Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 2, Site Safety Analysis Report SUBSECTION 2.5.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page 2.5 Geology, Seismology, and Geotechnical Engineering ............................... 2.5.1-1 2.5.1 Geologic Characterization Information ...................................... 2.5.1-1 2.5.1.1 Regional Geology (within the 200-Mile Regional Radius) ................................................................... 2.5.1-1 2.5.1.2 Local Geology ....................................................... 2.5.1-32 2.5.1.3 References ........................................................... 2.5.1-82 2.5.1-i Revision 0 Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 2, Site Safety Analysis Report SUBSECTION 2.5.1 LIST OF TABLES Number Title 2.5.1-1 Stratigraphic Units Encountered at the Clinch River Nuclear Site 2.5.1-2 Clinch River Nuclear Stratigraphic Boundaries 2.5.1-3 Average Thickness and Variability of Each Stratigraphic Unit 2.5.1-4 Lithologic Adjectives and Modifiers 2.5.1-5 Summary of Petrographic Examination 2.5.1-6 Description of Mapped Karst Features 2.5.1-7 Occurrence of Karst Depressions by Geologic Unit in the 5-Mile Site Radius 2.5.1-8 Occurrence of Cave Entrances by Geologic Unit in the 5-Mile Site Radius 2.5.1-9 Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Petrography of Rock Core 2.5.1-10 Mineralogy of Rock Core from Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project 2.5.1-11 Cavities in Boreholes Drilled at Clinch River Nuclear Site, 1973–1978 and 2013 2.5.1-12 Definition of Joint Condition Ratings 2.5.1-13 Summary of Average Joint Condition Ratings at 5-ft Intervals 2.5.1-14 Summary of Joint Condition Ratings at Outcrop Location Numbers 2, 8, and 9 2.5.1-15 Summary of Geological Strength Index per Stratigraphic Unit 2.5.1-16 Summary of Fracture Zones (≥ Approximately 0.9 ft thick) using 100- and 200-Series Borings 2.5.1-17 Summary of Shear-Fracture Zones (≥ Approximately 0.9 ft thick) using 100- and 200-Series Borings 2.5.1-18 List of Oil and Gas Well Permits in Roane County, Tennessee 2.5.1-ii Revision 0 Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 2, Site Safety Analysis Report SUBSECTION 2.5.1 LIST OF FIGURES Number Title 2.5.1-1 Map of Physiographic Provinces 2.5.1-2 Geologic Time Scale 2.5.1-3 Map of Lithotectonic Tectonic Terranes, Provinces and Major Tectonic Boundaries 2.5.1-4 Regional Distribution of Carbonate Rocks 2.5.1-5 Map of Sinkhole and Cave Development for the State of Tennessee 2.5.1-6 Sinkhole Types 2.5.1-7 Shaded Relief Map of Eastern North America Demonstrating the Extent of the Appalachian Orogenic Belt 2.5.1-8 Geologic Time Scale with Orogenic Events 2.5.1-9 Sequential Development of Appalachians Profiles 2.5.1-10 North American Rifted Margin 2.5.1-11 Facies Diagram of Stable Shelf Strata 2.5.1-12 Alleghanian Zipper Tectonics 2.5.1-13 Mesozoic Features Map 2.5.1-14 Site Vicinity Stratigraphic Columns 2.5.1-15 The Cumberland Plateau and Interior Low Plateaus in Tennessee 2.5.1-16 Mississippian Stratigraphic Units in Tennessee 2.5.1-17 Pennsylvanian System in Tennessee 2.5.1-18 (Sheet 1 of 2) Lithotectonic Terrane Map 2.5.1-18 (Sheet 2 of 2) Lithotectonic Terrane Map—Blue Ridge Zoom 2.5.1-19 (Sheet 1 of 2) Site Region Geologic Map 2.5.1-19 (Sheet 2 of 2) Site Region Geologic Map 2.5.1-20 Aeromagnetic and Gravity Maps 2.5.1-21 Current Compressive Stress—Eastern United States 2.5.1-22 Landslide Hazard Map for the Clinch River Nuclear Site Region 2.5.1-23 LiDAR Digital Elevation Model Coverage 2.5.1-24 Local Physiography with Local Nomenclature for Valleys and Ridges 2.5.1-25 