Wai 898, # A109 Crown Forestry Rental Trust Oral and Traditional History Volume Ngāti Tamainupō, Kōtara and Te Huaki An Oral an Traditional History Report (Wai 775) Author: George Barrett October 2012 Contents Preface ............................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements...................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 7 Chapter One Traditional Tribal History .................................................................... 9 1.1 Ng ā Tupuna o Tamainup ō............................................................................... 9 1.1.1 Tongatea and Manu (c 1500) .......................................................................... 9 1.1.2 Kaiahi and Pehanui (c 1525)......................................................................... 10 1.1.3 Manutongatea and Te Wawara-ki-te-rangi (c 1550)....................................... 11 1.1.4 Kōkako and Wh āea Tapoto (c 1600)............................................................. 11 1.1.5 Summary: Section one.................................................................................. 12 1.2 Tamainup ō meets Mahanga and marries Tukotuku (c 1600).......................... 13 1.3 Gifting of land as peace gesture between Mahanga and Kōkako ................... 14 1.4 Pouwhenua descriptions ............................................................................... 15 Map 1 Ng āti Tamainup ō Pouwhenua 1600 circa ..................................................... 16 1.5 Toa K ōtara and Te Huaki Whakapapa lineage to Whenu............................... 16 1.6 Formation of Ng āti Tamainup ō (c 1600)....................................................... 17 1.7 Toa K ōtara and Ngaere: Waipa and Waikato River P ā (c 1725)..................... 17 1.8 Ng ā papakainga o T ōa K ōtara me Tamainup ō............................................... 19 1.9 Formation of Ng āti K ōtara (c 1725).............................................................. 19 1.10 Te Huaki, K āwharu, Ahiturama and Horong ārara P ā (c 1725)....................... 20 1.11 Formation of Ng āti Te Huaki (c 1725) .......................................................... 21 1.12 The Battle of Tarap ātiki (c 1800) .................................................................. 21 1.13 Battle of Huripopo (c 1800).......................................................................... 22 1.14 Ng āti Toa Attack at Karioi (c 1810) .............................................................. 23 1.15 Battle of Te Wharu (c 1819) ......................................................................... 24 1.16 Battle of Te K āraka (1819) ........................................................................... 24 1.17 Ng āti Tamainu occupation of former Ng āti Toa whenua in Kawhia (c 1819). 25 Table: Tribal Whakapapa............................................................................................ 26 Chapter Two Nineteenth Century Leadership and Kingitanga Relationships....... 27 2.1 The schedule of owners for Ng āti Tamainu, Ng āti Te Kanawa ...................... 27 1 2.2 Pātene’s conversion to Christianity (1835)....................................................28 2.3 Pātene enters Three Kings Institute (1848).................................................... 29 2.4 F.D. Fenton establishes Karakariki Settlement (1857)................................... 29 2.5 Tribal Factions, Kingite Supporters and Loyalist M āori................................ 30 2.6 Wiremu P ātene and his Leadership Role....................................................... 31 Map 2 Ng āti Tamainu Block 1867 Compensation Court decision ........................... 33 2.7 Ng āti Tamainu, Ng āti K ōtara and Ng āti Te Huaki Block Ownership............. 33 2.7.1 Parish of Waipa Lot 57 Ng āti Tamainu, (School Reserve) 25 acres ............... 33 2.7.2 Parish of Waipa Lot 61 Ng āti Tamainu, Total: 456 acres............................... 33 2.7.3 Parish of Waipa Lot 62 Ng āti Tamainu, Total: 1612 acres ............................. 35 2.7.4 Parish of Waipa Lot 63 Ng āti Te Huaki, Total 3699 acres ............................. 37 2.7.5 Parish of Waipa Lot 64 Ng āti K ōtara, total 4631 acres.................................. 37 2.7.6 Parish of Waipa Lot 65 (Paritata Peninsula) and Lot 69 (Karakariki Flour Reserve) combined Total: 1061 acres............................................................ 38 2.7.7 Parish of Waipa Lot 66 Ng āti Tamainu Total 13, 587 acres ........................... 44 2.7.8 Parish of Waipa Lot 68 (Urup ā reserve) Ng āti Tamainu Total: 2 acres........... 46 2.7.9 Parish of Waipa Lot 70 Ng āti K ōtara (Urup ā Reserve), Total: 22 acres ......... 46 2.7.10 Parish of Waipa Lot 71 Ng āti Te Huaki, Total: 100 acres .............................. 46 2.7.11 Parish of Waipa Lot 73 (various owners), Total: 347 acres............................ 46 Map 3 Returned Raupatu Land Native Land Court decision 3 rd July, 1889.............. 47 2.8 Ng āti Tamainu mortgage with the Department of Native Affairs................... 47 2.9 Tragedies and Misfortune Befall the P ātene Wh ānau .................................... 48 2.10 Ng āti Tamainup ō Legal Status...................................................................... 49 Chapter Three Whaingaroa District Highway and Harbour Boards................... 50 3.1 Formation of Public Reserves between 1883 to 1886.................................... 50 3.2 King Tawhiao Names Waingaro After the Loss of a Ngawha ........................ 51 3.3 Whaingaroa District Highway Board Replace Tribal Place Name................. 51 Map 4 Ngawha around Waingaro and Ōhautira....................................................... 53 3.4 Summary...................................................................................................... 54 Chapter Four Research Methodology ...................................................................... 55 4.1 Oral Research Methodology ......................................................................... 55 4.2 Thematic Analysis for Oral Research............................................................ 55 4.3 Kaumatua and Kuia Interviews..................................................................... 56 4.4 Discussion on Commercial Fishing............................................................... 59 2 4.5 The Fish Species Caught...............................................................................59 4.6 Discussion on Kaimoana Despoliation.......................................................... 60 Map 5 Ng ā wahi Taniwha, kaitiaki me wairua ........................................................ 65 4.7 Summary: Kaumatua and Kuia interviews.................................................... 67 Chapter Five Participatory Mapping Wānanga ..................................................... 68 Map 6 Waingaro Landing ....................................................................................... 69 Photo 1 Focus Groups 1, 2, 3 & 4 ............................................................................. 69 Map 7 Pirere Point, Paroa Point and Ōhautira River ............................................... 70 Map 8 Whiwhiroa Bay, Paritata Peninsula.............................................................. 71 Map 9 Haroto Bay.................................................................................................. 72 Map 10 Ng ā w āhi tawhito me ng ā w āhi tapu ............................................................. 73 Map 11 Wh ānau ahi k ā and remaining tribal estate.................................................... 74 5.1 Summary: Mapping information................................................................... 74 5.2 University of Waikato Oceanographic Research Project................................ 75 Map 12 Wahi tapu, Waingaro P ā and Mai-Uenuku-ki-te-whenua Marae .................... 76 Chapter Six Environmental Impacts and Local Government............................... 77 6.1 Whaingaroa Sediment Report....................................................................... 77 6.2 Tainui Awhiro Trust Challenges Paritata Marine Farm Resource Consent ..... 78 Map 13 Proposed Pacific Oyster Farm ...................................................................... 80 6.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 80 Bibliography ............................................................................................................. 82 Published Sources ...................................................................................................... 82 Manuscripts ............................................................................................................... 82 Thesis .................................................................................................................... 83 Interviews .................................................................................................................. 83 Newspapers................................................................................................................ 83 Information pamphlet................................................................................................. 83 Reports ...................................................................................................................