STRUGGLE FOR GENDER EQUALITY REFLECTED IN NIKI CARO’S MULAN (2020): A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree in Department of English Education By: ANINDA SAFFIRA WIHARDI A320170175 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2021 APPROVAL STRUGGLE FOR GENDER EQUALITY REFLECTED IN NIKI CARO’S MULAN (2020): A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE PUBLICATION ARTICLE by: ANINDA SAFFIRA WIHARDI A320170175 Approved by the supervisor to be defended before the Board of Examiners Supervisor, Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. NIK. 410 i ACCEPTANCE STRUGGLE FOR GENDER EQUALITY REFLECTED IN NIKI CARO’S MULAN (2020): A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE by: ANINDA SAFFIRA WIHARDI A320170175 Accepted by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta On 05 July 2021 Board of Examiners 1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S ( ) (Head of Examiners) 2. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum ( ) (Member 1 of Examiners) 3. Dr. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum. ( ) (Member 2 of Examiners) Dean, Prof. Dr. Sutama, M.Pd. NIDN. 0007016002 ii TESTIMONY Herewith, the writer testifies that this publicaticon article there is no plagiarism of the research which has been made before to complete the bachelor degree in the university and as long as the witer knows that there is no work or opinion which ever been published or composed by the other writer or researcher, except those whic the writing referred in the manuscript and mentioned in the bibliography. However, if it proves that there are some untrue statements here, the writer will be fully responsible. Surakarta, 05 Juli 2021 The Writer ANINDA SAFFIRA WIHARDI A320170175 iii STRUGGLE FOR GENDER EQUALITY REFLECTED IN NIKI CARO’S MULAN (2020): A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE Abstrak Kesetaraan gender adalah pandangan bahwa perempuan dan laki-laki harus mendapat kedudukan, partisipasi atau peran yang sama, baik publik maupun domestik dan kesetaraan dalam hak. Film Mulan (2020) karya Niki Caro adalah salah satu film yang mengangkat tema kesetaraan gender. Teknik dalam penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menganalisis perjuangan untuk kesetaraan gender dalam Mulan (2020). Penelitian ini menggunakan teori feminisme liberal. Sumber data yang digunakan meliputi data primer dari film Mulan (2020) dan data sekunder dari penelitian sebelumnya, seperti tesis, dan jurnal yang terkait. Ada tiga hasil yang ditemukan. Ada empat indikator perjuangan kesetaraan gender yang tertuang dalam Mulan (2020). Kedua penggambaran perjuangan kesetaraan gender dan terakhir adalah alasan Niki Caro dalam mengangkat perjuangan kesetaraan gender. Kata Kunci: Perjuangan, Kesetaraan Gender, Mulan, Niki Caro, Teori Feminisme Abstract Gender equality is the view that women and men must have the same position, participation or role, both public and domestic and equality in rights. The film Mulan (2020) by Niki Caro is one of the films with the theme of gender equality. The technique in this research uses literature study. This study analyzes the struggle for gender equality in Mulan (2020). This research uses liberal feminism theory. The data sources used include primary data from the film Mulan (2020) and secondary data from previous studies, such as theses, and related journals. There were three results found. There are four indicators of the struggle for gender equality contained in Mulan (2020). Both depictions of the struggle for gender equality and the last is Niki Caro's reason for raising the struggle for gender equality. Keywords: Stuggle, Gender Equality, Mulan, Niki Caro, Feminism Theory 1. INTRODUCTION Gender equality is a view that women and men should receive the same recognition and behavior, both in terms of position, participation or roles, both public and domestic and equality in rights. Gender equality protects women and girls from exploitation. It is necessary for economic development. In a safer and healthier culture, men and women are valued equally. Equality of rights between men and women is a basic human right. Gender equality is currently a concern for many parties. Many people today are very concerned about gender equality. One person who cares about gender equality issues is a director named Niki Caro. One of Niki Caro's works which tells about the struggle for gender equality is the film Mulan. The struggle to fight for gender equality delivered by Liu Yifei as Mulan, who live at a time of gender equality are not taken care of. Mulan also described how woman can do something a man can do, with even better results. Mulan (2020) and struggle for gender equality itself has been the object and subject of several previous studies. There are comprises of Xu Qingli and Shi Ying (2020), 1 Rahmadani Lailawati, Qory Islami and Mutia Sari Nursafira (2020), Jingzhen Wang (2020) Siti Norma Nasution, I Nyoman Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman Weda Kusuma, and I Nyoman