International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 12, Issue 3, March 2021, pp. 766-786, Article ID: IJARET_12_03_071 Available online at https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=12&Issue=3 ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499 DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.12.3.2021.071 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed CATENARY BASED THIN SHELL: BIO-INSPIRED FORM AND STRUCTURE Atul Setya Research Scholar, Sushant University, Department of Art and Architecture, Golf Course Road, Huda, Sushant Lok-2, Sector 55, Gurugram, Haryana, India Dr. Tejwant Brar Sushant University, Department of Art and Architecture, Golf Course Road, Huda, Sushant Lok-2, Sector 55, Gurugram, Haryana, India Nitti Negi School of Architecture, Galgotias University, Yamuna express way plot no.-17A, Greater Noida, India Vidhi Agarwal School of Architecture, Galgotias University, Yamuna express way plot no.-17A, Greater Noida, India ABSTRACT Human being always tries to make his own signature or presence by developing shelters and settlements. In his first attempt they just learn from nature and use its simpler form of complex nature structural system. They use to understand this complex system by attempt of defining it through mathematical and geometrical tools. Through these attempts they are getting closure to nature structural system. They also learn stability and variability in natural structures are because of potential energy inside the structures. Biomimicry leads to imitation of living nature that is highly interdisciplinary and involves understanding the functions, structures and principles of various objects in nature that lead to inspired design, adaptation and derivation from living nature. This paper will focus the evolution of bioinspired design and how it manifests in built-environment through different forms and structures in evolved from nature. The study has intended to show new approaches to have new era of architecture, by taking inspiration from nature in different perspectives. Key words: Nature, Inspiration, Forms, Structure, Catenary. Cite this Article: Atul Setya, Tejwant Brar, Nitti Negi, Vidhi Agarwal, Catenary Based Thin Shell: Bio-Inspired Form and Structure, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 12(3), 2021, pp. 766-786. https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=12&Issue=3 https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 766 [email protected] Catenary Based Thin Shell: Bio-Inspired Form and Structure 1. INTRODUCTION Biomimicry, bioinspired design, biomimetic are terms often used interchangeably to broadly reference the abstraction of good design from nature [1]. Nature-inspired biomimicry is a way to look at the natural world to find design solutions that will enable us to develop new building design concepts. The field of bio mimetics is highly interdisciplinary, involving the interpretation of the biological functions, structures and concepts of different objects found in nature by biologists, physicists, chemists and material scientists, and it can lead to the biologically inspired design, adaptation or derivation from living nature. The word biomimicry emerged in 1982 and it was invented and published in her most important book of 1997 (Biomimicry Invention Influenced by Nature) by the popular scientist Janine Benyus. Biomimicry has been described in her book as the new science which studies nature patterns and imitates those designs to solve human problems.'' She also claimed to look nature as a “Model, Measure and Mentor” and also indicated that sustainability is the main objective of biomimicry. Nature as model- Biomimicry is a modern science that examines nature trends, and then imitates or draws inspiration from these mechanisms and processes to solve human problems. e.g., a solar cell inspired by a leaf. Nature as measure- Biomimicry uses an environmentally friendly criterion to assess the "rightness" of our inventions. It has discovered after 3.8 billion years of evolution: What works. What is right? What's to last? Nature as mentor- Biomimicry is a modern way of looking at nature and its value. It introduces an age which is not based on what we can derive from the natural world but on what we can learn from it [2]. Bio-inspired design and the broader area of design-by-analogy have formed the basis of many groundbreaking designs throughout history; but much remains to be learned about these design techniques, their underlying cognitive mechanisms and preferred teaching methods and supporting them. Biomimicry is the most imaginative and inventive way of searching for sustainable solutions to the human problem by imitating and emulating nature through its analogies, methods, and patterns. Biomimetic science aims to solve the problems of the human race by recognizing and imitating the many elusive elements of nature. Since centuries ago designers and architects have regarded nature as a significant source of inspiration. Biomimicry claims that nature is the strongest, most strong and guaranteed source of inspiration for designers as a result of the 3.85 billion years of human evolution, as it possesses a gigantic expertise in solving environmental and resident problems [3]. 