By Steven R. Pierce, SBB(ASCP) Marion E. Reid, FIMBS, PhD, DSc (Hon.) Additional Resources AABB Press Bethesda, Maryland 2016 2 BLOODY BRILLIANT! Chapter 2—Karl Landsteiner, Father of Blood Groups Bäumler E. Paul Ehrlich. Scientist for life (Translated by G. Edwards) New Hughes-Jones NC, Gardner B. Historical review: Red cell agglutination: The York: Holmes & Meier, 1984. first description by Creite (1869) and further observations made by Landois (1875) and Landsteiner (1901). Br J Haematol 2002;119:889-93. Bayne-Jones S. Dr. Karl Landsteiner. Nobel Prize laureate in medicine 1930. Science 1931;73:599-604. Lascaratos J, Kalantzis G, Skiadas P. Constantin Levaditi: An unknown pio- neer in immunology research. Arch Hellenic Med 2003;20:319-25. Bendiner E. Ehrlich: Immunologist, chemotherapist, prophet. Hosp Pract 1980;15:129-39. Lefrère JJ, Berche P. Karl Landsteiner découvre les groupes sanguins. [Karl Landsteiner discovered the blood groups.] Transfus Clin Biol 2010;17:1-8. Bendiner E. Karl Landsteiner: Dissector of the blood. Hosp Pract 1991;26:93-104. Lesky E. Viennese serological research about the year 1900: Its contribution to the development of clinical medicine. Bull NY Acad Med 1973;49:100- Book review of Billroth T. Über das Lehren und Lernen der medizinischen 11. Wissenschaften an den Universitäten der deutschen Nation, nebst allge- meinen Bemerkungen über Universitäten. Wien 1876. [On teaching and Lichtenthaler FW. Emil Fischer, his personality, his achievements and his learning medical sciences at German universities, with general remarks scientific progeny. Euro J Organic Chem 2002;24:4095-122. about universities. Vienna 1876.] Medical Times and Gazette 1876;2:553-5, Mackenzie GM. Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. A review. Medicine 580-2. 1929;8:159-91. Bordet J. Les leucocytes et les properties actives du serum chez les vaccines. Manwaring WH. A critique of the Ehrlich theory, with an outline of the [Leukocytes and the active property of serum from vaccinated animals.] Ann enzyme theory of antibody formation. In: Jordan EO, Faulk IS, eds. The Inst Pasteur 1895:462-506. newer knowledge of bacteriology and immunology. Chicago: University of Bordet J, Gengou O. Sur l’existence de substances sensibilisatrices dans la Chicago Press, 1929:1078-85. plupart des sérum antimicrobiens. [On the existence of sensitizing substances Marquardt M. Paul Ehrlich. New York: Henry Schuman, 1951. in the majority of antimicrobial sera.] Ann Inst Pasteur 1901;15:289-302. Nuttall GHF. Blood immunity and blood relationships. A demonstration of Bordet J. Studies in immunity. English translation by FP Gay. New York: John certain blood-relationships amongst animals by means of the precipitin test Wiley & Sons, 1909. for blood. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1904. Buchner H. Über bakterientodtende Wirkung des zellenfreien Blutserums. Oakley CL. Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet 1870-1961. Biogr Mem Fell [On the action of dead bacteria of cell-free blood serum.] Zentralbl Bakteriol Roy Soc 1962;8:18-25. Parasitenkd 1889;5:817-23. Pauli W. Physical chemistry in the service of medicine. (Translated by MH Buchner H. Über die nähere Natur der bakterientötenden Substanz in Blut- Fischer.) New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1907. serum. [On the immediate effects of the bactericidal substance in blood serum.] Zentralbl Bakteriol Parasitenkd 1889;6:561-72. Pfeiffer R. Weitere Untersuchungen über das Wesen der Choleraimmunität und über specifische bactericide Processe. [Further investigations on the Chase M. Karl Landsteiner. J Immunol 1944;48:1-16. nature of immunity to cholera and specific bactericidal processes.] Z Hyg Constantin Levaditi dies. Bull Med Libr Assoc 1954;42:539. Infektion 1894;18:1-16. Crist E, Tauber AI. Debating humoral immunity and epistemology: The Prüll C-R. Part of a scientific master plan? Paul Ehrlich and the origins of his rivalry of the immunochemists Jules Bordet and Paul Ehrlich. J Hist Biol receptor concept. Med Hist 2003;47:332-56. 1997;30:321-56. Ranganathan KS. Karl Landsteiner—versatile genius of medical research. Ehrlich P, ed. Gesammelte Arbeiten zur Immunitätsforschung. [Studies in The Hindu (Chennai, India), Sunday, January 9, 1968. immunity.] Berlin: August Hirschwald, 1904. Rubin LP. Styles in scientific explanation: Paul Ehrlich and Svante Arrhenius Gossel PP. Pasteur, Koch and American bacteriology. Hist Philos Life Sci on immunochemistry. J Hist Med Allied Sci 1980;35:397-425. 2000;22:81-100. Schorske CE. Fin-de-siècle Vienna. Politics and culture. New York: Alfred A. Gottleib AM. Karl Landsteiner, the melancholy genius: His time and his col- Knopf, 1908. leagues, 1868-1943. Transfus Med Rev 1998;12:18-27. Schwarz HP, Dorner F. Historical review: Karl Landsteiner and his major con- Groger H. Karl Landsteiner and medical science in Vienna around 1900. The tributions to haematology. Br J Haematol 2003;121:556-65. significance of laboratory medicine for clinical medicine. Vox Sang Sterling D, Sterling P. Polio pioneers. