ARCHIV KARKI no. 120935 SHARING LOCAL AND NATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN CONSERVATION OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN SOUTH ASIA DPC SHARING LOCAL AND NATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN CONSERVATION OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN SOUTH ASIA Proceedings of the workshop held at Pokhara, Nepal 21-23 January 2001 Editors Nirmal Bhattarai Madhav Karki Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Program in Asia (MAPPA), InternationalDevelopment Research Centre (IDRC), Canada South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India; Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, HMG/Nepal and Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal October 2002 @ 2002 International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Program in Asia (MAPPA) is a joint initiation of International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada & Ford Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includingphotocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permissionin writing from the publisher. The presentation of materials in this publication and in maps that appear herein does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of MAPPAor IDRC concerning the legal status of any country, or the delineation of frontiers or boundaries. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program in Asia (MAPPA) International Development Research Centre (IDRC) South Asia Regional Office (SARO) 208 Jor Bagh New Delhi 110003 INDIA Design and production: Art Options Tel: 26528311 Telefax: 26510589 Email: [email protected] HMG/Nepal Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation (MFSC) is the principal agency assigned with the policy-making, project implementation, forest resourcemanagement and coordination tasks of the Government of Nepal in the field of forest and related natural resources. It has five functional departments separately for forest, soil conservation, research, wildlife and plant resourcesand a number of corporations. The ministry has recently set up a National NTFP and Jadibuti Development Committee under the chairmanship of the Minister with members representing all the majorstakeholders which will set policies, coordinate research and development activities and carry out, and bring various partners together for achieving the goal of sustainable use of medicinal and NTFP resources. The secretariat of the committee is located in the Departmentof Plant Resources of the MFSC with which MAPPA plans to work in future. IDRC CRDI The InternationalDevelopment Research Centre (IDRC) is a public corporation established by the Parliament of Canada in 1970. The Centre was created to help communities in the developing world find practical solutions to the social, economic, and environmental problems they face. Support is directed toward broadening local knowledge and capacity to enable communitiesto build healthier, more equitable, and more prosper societies. IDRC supports innovations within South —creative, effective, long-term solutions to development problems that work in local conditions. In doing so, IDRC also strengthens the overall capability of research institutions to generatepolicies and technologies that can help create more equitable societies. The Governmentof Canada finances IDRC; its policies are however set by an international Board of Governors. The Centre's headquarter is located in Ottawa, Canada. There are six regional offices located in Africa, Asia and Latin America. MAPPA The Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program in Asia (MAPPA) is a program of strategic research, networkingand collaboration to comprehensively address critical research issues related to the sustainable and equitable use of medicinal and aromatic plants in Asia. Through collaboration and partnerships, and based within a regional approach to these issues, MAPPA is involved in formulating and implementing a holistic program which will complement and build on other related research and development activities in South Asia. The general objective of MAPPA is to enhance the sustainable and equitable use of medicinal and aromatic plant resourcesin Asia. Initially, MAPPA is focusing its research and developmentefforts in South Asia region only. This will be achieved by supporting strategic research, building partnershipsamong the key stakeholders including donors, and enhancing regional and international networking. Photographs on the cover page (from left to right): 1. Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Taxaceae) 2. