Eucalyptus torelliana (=Corymbia torelliana) (Cadaga, Cadagi tree, Answer Score Torell's eucalyptus) -- FLORIDA 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to FL climates (USDA hardiness zones; 0-low, 1-intermediate, 2- 2 high) 2.02 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 2.03 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y 1 2.04 Native or naturalized in regions with an average of 11-60 inches of annual y 1 precipitation 2.05 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural y range? 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range y 2 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y 2 3.03 Weed of agriculture n 0 3.04 Environmental weed y 4 3.05 Congeneric weed y 2 4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs n 0 4.02 Allelopathic ? 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable to grazing animals ? 4.05 Toxic to animals n 0 4.06 Host for recognised pests and pathogens ? 4.07 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans n 0 4.08 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems ? 4.09 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle ? 4.10 Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils). y 1 North & Central Zones: infertile soils; South Zone: shallow limerock or Histisols. 4.11 Climbing or smothering growth habit n 0 4.12 Forms dense thickets n 0 5.01 Aquatic n 0 5.02 Grass n 0 5.03 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 0 5.04 Geophyte n 0 6.01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat 6.02 Produces viable seed y 1 6.03 Hybridizes naturally y 1 6.04 Self-compatible or apomictic ? 6.05 Requires specialist pollinators n 0 6.06 Reproduction by vegetative propagation 6.07 Minimum generative time (years) Completed: July 2012 7.01 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) 7.02 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y 1 7.03 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant ? 7.04 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal n -1 7.05 Propagules water dispersed ? 7.06 Propagules bird dispersed n -1 7.07 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y 1 7.08 Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) n -1 8.01 Prolific seed production y 1 8.02 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) n -1 8.03 Well controlled by herbicides ? 8.04 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation n -1 8.05 Effective natural enemies present in U.S. Total Score 13 Implemented Pacific Second Screening No Risk Assessment Results Reject Completed: July 2012 Reference Source data 1.01 Nahrung, H.F. et al. 2010. Susceptibility of Corymbia Cultivated, but no evidence of selection for reduced species and hybrids to arthropod herbivory in Australian weediness. 1. Primarily developed for disease resistance subtropical hardwood plantations. Southern Forests , and amenability to clonal propagation and have also proven 72(3/4): 147-152. to have good growth rates and site plasticity. 1.02 Skip to 2.01 1.03 Skip to 2.01 2.01 1. PERAL NAPPFAST Global Plant Hardiness No computer analysis was performed. 1. Global plant (http://www.nappfast.org/Plant_hardiness/NAPPFAST%20 hardiness zones 9-11; equivalent to USDA Hardiness zones Global%20zones/10- 8b-11b (north, central, south zones of Florida). 2. year%20climate/PLANT_HARDINESS_10YR%20lgnd.tif) & Distributional range: Native to northeastern coastal Arbor Day http://www.arborday.org/media/zones.cfm. 2. Queensland Australia. 3. Predominantly along coast of USDA/ARS-GRIN [Online Database]. National Germplasm northeast Queensland, Australia and also near the border of Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland (http://www.ars- New South Wales. 4. Cultivated and naturalised in grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?15948 [Accessed: 25 southeast Queensland. 5. Native range - Australia July 2011]). 3. Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (Queensland). E. torelliana is restricted to rainforest Inc. (CHAH). Australia's Virtual Herbarium . CSIRO. 27 July margins or wet sclerophyll forests on deep, relatively rich 2011. Web. 4. Queensland Herbarium. Key to Eucalypts of soils in a narrow high-rainfall belt from 50 to 80 km wide Greater Brisbane . Queensland: Queensland Government, between the coastal plains and the top of adjacent ranges Environmental Protection Agency. August 2001. Print. 5. in northeast Queensland. It occurs from Cooktown south to CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global west of Ingham. 6.a. Native habitat: Australia, Tasmania. Module . Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 6.a-b. 6.b. Hardy range: 10A to 11. "Eucalyptus torelliana ." horticopia.com . Horticopia, 2011. Web. 25 July 2011. 2.02 No computer analysis was performed. Native range is well known; refer to 2.01 source data. 2.03 1. Köppen-Geiger climate map (http://www.hydrol-earth- 1. Native distribution along the northeast coast of syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf). 