Revista Número #07 I Marzo - Abril 2015 Publicaciones Spain’s current standing in India: its image and political relations Offset strategy: ¿hacia un nuevo paradigma de defensa en EEUU? A revolution within the revolution: the Houthi movement and the new political dynamics in Yemen El Golfo y su creciente intervencionismo en Oriente Medio Cooperación antiterrorista entre España y Marruecos What are the prospects for the new Chinese-led Silk Road and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank? The Ukraine Conflict, Economic- Military Power Balances, and Economic Sanctions: lessons from the past for future EU policies Rectificando el desconocimiento mutuo: redescubrir Filipinas como puerta de entrada a la ASEAN L‘Union de l‘Énergie commence dans les Pyrénées Spain and the UN Security Council: Entrevista con... global governance, human rights and Roberto Toscano democratic values Caminando sobre arenas movedizas: EULEX, corrupción y el informe Actividades Jacqué Presentación del Informe Elcano “España mirando al sur: del Catalonia and the evolution of jihadist Mediterráneo al Sahel” terrorism in Spain Conectados Reunión del Consejo Científico Spain and Poland: strategic partners Elcano en las redes sociales del Real Instituto Elcano in a Union in flux Coordinadora: Mª Dolores de Azategui © 2015 Real Instituto Elcano C/ Príncipe de Vergara, 51 28006 Madrid www.realinstitutoelcano.org ISSN: 2341-4006 Depósito Legal: M-14968-2014 En este número... En esta ocasión, la sección de Publicaciones incluye temas como la imagen de España en la India; la Offset strategy y el nuevo paradigma de la defensa de EEUU; Yemen y el movimiento Houthi; la creciente intervención de los países del Golfo en Oriente Medio; la cooperación entre España y Marruecos en materia antiterrorista; o la nueva Ruta de la Seda y la creación del Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank; asimismo, aborda otras cuestiones tales como las lecciones para la UE del conflicto en Ucrania; el redescubrimiento de Filipinas como puerta de entrada a la ASEAN; la importancia de la Unión de la Energía para la Península Ibérica; España en el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas; el informe Jacqué y las alegaciones de corrupción en la Misión EULEX; la evolución del terrorismo yihadista en Cataluña; y, finalmente, la importancia de la asociación estratégica de España y Polonia dentro de la Unión Europea. Roberto Toscano, diplomático italiano que dirigió durante años la Unidad de Estudios y Planificación en La Farnesina, y que fue también embajador en Irán y en India, es el protagonista de la Entrevista realizada por Andrés Ortega, investigador senior del Real Instituto Elcano. Entre las Actividades organizadas en los meses de marzo y abril, cabe destacar la presentación del Informe Elcano “España mirando al sur: del Mediterráneo al Sahel”, que tuvo lugar en la sede de Casa África en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, y la reunión del Consejo Científico del Real Instituto Elcano, que contó con la presencia de S.M. el Rey. Se celebraron también la mesa redonda sobre “The hybrid war and the challenge of peace in Ukraine”; los seminarios sobre “Connecting Asia and Europe in a Changing World”; “Illicit financial flows” (celebrado en Bruselas); “España y Estados Unidos ante los desafíos de la Ciberseguridad”; y “Las relaciones Marruecos-España: realidad y perspectivas de fortalecimiento”, reunión que se desarrolló en Rabat. Francisco Polo, director en España de Change.org participó en una nueva edición de las Conversaciones Elcano; y se realizaron las presentaciones, entre otros, del nuevo boletín “Ciber- Elcano” y del “European Foreign Policy Scorecard 2015”. Jens Stoltenberg, secretario general de la OTAN; Ditmir Bushati, ministro de Asuntos Exteriores de Albania; o Moisés Naím, reconocido economista y escritor, fueron algunos de los principales invitados que visitaron el Instituto. En la sección Conectados se recoge la presencia del Real Instituto Elcano en las redes sociales, principalmente en Twitter, a través de los tuits más destacados, así como el storify del debate sobre el Policy Paper “España en el mundo durante 2015: perspectivas y desafíos”. Como cierre de este número de la Revista Elcano se recoge la evolución de los seguidores en Twitter en 2015. Contenidos Publicaciones 7 Spain’s current standing in India: its 98 Rectificando el desconocimiento image and political relations mutuo: redescubrir Filipinas como Rubén Campos Palarea puerta de entrada a la ASEAN 41 Offset strategy: ¿hacia un nuevo Ricardo G. Barcelona y paradigma de defensa en EEUU? Bernardo M. Villegas Luis Simón 133 L´Union de l´Énergie commence 49 A revolution within the revolution: the dans les Pyrénées Houthi movement and the new political Gonzalo Escribano dynamics in Yemen 135 Spain and the UN Security Council: Ramón Blecua global governance, human rights and 58 El Golfo y su creciente intervencionismo democratic values en Oriente Medio Jessica Almqvist Haizam Amirah Fernández y Mercedes 141 Caminando sobre arenas movedizas: Fernández Gómez EULEX, corrupción y el informe Jacqué 66 Cooperación antiterrorista entre España