Port Dredging ...................................................................................................................... 81 5.2.3. Assumptions and Limitations .............................................................................................. 81 5.2.4. Dredger Type ...................................................................................................................... 81 5.2.5. Dredged Material Disposal (Dredging Operation) .............................................................. 82 5.3. NAVIGATION AID SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................ 84 5.3.1. River Beacon Navigation Aides .......................................................................................... 84 5.3.2. Installation of the Equipment by Trained Local Staff .......................................................... 87 5.3.3. Technical Centres for Aids to