Field Reconnaissance Way Points 2.5.1-26 (Sheet 1 of 4) Clinch River Terraces Within the Site Area (Inset A) 2.5.1-iii Revision 0 Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 2, Site Safety Analysis Report SUBSECTION 2.5.1 LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED) Number Title 2.5.1-26 (Sheet 2 of 4) Clinch River Terraces Within the Site Area (Inset B) 2.5.1-26 (Sheet 3 of 4) Clinch River Terraces Within the Site Area (Inset C) 2.5.1-26 (Sheet 4 of 4) Clinch River Terraces Within the Site Area (Inset D) 2.5.1-27 Simplified Site Vicinity Geologic Map 2.5.1-28 Stratigraphic Column with Sea Level Curve 2.5.1-29 (Sheet 1 of 2) Site Location Geologic Map Showing Borings 2.5.1-29 (Sheet 2 of 2) Site Location Geologic Map Showing Borings 2.5.1-30 Geologic Cross-Section K–K′ of the Clinch River Nuclear Site 2.5.1-31 Subsurface Investigation Borehole and Geologic Cross-Section K–K′ Locations 2.5.1-32 Schematic Appalachian Detachment 2.5.1-33 (Sheet 1 of 2) Tectonic Map Cross-Sections—Valley and Ridge 2.5.1-33 (Sheet 2 of 2) Tectonic Map Cross-Sections—Locations 2.5.1-34 Site Area Geologic Map 2.5.1-35 Site Area Cross-Section 2.5.1-36 (Sheet 1 of 5) Seismic Reflection SRL-1—Without Interpretation 2.5.1-36 (Sheet 2 of 5) Seismic Reflection SRL-1—With Interpretation 2.5.1-36 (Sheet 3 of 5) Seismic Reflection SRL-2—Without Interpretation 2.5.1-36 (Sheet 4 of 5) Seismic Reflection SRL-2—With Interpretation 2.5.1-36 (Sheet 5 of 5) Explanation for Seismic Line Figures 2.5.1-37 (Sheet 1 of 2) Site Location Geologic Map 2.5.1-37 (Sheet 2 of 2) Site Location Geologic Map 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 1 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer Data and Outcrop Mapping—Strike of Bedding 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 2 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer Data and Outcrop Mapping—Strike and Dip of Bedding Planes 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 3 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer Data and Outcrop Mapping—Strike of Fractures 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 4 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer Data and Outcrop Mapping—Orientation of all Fractures 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 5 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer Data and Outcrop Mapping—Strike and Dip of Primary Fracture Sets 2.5.1-iv Revision 0 Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 2, Site Safety Analysis Report SUBSECTION 2.5.1 LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED) Number Title 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 6 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer Data and Outcrop Mapping—Orientation of Fractures in the Benbolt Formation 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 7 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer and Outcrop Mapping—Orientation of Fractures in the Blackford Formation 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 8 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer Data and Outcrop Mapping—Orientation of Fractures in the Eidson Formation 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 9 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer Data and Outcrop Mapping—Orientation of Fractures in the Fleanor Shale 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 10 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer Data and Outcrop Mapping—Orientation of Fractures in the Newala Limestone 2.5.1-38 (Sheet 11 of 11) Acoustic Televiewer Data and Outcrop Mapping—Orientation of Fractures in the Rockdell