The Birth of New Islamic Culture of University of Indonesia Students: The Influence of Tarbiyah Movement 1989-1998 Nesia Qurrota A’yuni1*, Linda Sunarti1 and Ismail Suardi Wekke 2 1Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia 2Department of Communication Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Sorong Keywords: Tarbiyah, Students, New Order, History of Movement Abstract: This paper discusses the birth of a new Islamic culture towards University of Indonesia students as a result of the influence of Tarbiyah movement in the period 1989-1998. At the University of Indonesia, the Tarbiyah movement, originally known as the dakwah campus movement, has moved further into campus politics. Using historical methods, data collected from various sources concluded that the Tarbiyah movement contributed greatly to instilling Islamic values within the University of Indonesia student movement. The planting of Islamic values was made easier after Tarbiyah activists controlled the student senate. The values embedded by the Tarbiyah movement, derived from the proliferation of halaqah (mentoring) in musholla or mosques on campus, religious mentoring activities for new students, and the large number of students who look syar'i. The existence of this research will add new varieties of study on Tarbiyah Movement. Previously, the study of Tarbiyah was only about the entry of the movement to Indonesia until its transformation into a political party. However, this paper specifically discloses the effects and impacts caused by the development of the Tarbiyah movement within the University of Indonesia. 1 INTRODUCTION the student movement at UI. Since the beginning of the UI Student Senate (SM UI), the candidates from The presence of Tarbiyah movement inside campus Tarbiyah have always been the winners (Damanik, has been a phenomenon that often gets the spotlight. 2002). Tarbiyah movement itself is a movement that adopts According to Kamarudin (2017) the dominance of the pattern of Muslim Brotherhood Tarbiyah in Egypt Tarbiyah in SM UI then continues with winning in terms of mentoring. The existence of Tarbiyah almost every senate election in UI. The victory then movement on campus is often associated with student made the Tarbiyah movement has an influence in figures who occupy strategic positions in student senate activity or policy. One of them is the policy in organizations. At the University of Indonesia (UI), making orientation regulation and introduction of which became one of the campuses with the activity campus (ospek). No more acts of seniority, and more of the Tarbiyah movement, many Tarbiyah activists time for worship. emerged into campus politics in the 90s. Tarbiyah Based on the above circumstances, it becomes activists, such as Zulkiflimansyah and Mustafa interesting to discuss further how the Tarbiyah Kamal, won the student senate election, both at movement brought a new Islamic culture in the university and faculty level (Machmudi, 2008: 2). University of Indonesia students from 1989-1998. The victory of Tarbiyah activists made the student 1989 is the beginning of the discussion because in that government under the control of Tarbiyah. The year was formed Forum of Islamic Studies FISIP UI situation then brought a new era in the student (FSI FISIP UI). The formation of FSI FISIP UI is the movement UI, in terms of politics and religion. beginning of opening one of the spreading of thought Tarbiyah movement has the activity of forming, of Tarbiyah movement in campus. Meanwhile, 1998 teaching, and instilling Islamic values to the was chosen to be the limit of discussion because community as the object of da'wah. With these Indonesia has entered into a new chapter in the history activities, from the beginning of its appearance to the of its government after a long time under the New present, Tarbiyah movement successfully dominated Order, the era of Reformasi. In the era of the 400 A’yuni, N., Sunarti, L. and Wekke, I. The Birth of New Islamic Culture of University of Indonesia Students: The Influence of Tarbiyah Movement 1989-1998. DOI: 10.5220/0010043704000407 In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology (ICEST 2018), pages 400-407 ISBN: 978-989-758-496-1 Copyright c 2021 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved The Birth of New Islamic Culture of University of Indonesia Students: The Influence of Tarbiyah Movement 1989-1998 Reformasi, the tap of democracy was so profusely are considered to disrupt the political stability of the flowing. This then becomes one of the factors of the country because of the many protests to the New movement Tarbiyah transformed into a political Order government. party, the Justice Party (PK). In the UI, Tarbiyah movement as a propagation In reality, the study of the Tarbiyah movement in movement entered and developed due to two factors, Indonesia has been widely written in various books internal and external factors. The internal factor is the and research journals. Among these works include, emptiness that occurs