The House Rules? is the final output of a two-year Constitution Unit research project inves- tigating who runs, and who should run, the House of Commons. In a year in which the Prime Minister and both major opposition parties have expressed concern about government dominance of parliament, this report seeks to inform the debate by looking at how much autonomy the Commons has over its own affairs – in particular its agenda, its committee system, and its procedures. The authors draw ideas from the legislatures of Scotland, Ger- many, New Zealand and Australia to set out a programme of reform that would strengthen the control exercised by backbench MPs and committees over their own institution. The House Rules? The report asks: Should MPs and committees have more influence over the parliamentary agenda? Would a ‘business committee’ of the kind existing in other parliaments be a good idea? International lessons for enhancing the autonomy of the House of Commons Could the power of the Speaker or others to ‘speak for parliament’ be enhanced? Could the way that committee members are chosen be improved? The report calls for a new logic of parliamentary control and makes 60 recommendations for change. But it also argues that there is much to celebrate at Westminster compared to other parliaments, so future reforms must build upon rather than undermine the healthier aspects of British parliamentary democracy. Dr Meg Russell is Senior Research Fellow at the Constitution Unit, and author of numerous reports and articles on parliament and its reform. In 2000 she published Reforming the House of Lords: Lessons from Overseas (Oxford University Press). From 2001-03 she was seconded as a full-time adviser to Robin Cook in his role as Leader of the House of Commons. Akash Paun leads the Constitution Unit’s work on devolution as well as conducting research in the area of parliamentary reform. He manages the Devolution Monitoring Programme and edits the Unit’s regular newsletter, The Monitor. The Constitution Unit in the School of Public Policy, UCL, is the UK's foremost research body on constitutional reform and comparative constitutional studies. It is independent and non-partisan, and the centre of a wide network of national and international experts. This research project was funded by The Nuffield Foundation. The House Rules? Meg Russell and Akash Paun SCHOOL of PUBLIC POLICY International lessons for UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON 29–30 Tavistock Square enhancing the autonomy of London WC1H 9QU the House of Commons Phone: 020 7679 4977 www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit Meg Russell and Akash Paun The Constitution Unit Price: £10 The Constitution Unit ISBN 1-903903-01-7 October 2007 October 2007 This report is dedicatedtoRobin Cook,afriend andadviser to this project until his untimelydeath in August 2005, andadedicateddefenderofparliament. ISBN 1-903903-01-7 PublishedbyThe Constitution Unit Department of Political Science UCL (UniversityCollege London) 29–30Tavistock Square London WC1H 9QU Tel: 02076794977Fax:020 7679 4978 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit/ ©The Constitution Unit,UCL 2007 Table of Contents List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................... 5 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 7 Summary of recommendations ............................................................................................ 9 Controlofthe Commons: Thekey issues ......................................................................... 13 Theplenary timetable..............................................................................................................................15 Theworkofcommittees.........................................................................................................................20 Changing therules ...................................................................................................................................24 Whospeaksfor parliament?Individuals..............................................................................................25 Whospeaksfor parliament?Co-ordinating bodies.............................................................................28 Experienceinother parliaments........................................................................................ 30 Theplenary timetable..............................................................................................................................31 Theworkofcommittees.........................................................................................................................44 Changing therules ...................................................................................................................................50 Whospeaksfor parliament?Individuals..............................................................................................54 Whospeaksfor parliament?Co-ordinating bodies.............................................................................60 Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 65 Reasons to be cheerful............................................................................................................................65 Anew logic of parliamentarycontrol...................................................................................................67 Specificoptions forchange....................................................................................................................69 Theplenarytimetable ...............................................................................................................................70 Appointments to committees.....................................................................................................................77 Changing therules....................................................................................................................................79 Whospeaksfor parliament? Individuals...................................................................................................80 Whospeaksfor parliament? Co-ordinatingbodies.....................................................................................81 References........................................................................................................................... 84 Appendices.......................................................................................................................... 90 Appendix A: Standing OrderNo. 14....................................................................................................90 Appendix B: Non-government timebysession (% of total).............................................................92 Appendix C: Representation of Labour rebels on standing committees.........................................93 3 ListofTables Table 1: Distribution of HouseofCommons agenda time –inhours(%oftotal)...........................16 Table 2: Keyfeatures of thefivecomparatorparliaments.....................................................................30 Table 3: Basics of theplenary timetable in comparator parliaments ....................................................32 Table 4: Allocation of time fordifferent purposes..................................................................................36 Table 5: Controlofthe parliamentary timetable......................................................................................42 Table 6: Basicinformation about committees (July 2007).....................................................................44 Table 7: Parliamentary committees............................................................................................................48 Table 8: Controlofparliamentary rulesand procedure..........................................................................53 Table 9: Therole of parliamentary presiding officers.............................................................................56 Table 10:Other keyindividuals..................................................................................................................59 Table 11:Collectiveand coordinating bodieswithin parliament ..........................................................62 4 Acknowledgements This reportwas made possiblebythe generous support, co-operation andadvice of many individuals,aswellasbyits funder. Theauthors warmlyacknowledgeall thoseinvolved in this collectiveeffort, whilst taking full responsibility forany shortcomingsinits finalproduct. We aregratefultothe NuffieldFoundation forprovidingthe funding forthe project,and fortheir thoughtfulsupportwhichwentfar beyond thebarelyfinancial. Ourthankstothe trustees andthe staffofthe Foundation, andparticularlytoSharonWitherspoon. Theproject benefitedfromthe wisdom of an advisory committee, comprisingUKand overseas experts. TheUKmembers of thecommittee wereall interviewed at an early stageofthe project, attendedmeetingsand gave advice on various publications. Thesemembers includedRtHon Robin Cook MP (until August 2005), Paul Evans, Oonagh Gay, Andrew Kennon, Greg Power, Lord (Paul) Tyler, Barry Winetrobe,DrTony Wright MP (fromOctober2005)
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