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co, 2000;78(Suppl 2):3-6. 1955. Heidelberger M. Karl Landsteiner. June 14, 1868-June 26, 1943. Biographi- Wiener AS. In commemoration of Karl Landsteiner, father of blood grouping cal Memoirs 1969;40:177-210. and immunochemistry. Haematologia 1969;3:3-8. Witebsky E. Ehrlich’s side-chain theory in the light of present immunology. Ann NY Acad Sci 1954;59:168-81. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 3 Chapter 3—ABO Grows Up Harvey Obituary. James Blundell, MD Edin, FRCP Lond. Medical Times and Gazette 1878;1:156. Doby T. Discoverers of blood circulation. From Aristotle to the times of da Vinci and Harvey. New York: Abelard-Schuman Ltd, 1963. Pettigrew TJ. Medical portrait gallery. Biographical memoirs of the most cele- brated physicians, surgeons, etc, who have contributed to the advancement Graham JM. William Harvey and the early days of blood transfusion. Edin- of medical science. Vol. 1. London: Fisher, Son & Co, 1840. burgh Med J 1953;60:65-76. Welck M, Borg P, Ellis H. James Blundell MD Edin FRCP (1790-1877): Keynes G. The Life of William Harvey. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966. Pioneer of blood transfusion. J Med Biograph 2010;18:194-7. Wright T. William Harvey. A life in circulation. New York: Oxford University Young JH. James Blundell (1790-1878), experimental physiologist and obste- Press, 2013. trician. Med Hist 1964;101:159-69. Denis and Lower Carrel and Crile Brown H. Jean Denis and transfusion of blood, Paris, 1667-1668. Isis Blood transfusion often successful. Dr. Carrel tells French scientists of the 1948;39:15-29. improved method in use here. New York Times, Tuesday, June 25, 1912, Davis RB. Richard Lower: Anatomist and physiologist. Ann Intern Med p.7. 2000;132:1008-9. Crile G. George Crile. An autobiography. Vols. I and II. Philadelphia: Donovan AJ. Richard Lower, MD, physician and surgeon (1631-1691). JB Lippincott, 1947. World J Surg 2004;28:938-45. Five-day baby saved by blood transfusion. Washington Times (Washington, Farr AD. The first human blood transfusion. Med Hist 1980;24:143-62. DC) March 20, 1908, last edition, p. 6. Felts JH. Richard Lower: Anatomist and physiologist. Ann Intern Med Friedman SG. Alexis Carrel: Jules Verne of cardiovascular surgery. Am J Surg 2000;132:420-3. 1988;155:420-4. Franklin KJ. The work of Richard Lower (1631-1691). Proc R Soc Med Harrison SP. Origins of vascular surgery: The Carrel-Guthrie letters. Surgery 1931;25:113-18. 1962:52:406-18. Gotch F. Two Oxford physiologists. Richard Lower 1631 to 1691, John Hermann RE. George Washington Crile (1864-1943). J Med Biogr Mayow 1643 to 1679. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908. 1994;2:78-83. Hall AR, Hall MB. The first human blood transfusion: Priority disputes. Pool EH, McClure RD. Transfusion by Carrel’s end-to-end suture method, Med Hist 1980;24:461-5. with report of cases. Ann Surg 1910;52:433-56. Hoff EC, Hoff PM. The life and times of Richard Lower, physiologist and Walker LG Jr. Carrel’s direct transfusion of a five day old infant. Surg Gynecol physician (1631-1691). Bull Inst Hist Med 1936;4:517-35. Obstet 1973;137:494-6. Hoff HE, Guillemin R. The tercentenary of transfusion in man. Cardiovasc Ottenberg Res Cent Bull (Baylor University) 1967;6:47-57. Ottenberg R, Kaliski DJ. The modern blood tests before transfusion. Biochem Hollingsworth MW. Blood transfusion by Richard Lower in 1665. Ann Med Bull 1912;1:5-6. Hist 1928;10:213-25. Ottenberg R. Hereditary blood qualities: Statistical considerations. J Immunol Keynes G. The history of blood transfusion, 1628-1914. Science News III. 1923;8:11-17. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, Ltd, 1947. Ottenberg R. Medicolegal applications of human blood grouping. JAMA Keynes G. The history of blood transfusion. In: Keynes G, ed. Blood transfu- 1921;77:682-3. sion. Bristol: John Wright & Sons, 1949. Ottenberg R. Medicolegal applications of human blood grouping. Second Lower R. Tractatus de Corde Item de Motu et Colore Sanguinis et Chyli in communication. JAMA 1922;78:873-7. Eum Transitu. [A Treatise of the Heart, on the motion and color of the blood Ottenberg R. Medicolegal applications of human blood grouping. Third com- and of the passage of chyle.] London: Typis J. Redmayne, Impensis Jacobi munication. JAMA 1922;79:2137-9. Allestry, 1669. Munk W. Richard Lower. Munks Roll 2009;I:379. Moss Walton MT. The first transfusion: French or English? Med Hist 1974;18:360-4. Abney B. Doctors’ day honored. Athens (GA) Banner-Herald Sunday, April 1, 1979, p. 24. Blundell Hunt J. Dr. Moss is pioneer in research on blood. Athens (GA) Banner-Herald Jones HW, Mackmull G. The influences of James Blundell on the develop- March 30, 1952. ment of blood transfusion. Ann Med His 1928;10:242-8. Last rites today for Dr. W.L. Moss. Athens (GA) Banner-Herald August 13, Learoyd P.