Salvador Llaudes y Francisco Sánchez y Marruecos 144 Catalonia and the evolution of Fernando Reinares y jihadist terrorism in Spain Carola García-Calvo Fernando Reinares & 74 What are the prospects for the new Carola García-Calvo Chinese-led Silk Road and Asian 146 Spain and Poland: strategic partners in Infrastructure Investment Bank? a Union in flux Mario Esteban Elcano Royal Institute and Miguel Otero-Iglesias and the Polish Institute of International 86 The Ukraine Conflict, Economic-Military Affairs (PISM) Power Balances, and Economic Sanctions: lessons from the past for future EU policies Christopher Davis Actividades 155 159 Presentación del Informe Elcano “España mirando al sur: del Entrevista con... Mediterráneo al Sahel” Reunión del Consejo Científico Roberto Toscano del Real Instituto Elcano Conectados 163 Elcano en las redes sociales Publicaciones Spain’s current standing in India: its image and political relations Rubén Campos This working paper The aim of this Elcano region’s growing importance forms part of an Elcano Royal Institute initiative is to on the international stage, Royal Institute initiative contribute to the debate on especially in the political and aimed at analysing the position Spain occupies economic spheres. in Asia and the space that Spain’s relations with should be given to the Asian The absence of a strong key Asian countries. The dimension in Spanish foreign national image in the most initiative unfolds in the policy, with special focus on important Asian capitals, context of the region’s ties with key countries in the a lack of awareness of the region. In such a context, the growing importance on technological and commercial aim of this working paper is to capabilities of the most the international stage, present a series of proposals internationally-inclined especially in the political to improve Spain’s image in Spanish companies and and economic spheres. India and cement a new era the traditionally low profile in bilateral political relations. of political relations: these are the hurdles Spain must (1) Introduction overcome in order to foster a new dynamic in its relations (1.1) The study’s objectives in this region. The Spanish and methodology government, aware of the This working paper forms part importance of the challenge, of an Elcano Royal Institute announced via the Ministry initiative aimed at analysing of Foreign Affairs and Spain’s relations with key Cooperation its Asia-Pacific Asian countries. The initiative Framework Plans in the year unfolds in the context of the 2000. Successive versions of 7 these plans have coordinated focusing on Spain’s image (1.2) The 60th anniversary government efforts to increase in India and political relations of the establishment Spanish presence and visibility between the two countries. of diplomatic relations in the region, seeking new between Spain and India ways to underpin Spain’s The paper is based on and the challenge of image and performance in the author’s own personal cementing a new era a part of the world that has knowledge of the Indian In July 1988 the then Prime brighter prospects than any scene and relations between Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi, other. the two countries1, backed paid a three-day state visit up by reference to the most to Spain. Over the course The aim of this Elcano recent literature on these of the visit he expressed his Royal Institute initiative is to issues and in particular by a admiration for Spain’s political contribute to the debate on field study involving personal and economic evolution since the position Spain occupies interviews and questionnaires the democratic transition and in Asia and the space that undertaken with diplomats, tried to convince his Spanish should be given to the Asian civil servants, politicians, interlocutors, among them dimension in Spanish foreign business people, academics, the leader of the government, policy, with special focus on journalists and representatives Felipe González, to ties with key countries in the of non-governmental strengthen trade links, to set region. In such a context, the organisations, both in India up mechanisms for political aim of this working paper is to and Spain. The author would cooperation in such areas present a series of proposals like to express his gratitude as the fight against terrorism to improve Spain’s image in to all those who have shared and to encourage knowledge India and cement a new era in their valuable time and transfer in fields such as bilateral political relations. knowledge with him in recent tourism and the process of months, and in particular all European regional integration. This working paper is divided those who have read early into three main parts: an versions of this text and put The Indian delegation was introduction concerning India’s forward suggestions and ideas extremely interested in importance as an object of for its improvement. They have fostering greater commercial interest for Spanish foreign all contributed in a decisive exchange and improving and economic policy, followed way to the development of this political relations with by two longer sections working paper.