To fight or not to fight? To fight or not to fight? Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Bibliografia: Ewa Polak-Pałkiewicz, Najdziwniejszy z dyktatorów. Jak umierał Romuald Traugu. To fight or not to fight? Bale of Grochów Source: Wojciech Kossak, Olszynka Grochowska, 1928, domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn why Poles fought with Napoleon and what we owe him; place in time and characterize the most important events of Polish national uprisings; to explain how Poles tried to keep their identity; and about the prominent Polish figures of the 19th century; what were the consequences of the struggle against the occupants. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu Napoleon Bonaparte Source: Jacques Louis David, The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries, 1812, oil on canvas, domena publiczna. After the fall of the Commonwealth the Poles tried to regain independence by way of armed fighting. At first, they fought next to Napoleon Bonaparte. Thanks to him, the Duchy of Warsaw was established on the Polish territory in 1807. Subsequent successes of the French emperor raised the Poles’ hopes for an independent country; unfortunately, his defeat put the dream of freedom to an end. The Kingdom of Poland, established in 1815 under the scepter of the Russian Tsar, became a substitute of Poland to many compatriots. The separation of powers, civil liberties, liberal constitution and above all the adjective “Polish” in the name, gave hope for a change of the Tsar’s policy. However, the reality turned out completely different, and breaching the constitution led Poles to attempts to regain independence on their own through uprisings. The biggest were: The November Uprising (in 1830) and the January Uprising (in 1863), both outbreaking in the Russian partition. They both ended with defeats of the insurgents. The consequences of the uprisings turned out to be more serious than expected. Heavy repressions – harsh prison sentences, deportations and resettlements deep into the Russian territory, abolition of the constitution and eventually abolition of the autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland and the Kingdom itself, as well as political emigration made a great loss in the nation. Exercise 1 Specify the years of the following events. Połącz wydarzenia z datami 1795, 1772, 1791, 1794, 1793 First Paron of Poland Constuon of 3 May Second Paron of Poland Kościuszko Uprising Third Paron of Poland Exercise 2 Following the parons Poland ceased to exist as an independent country. Which powers shared its lands? Sweden Austria Russia France Switzerland England Prussia Exercise 3 How much me passed from the Third Paron of Poland to regaining independence? less than a century 123 years 132 years 99 years more than a century Exercise 4 Use the SWOT analysis and try to make a decision on starng an armed fight for independence. Poles will decide for themselves., Occupant countries ignore the opinions of Poles., Poles enjoy some autonomy., Those who want to change something in the country are persecuted, e.g. imprisoned or taken far into the Russian territory., The whole world will know that Poles have not come to terms with the loss of independence., Polish language can be used, Polish instuons are funconing., Poles will be even more persecuted., Poland has no chance to win a war with the occupant countries., The occupants do not comply with the law., The occupant will take revenge on Poles and they will lose even the autonomy they already have., The best young Poles - the naon’s hope, will die fighng., Poland will regain full independence., Out of convenience, people prefer to collaborate with the occupant authories and forget about their Polish identy. S - strengths W - weaknesses O - opportunies T - threats Task 1 Listen to the teacher talking about the Poles fighng next to Napoleon and the establishment of the Duchy of Warsaw, and take a look at the map. The Duchy of Warsaw Source: Krysan Chariza i zespół. Exercise 5 The armies of Napoleon defeated two occupants of Poland, but they did not succeed in defeang the third. The lands of which of the parons were not included in the Duchy of Warsaw? Prussian Austrian Russian Task 2 Watch the gallery of painngs showing the November Uprising. Think about the meaning of the saying “lost chance uprising”. Bale of Stoczek (14 II 1831) Source: Jan Rosen, Bitwa pod Stoczkiem, domena publiczna. “ Task 3 Look at the map of the November Uprising. Pay aenon to the bales and the term “Great Emigraon” from the legend. The November Uprising and the beginning of the war with Russia Source: Krysan Chariza i zespół. Exercise 6 Based on the illustraons or informaon you found on your own, match the military events to dates. XII 1830, I 1831, 14 II 1831, 25 II 1831, IV 1831, V 1831, IX 1831, X 1831, Dethronement of Tsar from the Polish throne, Formaon of Naonal Government, Most insurgents and uprising leaders emigrate to the Western Europe. The uprising falls. Date Event XII 1830 Dethronement of Tsar from the Polish throne I 1831 Formaon