Formation 2.5.1-39 Site Area Map 2.5.1-40 Karst Features near Copper Ridge Cave 2.5.1-41 Generalized Geologic Map of the Oak Ridge Area 2.5.1-42 Conceptual Model for Karst Systems in the Oak Ridge Area 2.5.1-43 Examples of Karst Depressions Mapped from LiDAR Data 2.5.1-44 Location of Karst Field Reconnaissance 2.5.1-45 Field Photographs of Karst Depressions 2.5.1-46 Surface Karst Features and Site Topography Associated with CRBRP Investigations (1973) 2.5.1-47 Distribution of Mapped Karst Features in the Site Area 2.5.1-48 Field Photographs of Cave Features 2.5.1-49 Carbonate Content of Rock Core Samples by Stratigraphic Unit 2.5.1-50 Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Geologic Map 2.5.1-51 Cross-Section Distribution of Cavities in Rock Core 2.5.1-52 Cavity Size and Elevation in Borings 2.5.1-53 Model Showing Types of Phreatic and Water Table Caves 2.5.1-54 Photograph of Completed Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Excavation, 1983 2.5.1-55 Dissolution of Limestone Interbeds in the Blackford Formation 2.5.1-56 (Sheet 1 of 3) Scatter Plots of Geological Strength Index per Bedrock Unit 2.5.1-56 (Sheet 2 of 3) Scatter plots of Geological Strenth Index per Bedrock Unit 2.5.1-v Revision 0 Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 2, Site Safety Analysis Report SUBSECTION 2.5.1 LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED) Number Title 2.5.1-56 (Sheet 3 of 3) Scatter Plots of Geological Strength Index per Bedrock Unit 2.5.1-57 (Sheet 1 of 3) Portion of GSI Chart Showing 1.5 JCond89 Against RQD/2 and GSI per Bedrock Unit (Extended to Show RQD/2 > 40) 2.5.1-57 (Sheet 2 of 3) Portion of GSI Chart Showing 1.5 JCond89 Against RQD/2 and GSI per Bedrock Unit (Extended to Show RQD/2 > 40) 2.5.1-57 (Sheet 3 of 3) Portion of GSI Chart Showing 1.5 JCond89 Against RQD/2 and GSI per Bedrock Unit (Extended to Show RQD/2 > 40) 2.5.1-58 Estimates of Geological Strength Index at Outcrop Locations 2, 8, and 9 2.5.1-59 (Sheet 1 of 2) Scatter Plot of Fracture Zone Apparent Thickness—Against Drilled Depth to Fracture Zone Bottom (Using the 100- and 200-Series Borings) 2.5.1-59 (Sheet 2 of 2) Scatter Plot of Fracture Zone Apparent Thickness—Against Elevation of Fracture Zone Bottom (Using the 100- and 200-Series Borings) 2.5.1-60 (Sheet 1 of 2) Scatter Plot of Shear-Fracture Zone Apparent Thickness—Against Drilled Depth to Shear-Fracture Zone Bottom (Using 100- and 200-Series Borings) 2.5.1-60 (Sheet 2 of 2) Scatter Plot of Shear-Fracture Zone Apparent Thickness—Against Elevation of Shear-Fracture Zone Bottom (Using 100- and 200-Series Borings) 2.5.1-61 (Sheet 1 of 2) Map showing the Water Resource Permit Application Sites Within Approximately 10 Miles of the Clinch River Nuclear Site 2.5.1-61 (Sheet 2 of 2) Map Showing the Water Resource Permit Application Sites Within Approximately 10 Miles of the Clinch River Nuclear Site 2.5.1-62 Map Showing the Location of Geologic Cross-Section A-A' to Basement 2.5.1-63 (Sheet 1 of 2) Geologic Cross-Section A-A' Ground Surface to Basement 2.5.1-63 (Sheet 2 of 2) Geologic Cross-Section A-A' Ground Surface to Basement 2.5.1-vi Revision 0 Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 2, Site Safety Analysis Report 2.5 GEOLOGY, SEISMOLOGY, AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 2.5.1 Geologic Characterization Information The geological and seismological information presented in this subsection was developed from a review of previous reports for the proposed Clinch River Breeder Reactor, published geologic literature, and interpretations of data obtained as part of the surface and subsurface field investigations.