MONSANTO SURVEY OF GLYPHOSATE AND AMPA IN GROUNDWATERS AND SURFACE WATERS IN EUROPE FINAL REPORT WRc Ref: UC8073.02 NOVEMBER 2009 SURVEY OF GLYPHOSATE AND AMPA IN GROUNDWATERS AND SURFACE WATERS IN EUROPE Report No.: UC8073.02 Date: November 2009 Authors: Helene Horth and Karen Blackmore Contract Manager: Karen Blackmore Contract No.: 15276-0 RESTRICTION: This report has the following limited distribution: External: 3 copies Internal: 3 copies Any enquiries relating to this report should be referred to the authors at the following address: WRc Swindon, Frankland Road, Blagrove, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN5 8YF. Telephone: + 44 (0) 1793 865000 Fax: + 44 (0) 1793 865001 Website: www.wrcplc.co.uk The contents of this document are subject to copyright and all rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. This document has been produced by WRc plc. CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Acknowledgements 7 2. AUSTRIA 8 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 Surface Water 8 2.3 Groundwater 9 2.4 Summary 10 3. BELGIUM 11 3.1 Introduction 11 3.2 Surface Water 11 3.3 Groundwater 15 3.4 Summary 18 4. BULGARIA 19 4.1 Summary 19 5. CYPRUS 20 5.1 Summary 20 6. CZECH REPUBLIC 21 6.1 Summary 21 7. DENMARK 22 7.1 Introduction 22 7.2 Surface Water 22 7.3 Groundwater 22 7.4 Summary 26 8. ESTONIA 27 8.1 Summary 27 9. FINLAND 28 9.1 Introduction 28 9.2 Surface Water 28 9.3 Groundwater 29 9.4 Summary 30 10. FRANCE 31 10.1 Introduction 31 10.2 Surface Water 31 10.3 Groundwater 34 10.4 Summary 36 11. GERMANY 37 11.1 Introduction 37 11.2 Surface Water 37 11.3 Groundwater 47 11.4 Summary 49 12. GREECE 50 12.1 Summary 50 13. HUNGARY 51 13.1 Summary 51 14. IRELAND 52 14.1 Introduction 52 14.2 Surface Water 52 14.3 Groundwater 54 14.4 Summary 54 15. ITALY 55 15.1 Introduction 55 15.2 Surface Water 55 15.3 Groundwater 56 15.4 Summary 56 16. LATVIA 57 16.1 Introduction 57 16.2 Surface Water 57 16.3 Groundwater 57 16.4 Summary 57 17. LITHUANIA 58 17.1 Summary 58 18. LUXEMBOURG 59 18.1 Summary 59 19. MALTA 60 19.1 Introduction 60 19.2 Groundwater 60 19.3 Summary 60 20. NORWAY 61 20.1 Introduction 61 20.2 Surface Water 61 20.3 Groundwater 63 20.4 Summary 64 21. POLAND 65 21.1 Summary 65 22. PORTUGAL 66 22.1 Summary 66 23. ROMANIA 67 23.1 Summary 67 24. SLOVAK REPUBLIC 68 24.1 Introduction 68 24.2 Surface Water 68 24.3 Groundwater 69 24.4 Summary 69 25. SLOVENIA 70 25.1 Summary 70 26. SPAIN 71 26.1 Introduction 71 26.2 Surface Water 71 26.3 Groundwater 72 26.4 Summary 72 27. SWEDEN 73 27.1 Introduction 73 27.2 Surface Water 73 27.3 Groundwater 76 27.4 Summary 79 28. SWITZERLAND 80 28.1 Introduction 80 28.2 Surface water 80 28.3 Groundwater 81 28.4 Summary 83 29. THE NETHERLANDS 84 29.1 Introduction 84 29.2 Surface Water 84 29.3 Groundwater 91 29.4 Summary 92 30. UNITED KINGDOM 94 30.1 Introduction 94 30.2 Surface Water 94 30.3 Groundwater 96 30.4 Summary 98 31. CONCLUSION 99 REFERENCES 101 APPENDICES APPENDIX A PROFESSIONALS / ORGANISATIONS CONTACTED 111 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Summary of glyphosate and AMPA data in surface water in Europe 3 Table 2 Summary of glyphosate and AMPA data in surface water in Europe 4 Table 2.1 Glyphosate and AMPA in groundwater in Austria, 2004 (source: UBA, 2006) 10 Table 3.1 Glyphosate and AMPA in surface waters in Flanders, 2000-2006 (source: MIRA, 2007) 11 Table 3.2 Glyphosate results for Escaut RBD, 2001-2006 (source: Denis Godeaux, Direction Eaux de Surface, Wallonie) 13 Table 3.3 Glyphosate results for the Meuse RBD, 2001-2006 (source: Denis Godeaux, Direction Eaux de Surface, Wallonie) 14 Table 3.4 Glyphosate results for the Rhine (Moselle) RBD, 2003-2004 (source: Denis Godeaux, Direction Eaux de Surface, Wallonie) 15 Table 3.5 Percentage detection of AMPA and glyphosate at groundwater monitoring sites in Flanders, spring 2006 (source: MIRA, 2007 and details from www.milieurapport.be) 16 Table 7.1 Glyphosate and AMPA in the main groundwater surveys in Denmark, 1993 – 20071) (source: GEUS, 2009) 24 Table 7.2 Glyphosate and AMPA in the main groundwater surveys in Denmark, 1993 – 2002 (source: GEUS, 2003) 24 Table 7.3 Glyphosate and AMPA in agricultural watersheds (shallow groundwater) and ‘other observation boreholes’ (mainly small private water supplies) in Denmark, 1993 – 2002, and 1993 – 2007 (source: GEUS, 2003 and 2009) 25 Table 9.1 Surface water monitoring in two rivers in Finland, 2007 to 2009 (source: Mira Grönroos, Finnish Environment Institute SKYE, personal communication, 2009) 29 Table 9.2 Groundwater monitoring in Finland, 2002 to 2008 (source: Tapini Säynätkari, Finnish Environment Institute SKYE, personal