Environmental Planning Document Draft Initial Environmental Examination for Solid Waste in Kohima Document Stage: Draft for Consultation Project Number: 35290-01 January 2009 India: Northeastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (NERCCDIP) The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Overview 1 B. NERCCDIP Components 1 C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance 2 D. Purpose of IEE 5 E. Scope of IEE 7 F. Report Structure 7 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS 7 A. Project Components of Solid Waste Management in Kohima 7 B. Improvement of Solid Waste Collection System 8 C. Transportation Facilities 8 D. Transfer Station and Disposal Facility 8 E. Treatment and Disposal 9 F. Capacity Development 9 G. Development Strategy for Landfill Site 9 H. Components of Landfill Site 9 I. Environmental Category 10 J. Implementation Schedule 12 K. Project Benefits 12 L. Project Alternatives 12 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 12 A. Environmental Profile of Kohima 12 B. Physical Resources 13 C. Ecological Resources 25 D. Social and Cultural Resources 26 E. Economic Development 27 F. Physical Infrastructure Services 28 G. Environmental Setting of the Project Sites 30 IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 34 A. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation: Location and Design 35 B. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation: Construction 37 C. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation: O&M 39 V. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 47 A. Institutional Requirements 47 B. Environmental Management Plan 51 C. Capacity Building 53 D. Environmental Budget 56 VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 57 A. Process for Consultation 57 B. Consultation Outcomes 60 C. Framework for Continued Participation in Subsequent Program Stages 62 VII. FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS 63 VIII. CONCLUSION 64 TABLES Table 1: Proposed NERCCDIP Components Table 2: Environmental Regulatory Compliance for Sub-project Table 3: Land use of Kohima Table 4: Details of Three Rivers Near Proposed Landfill Site Table 5: Ground Water Quality of Kohima TownTable 6: Water Quality of Dzuna Ru River, Dzucha Ru River & its confluence point Table 7: Different classes of Water Quality Table 8: Water Quality Class near Disposal site Table 9: Kohima: Number of Establishment by Type Table 10: Salient Features of Solid Waste Management in GKPA, 2005 Table 11: Phyto Diversity at the SW disposal site locations – existing and proposed Table 12: Screening of Impacts Table 13: Solid Waste Sub Projects: Kohima- Scope of LA and Resettlement Table 14: Overview of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures, Solid Waste Table 15: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Kohima Table 16: Training Program for Environmental Management Table 17: Environmental Budget, Solid Waste Table 18: Details of Consultation Program in Kohima Table 19: Summary of Consultations Held - Kohima Table 20: Issues Raised and Suggestions Received – Situation Analysis Stage FIGURES Figure 1: Proposed Solid Waste Disposal Site, Kohima Figure 2: Proposed Solid Waste Disposal Site, Kohima Figure 3: Pulie Badze Protected Area and Solid Waste Site Figure 3: Geology & Tectonic Areas Figure 4: Existing Land use –GKPA Figure 5: Drainage pattern of GKPA Figure 6: Drainage pattern of proposed Solid Waste Disposal site Figure 7: Surface water sampling location near disposal site Figure 9: Solid Waste Disposal in Topo sheet ANNEXURES Annexure 1: Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling), 2000 Annexure 2: Forest Clearance Approval Process Annexure 3: REA Checklist of Solid Waste Management Annexure 4: The Pulie Badze Protected Forest State Confirmation Annexure 5: Photos Annexure 6: The Aquired Land from Nagaland Government For Solid Waste Displosal Site I. INTRODUCTION A. Overview 1. The North Eastern Region Capital Cities Development Investment Program (NERCCDIP) envisages achieving sustainable urban development in the Project Cities of Agartala, Aizawl, Kohima, Gangtok and Shillong through investments in urban infrastructure sectors. The urban infrastructure and services improvement is proposed in the following sectors (i) water supply, (ii) sewerage and sanitation, and (iii) solid waste management. The expected impact of the Investment Program, is increased economic growth potential, reduced poverty, and reduced imbalances between the NER and the rest of the country. The expected outcomes of the Investment Program will be an improved urban environment and better living conditions for the 1.65 million people expected to be living in the Investment Program cities by 2018. To this end, the Investment Program will (i) improve and expand urban infrastructure and services in the cities including in slums and (iii) strengthen urban institutional, management, and the financing capacity of the institutions, including the urban local bodies. Based on considerations of economic justification, absorptive capacity and sustainability of the implementing agencies, sub-projects have been identified in each city in the priority infrastructure sectors. 2. Though the Project aims to improve the environmental condition of urban areas, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert certain adverse impacts on the natural environment. While developing urban infrastructure facilities, impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. Exceptions being some facilities such as solid waste landfills and sewage treatment plants, which may also exert adverse impacts during the operation phase, if due care is not taken. 3. The mandatory requirements applicable to the NERCCDIP may also necessitate the proposed components to go through the environmental assessment process at an appropriate level. Hence, considering these issues and particularly to facilitate the State-level Investment Program Management and Implementation Units (SIPMIU) and the Executing Agencies (EA) with definite environmental criteria to be met for implementation of NERCCDIP sub-projects and sub-components, an environmental assessment and review framework (EARF) has been prepared (see EARF for NERCCDIP ). The EARF provides environmental criteria for sub-project selection. 4. Above all, this exercise ensures that the NERCCDIP, in its project cycle, will not deteriorate or interfere with the environmental sensitivity of a project area but rather improve environmental quality through development of infrastructure facilities. Moreover, any component included in NERCCDIP shall comply with the environmental requirements of the Government of India (GoI), the respective state governments, and ADB. Details of components and sub- components financed under the NERCCDIP are given below. B. NERCCDIP Components 5. The NERCCDIP will consist of two parts. Part A covers urban infrastructure and services improvement including the rehabilitation, improvement and expansion of (i) water supplies, (ii) sewerage and sanitation, and (iii) solid waste management. Part B covers provision of project management support, institutional development, capacity building and project administration. Table 1 outlines the broad components by sector proposed in the program cities. 2 Table 1: Proposed NERCCDIP Components Sub- Projects Components Water supply (a) source and treatment works; (b) distribution system including Non-Revenue Water (NRW) reduction; and (c) institutional development and Sewerage and (a) collection and treatment system; (b) low cost sanitation facilities; and (c) institutional Sanitation development and capacity building Solid Wwaste (a) improvement of collection system; (b) treatment and disposal system; and (c) institutional Management development and capacity building 6. In accordance with ADB’s environmental safeguard requirements for a Multi-Tranche Financing Facility (MFF), the environmental assessment of individual tranches is required. Accordingly, the following four sub-projects are proposed for Tranche I: (i) water supply in Gangtok, (ii) NRW and small-scale water supply improvements in Argatala, Aizawl, and Kohima. (iii) solid waste management in Kohima, and (iv) solid waste management in Shilong. The focus of this IEE is solid waste management in Kohima. C. Environmental Regulatory Compliance 7. The implementation of any sub-project proposed under NERCCDIP will be governed by the Environmental Acts, Rules, Policies, and Regulations of the GoI and the respective state governments of the Northeast Region. These regulations impose restrictions on the activities to minimize/mitigate likely impacts on the environment. The following are the environmental regulations applicable to NERCCDIP: (i) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, amended 1988; (ii) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975; (iii) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, amended 1987; (iv) The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1982; (v) The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, amended 1991 and including the following Rules/Notification issued under this Act; (vi) The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, including amendments; (vii) The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000; (viii) The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989; (ix) The Bio-Medical Waste (Management