in the student movement and dissertations from Machmudi (2008); Damanik's the marginalized Islamic atmosphere within the book (2002); Muthohirin's book (2014); And Journal campus. Meanwhile, external factors are the policies of the New Order government, DDII da'wah agenda, of Latif (2005). The works generally discuss the entry and the presence of alumni from the Middle East. of the Tarbiyah movement to Indonesia until its The emptiness in the UI student movement was transformation into Justice Party (PK). From these due to the policy of P & K minister, Daoed Jusuf who studies, this research will raise something different forbade political students, one of them by abolishing and more specific, the birth of a new culture of the Student Council (Dema). Following the issuance Islamic students at the University of Indonesia as a of the Student Council freeze decree, the Minister of result of the influence of the Tarbiyah movement in Education and Culture (P & K) Daoed Jusuf issued the period 1989-1998. Decree No.0156 / U / 1978 on Normalization of Campus Life (NKK). In SK NKK, the university rectors are assigned as the highest responsible persons 2 RESEARCH METHOD in their respective campuses to implement the concept. It can be interpreted also that the government This study uses historical method. Historical research gives power to the rector and the vice rector to determine student activities. In the concept of NKK, begins with the process of finding sources related to students are not allowed to form student organizations the discussion. Then the authors conducted interviews as a means of raising solidarity and publications of with the student activists contemporaneous with the students in conducting protests against government period of discussion to produce a valid and authorities (Hariyadhie, 1995: 132). The NKK policy comprehensive research. The activists are those who is considered to have killed student political activity. work in the field of student senate and campus Student Council was banned, while the government dakwah institutions, such as Kamarudin, Selamat only allows the establishment of Faculty Student Nurdin, Rama Pratama, Andi Aziz, and others. To Senate (SMF) and the Faculty Student Representative enrich the primary data, studies of literature from Body (BPMF) (Hariyadhie, 1995: 40). various sources such as scientific journals, books, On the other hand, Islam, which is widely newspapers, magazines and archives were also embraced by many UI students, feels marginalized. conducted. Source obtained then processed with This can be seen from the lack of proper means of qualitative approach. Analysis of the source produces worship at that time as well as the lack of time valid data after the reduction. Valid data is then allocated to perform the prayers during student interpreted by associating with understanding the activities such as orientation and others so that they contexts of the discussion period. After that, the must hide or pray in the shadow of fear. The situation writing uses a historical approach. then raises the spirit among Muslim students to awaken Islamic values on campus. Moreover, after the student movement experienced a vacuum, Islamic activity becomes an option other than study groups 3 FROM POLITICS TO DAKWAH and NGOs for students. ISLAMIYAH The rapid growth of Islamic activity on UI campus is inseparable from the new path taken by The Tarbiyah movement entered Indonesia in the DDII after the New Order bans the political Islam 1980s and grew rapidly in the 1990s. The movement groups. The new path develops da'wah in some grew after many Middle Eastern graduate students objects, such as groups of students who become returned to Indonesia. They become new dai and special objects. Da'wah was conducted by building a spread their influence into society. On the one hand, mosque and providing dai(s) after being educated and the repressive attitude of the New Order regime made equipped by DDII. Among the dai there are groups the Tarbiyah movement subsequently become an that are graduates of the Middle East. According activity which many students were interested in after Sholihin (2016), among students who returned to its previous movement received repression. Students Indonesia at that time, among others, Hidayat Nurwahid and Salim Assegaf. 401 ICEST 2018 - 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology Table 1: Number of Indonesian Students in Cairo pattern develops among UI students. At the Year Number of Students University of Indonesia itself, the term Tarbiyah 1953 80 applies to those who are active in the study group. 1982 – 1983 415 Meanwhile, ADK itself is the official name intended 1987 730 for every Islamic activist, not only Tarbiyah. 1993 ±1000 Source: Al Azhar, Eccel (1984), dan Majma’ Al Buthuth Al Islamiyah in Mona Abaza, p. 96 4 THE STRENGTH OF NETWORKS OF CAMPUS The existence of Middle Eastern graduates is DA’WAH ACTIVISTS closely correlated with the DDII program that provides scholarships to the Middle East for Indonesian youths.