Appendix A – Perceptual Maps 1) A Perceptual Map of Dutch-Speaking Areas (Rensink 1955:22; taken from Preston 1989a:5) 126 2) Three Examples of Grootaers’ Perceptual Maps of Japan i) The determination of regions in which the perceptions of dialect differences are shared in a small area of Japan [descriptions taken from Preston 1989a): (cf. Grootaers 1959:359) 127 ii) The inner and outer boundaries of a region (10) in which respondents share perceptions of dialect differences in a small area of Japan: (Grootaers 1959:364) 128 iii) The boundaries of regions which respondents in a small area of Japan feel use unintelligibly different dialects (Grootaers 1959: 379) 129 3) Doncaster and District Development Council’s caricature of Londoners’ per- ceptions of the North (taken from Preston 1989a:15) 130 Appendix B: Summary of Respondents’ Biographical Data University Northerners/ of Reading/ ’Midlanders’/ YMCA Southerners/ Reading/ Classification National Grown up in Now living in Uncertain Trust M/F Age (county only) (county only) Occupation (cf. 5.1.) R1 UR F 20 (varying) Devon Student S R2 UR F 46 Middlesex Berkshire Student S R3 UR F 18 Lancashire Devon Student CU R4 UR F 24 Berkshire Berkshire Student S R5 UR M 18 Leicestershire Berkshire Student S R6 UR F 21 Berkshire Berkshire Student S R7 UR F 34 Hampshire Hampshire Student S R8 YMCA M 38 Berkshire Berkshire Consultant S R9 YMCA F 24 Cleveland Berkshire Unemployed CU R11 YMCA M 26 Berkshire Berkshire General Builder S R12 YMCA M 25 Bedfordshire Berkshire Unemployed S R13 NT F 25 (varying) London Freelance Writer S R14 NT F 38 South Glamorgan Avon Occupational Therapist S R15 NT F 31 West Yorkshire West Yorkshire Solicitor N R16 NT F 45 Devon Hampshire Tour Leader S R17 NT F 51 Kirkcudbrightshire Surrey Local Government N Officer R18 NT F 55 Middlesex Hertfordshire Social Worker S R19 NT M 32 West Glamorgan West Midlands Solicitor CU R20 NT M 37 Essex Cambridgeshire Computer Programmer S R21 NT M 44 Durham Tyne & Wear Local Government N Officer R22 NT M 56 Hertfordshire Cardiff Civil Engineering S Consultant R23 NT M 57 Derby Middlesex Engineer CU R24 NT M 56 London London Local Government S Official R25 NT F 19 North Yorkshire North Yorkshire Full-Time NT Volunteer N R26 NT F 19 Durham Durham Part-Time Sales N Assistant R27 NT F 19 Leicestershire Leicestershire Student M R28 NT F 28 Leicestershire/ London Physiotherapist N South Yorkshire R29 NT F 28 Hertfordshire North Yorkshire Nurse/Student Midwife CU R30 NT F 26 Kent North Yorkshire Registered CU Nurse/Student Midwife R31 NT F 25 South Yorkshire South Yorkshire Operating Department N Practitioner R32 NT F 25 London Cambridgeshire Retail Manager S R33 NT F 25 Norfolk Norfolk Customer Accounts M Advisor R34 NT F 25 Norfolk Kent Occupational Health M Nurse R35 NT F 24 Tyne & Wear North Yorkshire Town and Country N Planning Officer R36 NT F 22 Hertfordshire Buckinghamshire Graduate S R37 NT F 22 Cambridgeshire Nottingham Staff Nurse M R38 NT F 22 Berkshire London --- S R39 NT F 22 Northampton London Radiographer S R40 NT F 38 (varying) Devon Family Centre Deputy CU Manager R41 NT F 36 Surrey Surrey Civil Servant S R42 NT F 35 (varying) West Yorkshire Bank Employee N R43 NT F 34 Merseyside Hertfordshire PR Manager CU 131 R44 NT F 33 Cumbria Cumbria Assistant Buyer N R45 NT F 31 Shropshire Shropshire --- M R46 NT F 33 Nottinghamshire Kent Accountant CU R47 NT F 42 Monmouthshire Social Services CU Manager R48 NT F 40 Merseyside Merseyside NHS Manager N R49 NT F 48 London West Sussex Staff Nurse S R50 NT F 59 Northumberland Northumberland Retired Teacher N R51 NT F 57 Cheshire Cheshire Retired Chemistry M Teacher R52 NT F 55 London Hertfordshire Ceramic Artist S R53 NT F 51 London Avon Medical Laboratory S Scientist R54 NT F 54 Cleveland Cleveland Retired Primary Teacher N R55 NT F 57 Yorkshire Cleveland Retired Teacher N R56 NT M 19 Durham Durham Student N R57 NT M 29 Hertfordshire Bedfordshire Trainee Accountant S R58 NT M 27 North Yorkshire North Yorkshire NHS Management N Trainee R59 NT M 26 Lincolnshire Lincolnshire Solicitor M R60 NT M 24 West Yorkshire West Yorkshire Student N R61 NT M 23 Shropshire Cambridgeshire Student M R62 NT M 39 Staffordshire (varying) Pharmacist M R63 NT M 39 Inverness-shire Yorkshire Nurse N R64 NT M 37 Middlesex Wiltshire Site Service