Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Translation and Interpreting A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARATEXTUAL ELEMENTS IN THE COMPLETE TRANSLATIONS OF GULLIVER’S TRAVELS Esra Duygu ÖZDOĞAN Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2018 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARATEXTUAL ELEMENTS IN THE COMPLETE TRANSLATIONS OF GULLIVER’S TRAVELS Esra Duygu ÖZDOĞAN Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Translation and Interpreting Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2018 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Asst. Prof. Dr. Elif ERSÖZLÜ for her valuable supports and contributions throughout the entire period of my study. Her deep sincerity and valuable feedbacks have made it possible to finish this thesis. I feel lucky to have the chance of being her student. I also would like to express my sincere thanks to the members of the thesis committee, Prof. Dr. Asalet ERTEN and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aslı Özlem TARAKÇIOĞLU for their contributions and invaluable comments. I am also deeply grateful to Prof. Dr. Can Ömer KALAYCI who has made time for me and has accepted my request of an interview. He has supplied significant information for my thesis. I would like to thank my close friends Tuğçe Mermer and Ece Janset Yağmur for their endless support and motivation. Their smiling faces and sincerity have motivated me throughout the writing process of this study. Last but not least, I am deeply grateful to my parents Müjgan Özdoğan and Faruk Özdoğan for their love and understanding, and to my aunt Münevver Aşık who put her faith in me and supported me in all conditions. Also, I would like to thank my uncle Mehmet Özdoğan for his comments and to my brother Oğuzhan Emre Özdoğan who has spared time and effort to help me in formatting process. vi ÖZET ÖZDOĞAN, Esra Duygu. Gulliver’in Seyahatleri’nin Tam Metin Çevirilerindeki Metin Dışı Unsurların Karşılaştırmalı Analizi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2018. Jonathan Swift’in Gulliver’in Seyahatleri eseri, İngiliz edebiyatının en önemli hicivlerinden biri olarak kabul edilir. Roman, ağırlıklı olarak kurumlar ve insanlık hakkında doğrudan ve dolaylı eleştiriler içerir. Fakat kitap, yayıncı, yazar veya üçüncü bir tarafça uygulanan metinsel olmayan unsurlar sebebiyle her zaman bir hiciv eseri olarak algılanmaz. Genette (1997), bir eserin kitap haline gelmesini ve okuyucuya ulaşmasını sağlayan bu öğeleri metin dışı unsurlar olarak tanımlar. Aynı zamanda bu unsurlar metnin algılanmasına da etki eder. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Jonathan Swift’in Gulliver’in Seyahatleri adlı eserinin tam metin çevirilerinin metin dışı unsurlarını araştırmak ve bunlar arasından okuyucunun metin üzerindeki algısını en çok etkileyen unsurları bulmaktır. Çalışma, öncelikle kitabın Türk edebiyatı çoğuldizgesindeki konumunu belirlemek üzere Itamar Even-Zohar’ın (1990) çoğuldizge kuramı kapsamında bibliyografik bir araştırma yürütür. Daha sonra, İrfan Şahinbaş, Kıymet Erzincan Kına ve Can Ömer Kalaycı tarafından çevrilen ve beş farklı yayınevi tarafından basılan tam çevirilerinin metin dışı unsurlarını analiz eder. Son olarak, Gulliver’in Seyahatleri’nin alımlanmasını değiştirebilecek en etkili unsurları tartışır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, bahsi geçen romanın Türk edebiyatı çoğuldizgesinde çoğunlukla çocuk edebiyatının bir parçası olarak kabul gördüğünü gösterir ve ayrıca, saptanan sekiz unsur içerisindeki dört etkili metin dışı unsuru ortaya çıkarır: seri başlıkları, arka kapak metinleri, önsöz niteliğindeki notlar ve dipnotlar. Bibliyografik araştırma kitabın Türk edebiyatı çoğuldizgesindeki konumunu çoğunlukla bir çocuk edebiyatı eseri olarak gösterse de tam metin çevirilerinin metin dışı unsurları Swift’in hicivli tarzını ve hedeflenen okuyucunun yetişkinler olduğunu ortaya koyar. Anahtar Sözcükler Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’in Seyahatleri, çoğuldizge kuramı, metin dışı unsurlar, algı. vii ABSTRACT ÖZDOĞAN, Esra Duygu. A Comparative Analysis of Paratextual Elements in the Complete Translations of Gulliver’s Travels, Master’s Thesis, Ankara, 2018. Jonathan Swift’s work, Gulliver’s Travels is regarded as one of the most important satirical works of English literature. The novel mainly includes explicit and implicit criticisms of institutions and humankind. However, the book is not always perceived as a satirical work because of non-textual elements applied by the publisher, the author or by a third party. Genette (1997) has defined these elements as paratextual elements which enable a work to become a book and to reach the reader. Besides, these elements affect the reception of a text. The aim of this study is to explore the paratextual elements in the complete translations of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels and to find out the most effective elements on the reception of the novel by the reader. The study firstly carries out a bibliographic survey to demonstrate the position of the book in the Turkish literary polysystem within the framework of Itamar Even-Zohar’s (1990) polysystem theory. It later analyzes the paratextual elements of the complete translations of the novel translated by İrfan Şahinbaş, Kıymet Erzincan Kına and Can Ömer Kalaycı, and published by five different publishing houses. It finally discusses the most effective elements which can change the perception of Gulliver’s Travels. As a result, the study shows that the novel is mostly appreciated as a part of children’s literature in the Turkish literary polysystem and it also finds out four effective paratextual elements which are the titles of the series, the please-inserts, the prefatory notes and the notes among eight detected elements in the complete translations. Although the bibliographical survey displays its position in the Turkish literary polysystem mostly as a work of children’s literature, the paratextual elements of the complete translations reveal the satirical style of Swift and the target reader as adults. Keywords Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels, polysystem theory, paratextual elements, perception. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS KABUL VE ONAY ...................................................................................................... i BİLDİRİM .................................................................................................................. ii YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI .............................. iii ETİK BEYAN ........................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ v ÖZET.......................................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xii INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ................................................... 8 1.1. ITAMAR EVEN-ZOHAR’S POLYSYSTEM THEORY ............................. 8 1.2. GERARD GENETTE’S WORK ON PARATEXTUAL ELEMENTS ...... 13 CHAPTER 2: JONATHAN SWIFT AND GULLIVER’S TRAVELS .................... 25 2.1. JONATHAN SWIFT AND HIS WORK ...................................................... 25 2.2. GULLIVER’S TRAVELS ............................................................................... 28 2.2.1. Summary of Gulliver’s Travels ............................................................... 28 2.2.2. Gulliver’s Travels as a Work of Satire ...................................................... 34 2.2.3. The Introduction of Gulliver’s Travels into the British Literary Polysystem . .......................................................................................................................... 43 2.2.4. Paratextual Analysis of Motte’s First Edition and Faulkner’s First Edition of Gulliver’s Travels ..................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 3: CASE STUDY ................................................................................... 57 3.1. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................ 57 3.2. GULLIVER’S TRAVELS IN THE TURKISH LITERARY POLYSYSTEM ............................................................................................. 58 ix 3.3. THE ANALYSIS OF PARATEXTUAL ELEMENTS IN COMPLETE ....... TRANSLATIONS OF GULLIVER’S TRAVELS ......................................... 75 3.3.1. The Publisher’s Peritext .......................................................................... 75 3.3.1.1. Formats............................................................................................. 75 3.3.1.2. Series ................................................................................................ 75 3.3.1.3. The Cover and Its Appendages ......................................................... 77 3.3.1.3.1. Analysis of TT1 .......................................................................