1.1. Levels of Biomimicry Besides these two previously discussed methods, three types of biomimicry must also be applied to design problems. It is evident and well known from biomimetic technologies and techniques that there are three stages of mimicry: the level of the cell, the level of actions and the level of the ecosystems. The organism stage represents the imitation of some organism, or the imitation of a part of the entire organism. The second stage is the mimicry of actions that all species act upon. The third level is the imitation of the entire environment and this level is considered to be the most difficult level, because it focuses on a technically very challenging problem to imitate. There are five dimensions across each level which decide to what extent the mimicry exists. The concept is classified as biomimicry in the manner in which it looks (form), what it is made of (material), how it is made (construction), how it functions (process) and what it is capable (function). These levels are very relevant and complement the approaches to biomimicry [3]. https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 767 [email protected] Atul Setya, Tejwant Brar, Nitti Negi, Vidhi Agarwal 2. BIOMIMETIC IN ART AND ARCHITECTURE For functionality and commercial applications scientists and engineers take inspiration from living nature. For similar reasons, artists and architects are taking inspiration from nature but with the added aesthetic element. They integrate many bioinspired concepts in both practical and ornamental ways. The artists use different patterns found in nature for beauty and design. Artists and architects also build techniques for design through the integration of patterns and structure found in natural forms. In addition, as nanostructured surfaces or materials with functional hierarchy are being created, these are also being integrated into design practice from the nanoscale to the macroscale. Both artists and architects aspire to step into an inspired environment, beyond direct representation. This can take many forms, but particularly when they work out of nature they derive properties and concepts from the objects of nature and integrate this structure into their work. This is done not only as a direct representation or ornamentation of the style, but as an integral part of the development of the work. 2.1. Bio-inspiration in Architecture: Plants Oak tree Durham Cathedral, Durham, UK Evergreen forest Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain Lily pad Lilypad, World Oceans Figure 1 Examples of bio inspiration in architecture derived from plants (Fig. 1) Shows architecture drawing its inspiration from plants in nature: Shows architecture drawing its inspiration from plants in nature: support columns in Durham Cathedral in Durham, UK, inspired by individual trees by William of St Carilef (left); support columns in La Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain by Antoni Gaudí, inspired by groups of trees (left) and Callebaut's Lilypad scheme, inspired by a lilypad (left) [4]. https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 768 [email protected] Catenary Based Thin Shell: Bio-Inspired Form and Structure The Cathedral of Durham is a Romanesque cathedral built in the northeast of England. The Romanesque style originated in Normandy, and spread to other parts of Europe, including England from there. The architecture of the Durham Cathedral was based on on an interpretation of the relationship between the top of a tree (branches, leaves, and the impact of external forces such as wind upon it) and the support given by a tree's trunk. Trees that are too heavy (or, in other words, don't have enough trunk support for top load) fall over either on their own or in a strong wind. Thus, Durhamare shaped interior support columns to withstand the weight of the ceiling above and the increased forces acting on a higher line of the roof. This has spread the load and made the exterior walls thinner, as well as taller. This exploratory activity provided an avenue for the growth of Gothic architecture, in which wall thickness was further decreased, wall height began to increase and the use of stained glass windows proliferated due to the dematerialization of the walls [5]. Antoni Gaudí, influenced by much in the natural world, began work in 1882 on La Sagrada Familia Cathedral (The Holy Family). It is created in a southern art nouveau style inspired by the political discord of the Catalan people in Spain, subjugated many centuries before by the Castilians [5]. Gaudí avoided the rigidity of form dictated by Northern architectural and art theory authors. Then, using the remedies of nature, Gaudí tackled the classical height and weight issues in his cathedral in innovative ways. He noted that by tilting, rather than standing rigidly upright, very tall, thin trees support the load of their tops and of outside forces. Callebaut's Lilypad project (V., 2008) aimed to address an imagined, but not impossible, future world in which millions of people are threatened by rising ocean levels due to climate change.