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo (Orchidaceae) 3. Butea monosperma(Lam.) Kuntze (Papilionaceae) Contents FOREWORD 7 INAUGURAL STATEMENTS 9 Welcome Statement 11 Madhav Karki Message from Ford Foundation 13 Doris Capistrano Inaugural Remark 15 Elizabeth Fajber Inaugural Speech 17 Rabi Bahadur Bista Remarks from the Chairperson 19 Danria J. Leaman Vote of Thanks 21 AbhoyK. Das LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 23 THEME PAPERS 31 Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal and aromatic products 33 in North America: Are there really lessons to be learned? A. L. (Tom) Hammett and James Chamberlain Improved harvesting,processing and storage of medicinal plants: 42 Their role in conservation and quality of plant-based drugs V. P. K. Nambiar 3 Sharing Local and NationalExperience in Conservationof Medical and AromaticPlants in South Asia Highlights and outcomes of the Conservation Assessment and 46 Management Planning (CAMP)Workshop, Pokhara, Nepal Nirmal Bhattarai, V. Tandon and D. K. Ved Policy and institutional bottlenecks: Possibilities for 54 NTFP development in Nepal Keshav Raj Kanel Recent trends in medicinal,plants research 62 M. Iqbal Choudhary and Atta-ur-Rahman POSTER PRESENTATIONS 67 LEARNINGFROM CONSERVATIONEXPERIENCES Conservation Assessmentand ManagementPlanning (CAMP) 69 for Prioritization of medicinal and aromatic plants in Nepal: Commentson behalf of the IUCN/SSCMedicinal Plant Specialist Group (MPSG) Danna J. Leaman Health care development and medicinal plants conservation at Shey Phoksundo National Park, Nepal Y. Aumeeruddy Thomas, Y. C. Lama and S. K. Ghimire Ex-situ conservation of medicinal plants by backyard home 93 garden for primary health care in Bangladesh Ferdousi Begum Developing methodologies for sustainable managementof high 96 value medicinal and aromatic plants in Jumla district, Nepal Sunil Regmi and Sagun Bista Action research on non-timber forest products in central 101 mid-hills region, Nepal Damodar P. Parajuli Resource base and conservation strategies of medicinal and 105 aromatic plants in Pakistan Zahoor Ahmad and A. Ghafoor 4 Contents Conservation and cultivation of medicinal plant genetic resources 110 in Pakistan Shakeel Haider Zaidi Local managementof medicinal and aromatic plants in 122 Gorkha district, Nepal Helle 0. Larsen Community oriented conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants 130 in the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttranchal, India Arun K. Badoni and Kiran Arun Conserving medicinal plants in southern India 135 Ravi Kumar Threatenedmedicinal plants of Maharashtrastate, India 139 P. Tetali Sustainable model for the conservation and promotionof non-timber 141 forest product species: Experiences from Chhatishgarhstate, India J. A. C. 5. Rao POSTERPRESENTATIONS 143 STRATEGIES FOR EQUITABLE COMMERCIALIZATION Commercial use of biodiversity and equity: Are they compatible? 145 Bhishma P. Subedi and Hemant R. Ojha Conservation of non-timber forest products in the mid-western 163 Terai community forests of Nepal: A participatory approach Rana B. Rawal Motivating actions to sustain the medicinal plant resource of the 173 Indian sub-continent: Reports of the medicinal plant stakeholders' meet Puslip K. lain Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal and aromatic plants: 179 IUCN's efforts in Nepal Mohan Siwakoti and Sagendra Tiwari Promotion of medicinal and aromatic plants by small farmers through 185 training and capacity building: Experience of the HPPCL, Nepal Dhruv R. Bhattarai and Pradip Maharjan 5 Sharing Local andNational Experience in Conservationof Medical and Aromatic Plants in South Asia An overview of medicinal and aromatic plant resourcesin 188 Humla district, Nepal Prem N. Kandel International conventions and non-wood forest product trade: Implications on conservation of biodiversity Padam P. Bhojvaid Conservation and commercialization of medicinal and aromatic 207 plants of the Terai region, Nepal Rabindra N. Shukla POSTERPRESENTATIONS 209 IMPROVINGTHE QUALITY OF TRADITIONALMEDICINE Tengboche High Altitude Herbal Medicine Project: Experiences in the Sagarmatha NationalPark, Nepal Kate Armstrong,Michael W. Schmitz and Helen Cawley Quality control of Ayurvedic medicines produced in 215 Ritigala area, Sri Lanka L.Arambewela, S. Perera, M. Arawwawala and P. Dissanayake Sustainability of traditional herbal medicines practiced in 220 Andhra Pradesh, India S. Vedavathy Sustainable medicinal plants conservation in the JFM areas: 226 A case from Madhya Pradesh, India Prodyut Bhattacharya and Bhaskar Mitra Ethnobiotic alternatives to modern brooding techniques 238 Krishna Kaphie Medicinal plants of Nepal in the Ayurvedic contexts 244 Narendra Nath Tiwari EVALUATIONAND RECOMMENDATIONS 245 Summary of participants' comments 247 Workshop recommendations for the sustainable management 257 of medicinal and aromatic plants Workshop evaluation by the participants 259 6 FOREWORD Human ingenuity, traditional knowledge makers, researchers, resourcemanagers, and gains of modern science have conservation scientists, field workers, enabled us to explore