EVALUATION REPORT Photo Credit: Forcier MOZAMBIQUE’S STRENGTHENING COMMUNITIES THROUGH INTEGRATED PROGRAMMING (SCIP) EX-POST EVALUATION WASH Ex-Post Evaluation Series—Water Communications and Knowledge Management (CKM) Project July 2020 THIS DOCUMENT WAS PREPARED BY ECODIT LLC AND SOCIAL IMPACT INC. FOR USAID UNDER THE WATER CKM PROJECT IDIQ NO. AID-OAA-I-14-00069; TASK ORDER NO. AID-OAA-TO-15-00046. AUTHORITY Prepared for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Water and Development Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity Contract No. AID-OAA-I-14-00069, Task Order No. AID-OAA-TO-15-00046, awarded September 17, 2015, entitled “Water Communications and Knowledge Management (CKM) Project.” This final report is made possible by the support of the American people through USAID. The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of ECODIT LLC and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. The Water CKM project team, comprised of ECODIT LLC and Social Impact Inc., prepared this report under the leadership of Holly Dentz, Senior Technical Specialist, Leslie Hodel, Senior Technical Specialist, and Kari Nelson, Technical Director. i | E3/WATER CKM: SCIP EX-POST EVALUATION FINAL REPORT USAID.GOV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The evaluation team (ET) would like to thank the current and former staff at the implementer World Vision for their participation and provision of documentation and valuable feedback. The ET also appreciates Forcier Consulting’s provision of data collection services. The ET is grateful to Bacelar Muneme for his consulting services, especially his insight into the water and sanitation sector in Mozambique and contributions to securing documentation and qualitative data collection. The ET would like to acknowledge the support of Grace Tang and Andrew Chatting who contributed to the evaluation. The ET also thanks the staff at USAID, including Gastao Mendes, Ken Hassan, Abigail Jones, Elizabeth Jordan, Alison Macalady, Maria “Ella” Lazarte, Nga Nguyen, Leonor Domingos, Sheila Zacarias, and Clara Dimene for their support and feedback through the entire evaluation process. Finally, the ET would like to thank the many stakeholders who spoke with us about the SCIP activity. The support and engagement of these organizations and stakeholders proved invaluable during the evaluation process. USAID.GOV E3/WATER CKM: SCIP/USAID EX-POST EVALUATION FINAL REPORT | ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Authority ......................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... iii Figures ........................................................................................................................................... iv Tables ............................................................................................................................................. v Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................vii Purpose and Overview .............................................................................................................................................. vii Scope and Design ........................................................................................................................................................ vii Key Findings ................................................................................................................................................................. viii Water Points........................................................................................................................................................... viii Sanitation ................................................................................................................................................................... ix Handwashing ............................................................................................................................................................. ix WASH Capacity, Integration, and Resilience ..................................................................................................... x Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................................... x Recommendations ........................................................................................................................................................ xi INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 Overview of Activity and Budget .............................................................................................................................. 2 Implementation and Intervention Approach........................................................................................................... 3 SCIP Key Results ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 EVALUATION QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................... 7 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 8 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Evaluation Team ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 Data Collection Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Qualitative Interviews .............................................................................................................................................. 9 Quantitative Data ................................................................................................................................................... 10 Sampling ......................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Quality Checks ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 Analysis .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Limitations ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................... 14 Water Points and Use ................................................................................................................................................ 14 Findings ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................. 23 Household Latrines ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 Findings ...................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................. 31 Handwashing................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Findings ...................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................. 36 WASH Capacity, Integration, and Resilience ....................................................................................................... 36 Findings ...................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................