of Naonal Government 14 II 1831 25 II 1831 IV 1831 V 1831 IX 1831 X 1831 Most insurgents and uprising leaders emigrate to the Western Europe. The uprising falls. Task 4 Find out more about the coat of arms adopted during the November Uprising. Task 5 Based on the text, describe the figure of Romuald Traugu. What can you say about the method of fighng of the insurgents? Ewa Polak-Pałkiewicz “ The strangest of dictators. How was Romuald Traugutt dying Romuala Traugu Source: domena publiczna. Here is a young captain of the tsarist army, decorated with orders for his bravery on the balefield. A man who has been striving for stability and a peaceful existence within his family for all the years of his youth and adult life, with extraordinary consistency. He abandons the home where he enjoyed immense happiness. He goes to the forest. First, he becomes the commander of the insurgent parsan army in Volhynia, and then – a one-man „naonal government”. He used to win bales with prevailing Russian forces; he became the terror of the area. The occupants were convinced that they were dealing with a serious military force, while there were only 192 insurgents (160 landowners and 32 clerks from Kobryn). On 17 October 1863 he took over the Naonal (Uprising) Government. He was asked to do so, but there was no need to urge him. Titled „president” and „dictator”, he was basically the one-man leader of the uprising. He was prepared for everything. He knew that parcipaon in the uprising, especially taking over the helm of the Naonal Government, would end - if the uprising did not succeed - with his martyrdom. When the Russians came to arrest him at night in a Warsaw apartment at Smolna Street, he said only two words: „That’s it…”. Source: Ewa Polak-Pałkiewicz, The strangest of dictators. How was Romuald Traugu dying. Exercise 7 Match the regulaons implemented by Russian authories following the fall of the January Uprising with relevant groups. Some of them may belong two both groups. Censors shall control prinng, prinng houses, reading rooms, bookstores and libraries, as well as theater plays and arsc exhibions., The head of the Vistula Country shall be governor- general., Insurgents caught with arms shall be hanged., Those who were parcularly acve in the uprising shall be intended for hard works in Siberia., Maral law shall be introduced., Polish ministries shall be abolished. Maral law shall be introduced., Those who parcipated in the uprising shall be exiled to Siberia., The name Kingdom of Poland shall be abolished. From now on the territory shall be called the Vistula Country., Traveling between gubernias shall require special permits and passports., The official language shall be Russian., Establishing any associaons shall require a special permit from the authories., The official language shall be Russian. Regulaons ruining the autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland Regulaons affecng the daily life of families Exercise 8 Match the dates, figures and concepts with the November or January Uprising. Arsenal, Stoczek, November Night, enfranchisement of peasants, Vistula Country, 1830-31, Aleksander Wielopolski, Piotr Wysocki, 1863-64, Romuald Traugu, The Whites and the Reds, Great Emigraon, impressment, Józef Chłopicki November Uprising January Uprising Keywords national uprisings, partitions, Russian partition Glossary autonomy Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: autonomy autonomia – możliwość samodzielnego decydowania w pewnych sprawach (najczęściej wewnętrznych) w ramach przynależności do innego, zwierzchniego państwa. invaders Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: invaders najeźdźcy – państwa, które dokonały zajęcia przemocą terytorium innego państwa. repressions Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: repressions represje – nieuczciwe kary nałożone przez państwo na obywateli lub prześladowania w formie odwetu wobec grupy. Polish Legions Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: Polish Legions Polskie Legiony – polskie formacje wojskowe, utworzone we Włoszech, walczące u boku Napoleona. Ich celem była walka o odzyskanie niepodległości. coalion/alliance Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: coalition/alliance koalicja – porozumienie kilku państw, grup lub organizacji, którego zadaniem jest osiągnięcie wspólnego celu, np. pokonanie wroga. confiscaon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: confiscation konfiskata – pozbawienie części lub całości majątku na rzecz państwa. emigraon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: emigration emigracja – wyjazd, opuszczenie kraju na jakiś czas lub na stałe, może być dobrowolna lub przymusowa. post-Sevastopol thaw Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: post‐Sevastopol thaw odwilż posewastopolska – okres w historii Rosji po jej klęsce w wojnie krymskiej charakteryzujący się pewną liberalizacją życia politycznego. impressment Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie słówka: impressment branka – potoczna nazwa poboru do wojska rosyjskiego w 1863 r.