2. Queensland appears to be in at least 3 climatic groups. 2. Ecocrop. Copyright 1993-2007. Food and Agriculture Climate zone: tropical wet & dry (Aw). Organization of the United Nations. Web. 6 February 2012. http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/home. 2.04 1. CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global 1.Mean annual rainfall is about 2000 mm (79") with a Module . Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2. Ecocrop . distinct summer maximum during which the average Copyright 1993-2007. Food and Agriculture Organization of monthly rainfall is about 400 mm (16"). 2. Optimal annual the United Nations. Web. 6 February 2012. rainfall: 1200 - 2000 mm (47.2 - 78.7 in); Absolute annual http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/home. rainfall: 900 - 2500 mm (35.4 - 98.4 in). Completed: July 2012 2.05 1. CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global 1. E. torelliana has been cultivated or trialed mainly in low Module . Wallingford, UK: CAB International. latitude tropical countries to include the following countries. The countries listed are taken from the Australian Tree Seed Centre (CSIRO, FFP) seed database and literature: Nigeria, Cameron, Sierra Leone, Benin, Guinea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Madagascar, Comoros, Malawi, Zambia, Congo Democratic republic (Zaire), South Africa, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Brunei, Malaysia, Fiji, Brazil, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines and Mexico.' 3.01 1. Rejmánek, M. & D.M. Richardson. 2011. Eucalypts (203- 1. Naturalized in China and Florida. 209). In D. Simberloff & M. Rejmánek, eds. Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions . Berkeley: University of California Press. 3.02 1. Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Atlas of Florida 1. Observed: 22 February 2008 in Lee County, Florida; Vascular Plants (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/).[S. M. Habitat: roadside. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa. 3.03 No evidence. 3.04 1. Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2008. Atlas of Florida 1. Observed: 14 June 2001 in Palm Beach County, Florida; Vascular Plants (http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/).[S. M. Habitat: Trees and seedlings in a designated preserve used Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), for pasture; plants coming from a development Florida Center for Community Design and Research.] (Frenchman's Creek) to the north where this species is used Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, in landscaping. Tampa. 3.05 1. Holm, L. et al. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds . 1. The following eucalypts are considered principal weeds in John Wiley and Sons, New York. 1979. Australia (principal weed in this context is ranked according to the importance of the weed and is usually referring to about the five most troublesome species for the crop): E. cambageana, E. ferruginea, E. gracilis, E. marginata, E. miniata, E. pilularis, E. populnea, E. tetradonta . 4.01 1. US Forest Service, Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk No evidence of such morphological features. (PIER). Online resource at http://www.hear.org/pier/ accessed [25 July 2011]. 2. Queensland Herbarium. Key to Eucalypts of Greater Brisbane . Queensland: Queensland Government, Environmental Protection Agency. August 2001. Print. Completed: July 2012 4.02 1. Reissmann, S. 2002. Allelopathic affects of Eucalyptus 1. The marked, yet insignificant difference in growth and Corymbia species on germination and growth of between the lettuce seedlings subject to treatment with Lactuca sativa . 25 August 2011. extracts of different genera, and the fairly great similarity http://www.reissmann.info/bibliotheke/biologio/SHR-- between lettuce seedlings treated with extracts of the 2002-10-10--Allelopathy+Eucalypts+Lettuce--Rep--en- same genera, suggests, that Corymbia or, more precisely, 03.pdf. 2. Rejmánek, M. & D.M. Richardson. 2011. Corymbia leaves might inhibit growth, particularly root Eucalypts (203-209). In D. Simberloff & M. Rejmánek, eds. growth, in lettuce. In summary the results indicate, that Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions . Berkeley: University of leachates of fresh leaves of Corymbia clarksoniana (Grey California Press. Bloodwood), Corymbia torreliana (Cadaghi), Eucalyptus grandis (Rose Gum) and Eucalyptus platyphylla (Poplar Gum) probably do not exert any allelopathic effect on lettuce (Lactuca sativa ). However, our experiment gave some hints that Corymbia leaf leachates may, in contrast to Eucalyptus leaf leachates, inhibit growth in Lactuca sativa . 2. Concerns expressed about suppression of ground vegetation due to possible allelopathic effects. Allelopathic effects are widely reported and these reports are largely based on laboratory bioassays. If not chemical inhibition then at least accumulation of dead material of the floor of eucalypt plantations hinders regeneration of native species.