Engineer S R65 NT M 33 Avon Avon Milkman S R66 NT M 33 Somerset Somerset Insurance S R67 NT M 33 Merseyside Merseyside Civil Servant N R68 NT M 32 Durham West Yorkshire Solicitor/Civil Servant N R69 NT M 31 Middlesex Middlesex Printer S R70 NT M 30 Berkshire Nottinghamshire Analyst S R72 NT M 43 Pembrokeshire Pembrokeshire Process Shift S Supervisor R73 NT M 48 East Yorkshire East Yorkshire Caretaker N R74 NT M 44 Essex Suffolk Office Manager S R75 NT M 53 Essex Essex Mechanic S R76 NT M 40 (varying) Oxfordshire Careers Advisor S R77 NT M 58 Worcestershire Somerset Community Worker S R78 NT M 53 West Yorkshire East Yorkshire Full Time NT Volunteer N R79 NT M 53 Worcestershire Worcestershire Building Surveyor M R80 NT M 52 Derbyshire Derbyshire Semi-Retired M Schoolteacher R81 NT M 51 Suffolk Northamptonshire Health Service M Administrative Officer R82 NT M 65 Buckinghamshire Lancashire Electrical Engineer CU (Retired) R83 NT M 62 Lancashire Merseyside Retired Systems N Analyst R84 NT M 61 Essex Hampshire Retired S R85 NT M 60 Cheshire Cheshire Analytical Chemist M R86 NT M 63 Middlesex Essex Retired S Teacher/Lecturer · Bold Print = members of the ‘EE group’ · R10’s and R71’s questionnaire had to be ignored as large parts were left blank. 132 Appendix C – Transcripts of Voice Samples #1: EE speaker: We did half expect it, so it wasn't a shock, but it's not very nice to see like 20, 30 men come in and basi- cally take over what is our business and has been for the last 30 years. #2: EE speaker: The robin. I bet you've seen plenty of these in the last month. They first flew onto Christmas cards in Victorian times, but of course this year they even made it onto the stamps. And I bet a few of them made it into your gardens as well, where they're very obvious, because their especially trusting nature makes them so when they're hungry in the wintertime. #3: Cockney speaker: anyway…it was a long while before this doctor come up. It was only, like, the young one, see, weekend one. But anyway, the sister, she was getting a bit worried. She said he don't seem to be coming, so she had a look, and she said, well if it was my decision she wouldn't let me home…and er…anyhow I more or less pleaded with her, I said well they're coming here in a little while, I said, if you'd've told me before, I said, I would have made arrangements and cancelled it…anyway…she was still worried so she went and she found this young doctor. He come along…still laying there, you know, on my bed, sort of thing, sur- rounded. Eventually he comes ten to twelve…and he has a look and…he's, like, with the nurse there, he wasn't with the sister, but anyway he said, well, he said, you don't seem to be weeping now…he said, I don't think it'll weep any more, he said…erm…he said, well, if I let you go home, he said, he said, they'll have to be dressed twice a day…he said, and he said…twice a day, he said, while it's…comes away a bit wet, he said, and once a day, he said, when it's dry, sort of thing. #4: RP speaker: But the second occasion was much worse, er it was a hell of a mess, erm with upturned gear, er all the cupboards opened and the stuff pulled out, erm even in the kitchen, where the stuff is very bor- ing…erm…and everything that had any value at all seemed to me to have been taken…and very carefully, which contrasted with the mess…the hi-fi had all its cabling neatly tacked down, running around the skirting boards. It'd been pulled up incredibly neatly. So not only did they take the gear but also all the cabling as well. #5: EE speaker: No. As I've explained before, I don't remotely think of my act as anything other than something I draw from within myself to make people laugh. If social observation which is about politics emerges ... I mean, it sounds like I'm denying it, but it's only because, I have to tell you, you are all asking the same question in a way, over and over, ... is ... you know, "Are you trying to be a politician?" I'm not. If you don't think I'm funny, don't watch it! #6: Birmingham accent: I was on the lookout for things from sales, and I saw a rather nice pair of mode Italian real leather shoes, and I just went to a rather indifferent assistant in the shop, paid my eighteen pounds by cheque I think it was, and took the shoes away in a rather natty box, and I've worn them about twice since.