Suarka (2013), Y. Puspita (2018), Moh Muzzaka and Suyanto (2020) and Mytha Candria (2018) There are three researchers using Mulan (2020) as the object. There are Xu Qingli and Shi Ying (2020), Rahmadani Lailawati, Qory Islami and Mutia Sari Nursafira (2020), Jingzhen Wang (2020). Xu Qingli and Shi Ying. analysed from a perspective of female gender identity. Rahmadani Lailawati, Qory Islami, and Mutia Sari Nursafira (2020) used critical discourse analysis. Jingzhen Wang (2020) discussed about the cultural differences and dislocation reflected in the Mulan 2020 and Chinese film Mulan. There are four researchers who researched struggle for gender equality and fight for gender equality. The researchers were Siti Norma Nasution, I Nyoman Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman Weda Kusuma, and I Nyoman Suarka (2013), Y. Puspita (2018), Moh Muzzaka and Suyanto (2020), and the last is Mytha Candria (2018). The difference between the four studies is in the object under study. Siti Norma Nasution, I Nyoman Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman Weda Kusuma, and I Nyoman Suarka examined five novels by Nh. Dini namely La Barka (1975), Jalan Bandungan (1989), Dari parangakik ke Kampuchea (2003), Dari Fontenay ke Magallianes (2005), La Grande Borne (2007). Moh Muzzaka together with Suyanto and Y. Puspita together researched the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban by Abidah El Khalieqy. However, Moh Muzzaka and Suyanto also researched the novel Gadis Pantai by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, while Y. Puspita also researched the novel entitled Geni Jora by Abidah El Khalieqy. 2. METHOD Data collection is very important for this research. Because Mulan (2020) film is the object under study, the researchers took information and screenshots of the Mulan (2020) film scene. To get the information needed, the researchers watched the film Mulan (2020) repeatedly, understood the film's storyline well, the researchers also observed the story from scene by scene. And for less data the researcher took from the internet. This research used a qualitative method the researcher also used a descriptive analysis. The issue discussed in this research was how the struggle for gender equality by using liberal feminism theory. The primary data of this research was taken from Niki Caro’s film Mulan (2020). Mulan is a film produced by Niki Caro in 2020. The duration of Mulan (2020) is 120 minutes. The dates of publication are on September 4th, 2020 in the 2 United States through Disney+ and December 4th, 2020 in Indonesia through Disney+ Hotstar. The secondary data of this research used some related references from previous studies, thesis and journals. To obtain the information, the researcher watched Mulan (2020) several times, captured scenes in related films, took dialogues in scenes, and recorded primary and secondary component data, compiling the data collected. After that, the data were analyzed using liberal feminism theory. 3. FINDING AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Finding 3.1.1 The Indicators of Struggle for Gender Equality 1) Going to the war In fact, going to war in the past is something that is commonly done by men. Especially during the dynasty, women were considered to bring honor to the family when they were married and men were considered to bring honor to the family if they could serve the emperor. The Indicators on going to the war can be found in the minute 0.25.46-0.27.30. When Mulan decided to go to war to replace her father because she believed that even women could do the same with men. 2) Becoming a leader Being a leader is a mandate that is mostly carried out by men. Men are considered born to have a good leadership spirit. But basically women also have the same ability to lead. The Indicators on becoming a leader can be found in the minute 1.19.02-1.19.27. When Mulan led the imperial troops to return to the imperial city because the Rouran troops had diverted their attacks directly on the emperor. 3) Becoming an emperor’s guard In ancient or imperial times it was very common for an emperor’s guard to always consist of men. This is because men are considered more capable than women and have better physical endurance. The Indicators on bcoming an emperor’s guard can be found in the minute 1.43.40-1.43.30. When Mulan was appointed as the emperor's bodyguard. The Indicators on becoming an emperor’s guard also can be found in the minute 1.44.10-1.44.35. 4) Attending war training In the past war training was only attended by men because men were considered to have a stronger physique to undergo war training. The Indicators on attend war training can be found in the minute 0.34.19-0.36.22 and 0.48.58-0.50.19 3 3.1.2 The Depiction of Struggle for Fighting in Gender Equality Struggle for gender equality is an effort made by humans both in individuals and groups to achieve gender equality. This equality includes equality in domestic and public roles which are usually differentiated according to gender.