communication, 2009) 30 Table 10.1 Glyphosate in French surface waters, 1997 – 2006 (source: extracted from the Ifen database, provided via Monsanto, Annick Geeraerts, personal communication, 2009) 32 Table 10.2 AMPA in French surface waters, 1998 – 2006 (source: extracted from the Ifen database, provided via Monsanto, Annick Geeraerts, personal communication, 2009) 32 Table 10.3 Glyphosate and AMPA detections in the Ile de France region in 2005-06 and 2006-07 (source: DIREN, 2006; DIREN, 2008) 33 Table 10.4 Glyphosate in French groundwater, 1999 – 2006 (source: extracted from the Ifen database, provided via Monsanto, Annick Geeraerts, personal communication, 2009) 35 Table 10.5 AMPA in French groundwater, 1999 – 2006 (source: extracted from the Ifen database, provided via Monsanto, Annick Geeraerts, personal communication, 2009) 35 Table 11.1 Glyphosate and AMPA in surface water in the State of Baden Württemberg, 2006 - 2008 (source: Claudia Früh, LUBW, personal communication, 2009) 38 Table 11.2 Glyphosate and AMPA in the river Main, State of Hessen, 2007-2008 (source: Dr. Peter Seel, Hessisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie, Wiesbaden, personal communication, 2009) 39 Table 11.3 Glyphosate and AMPA in surface waters in Nordrhein-Westfalen, 2006-2008 (Source: NRW FlussWinIMS database, 2009, http://www.elwasims.nrw.de/ims/FlussWinIMS/start.htm) 40 Table 11.4 Glyphosate and AMPA in surface waters in the State of Rheinland- Pfalz, 2004-2007 (source: LUWG, 2009) 41 Table 11.5 Glyphosate and AMPA in surface water in Sachsen-Anhalt, 01.01.2009-04.09.2009 (source: Beate Zedler, LAWA - Representative, Ministry of Environment, Hessen, personal communication, 2009) 44 Table 11.6 Glyphosate and AMPA in surface waters in Thüringen, 1997-2008 (source: data provided by Beate Zedler, LAWA - Representative, Ministry of Environment, Hessen, personal communication, 2009) 45 Table 11.7 Glyphosate and AMPA at water intakes on the Rhine, 1999-2004 (in g l-1) (source: Brauch et al., 2002 and 2003; ARW 2004) 46 Table 11.8 Glyphosate and AMPA on the river Rhine, monthly analyses in 2004 (in g l-1) (source: ARW, 2004) 47 Table 11.9 Glyphosate and AMPA in raw water intakes at Styrom-Ost and Hengsen waterworks (river Ruhr) in 2005 (source: Schlett et al., 2005) 47 Table 11.10 Glyphosate and AMPA in groundwater in Germany, 1996-2008 (source: Dr Wolter, UBA, personal communication, 2009) 48 Table 14.1 Glyphosate monitoring in surface waters in Ireland, 2007 to 2009 (source: provided to Monsanto by Dr.Ciaran O'Donnell, personal communication, 2009) 52 Table 14.2 Glyphosate results from the SE River Basin District, Ireland, 2005 - 2006 (source: TNO, 2007 and TNO, 2008) 53 Table 15.1 Results of glyphosate monitoring in surface waters of the Lombardy Region of Italy, 2005-2007 (source: data provided to Monsanto by Giuseppina Veraldi, Arpa Lombardia) 55 Table 15.2 Results of glyphosate groundwater monitoring in the Lombardy Region of Italy, 2005-2007 (source: provided to Monsanto by Giuseppina Veraldi, Arpa Lombardia) 56 Table 20.1 Glyphosate application in agricultural areas and glyphosate and AMPA detected in streams and rivers in Norway, 1997-2006 (source: Ludvigsen and Lode, 2008) 62 Table 20.2 Glyphosate and AMPA in groundwater in agricultural areas in Norway (source: Ludvigsen and Lode, 2008) 63 Table 24.1 Glyphosate in surface waters in Slovak Republic 2006 – 2008 (source: Lea Mrafkova, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, personal communication, 2009) 68 Table 26.1 Glyphosate data from two river basin districts in Spain with water quality issues (Javier Cachón de Mesa, Head of Environmental Information, Ministry of Environment, personal communication, 2009) 71 Table 27.1 Glyphosate in Swedish surface water, 2000 - 2008 (source: SLU Pesticides Database, 2008, http://pesticid.slu.se) 74 Table 27.2 AMPA in Swedish surface water, 2000 - 2008 (source: SLU Pesticides Database, 2008, http://pesticid.slu.se) 75 Table 27.3 Glyphosate in Swedish groundwater, 2000 - 2008 (source: SLU Pesticides Database, 2008, http://pesticid.slu.se) 77 Table 27.4 Glyphosate detection in groundwater in Regions M, C, O and S, 2000 – 2008 * (source: SLU Pesticides Database, 2008, http://pesticid.slu.se) 78 Table 27.5 AMPA in Swedish groundwater, 2000 - 2008 (source: SLU Pesticides Database, 2008, http://pesticid.slu.se) 79 Table 28.1 Glyphosate and AMPA in surface water in Switzerland (source: Hanke et al., 2008) 81 Table 28.2 Glyphosate and AMPA in groundwater in Switzerland (BAFU, 2009) 82 Table 29.1 Glyphosate and AMPA in surface water in the Netherlands in 2006 (source: Pesticides Atlas, 2008, last updated 13 Dec.