MASTER’S THESIS M.Sc. Environmental Engineering Success Factors of Integrated Multimodal Mobility Services Analyses of Existing Examples and Recommendations for their Implementation Author Lisa Luginger Matriculation Number: 03610039 Fachgebiet für Siedlungsstruktur und Verkehrsplanung Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gebhard Wulfhorst Technische Universität München MASTER’S THESIS M.Sc. Environmental Engineering Success Factors of Integrated Multimodal Mobility Services Analyses of Existing Examples and Recommendations for their Implementation Author: Lisa Luginger Matriculation Number: 03610039 Supervisor: M.Sc. Montserrat Miramontes Munich, March, 2016 I Abstract Abstract Recently, the implementation of multimodal mobility stations has become more and more widespread all over Germany. Combined with virtual platforms and an integrated tariff they are part of a multimodal mobility service. So far, only few studies concerning multimodal mobility stations and recommendations for their implementation are available. Thus this master’s thesis aims to identify success factors of multimodal mobility offers and hence deliver recommendations for their implementation. A comprehensive literature review on four German case studies – mobil.punkte in Bremen, switchh in Hamburg, EinfachMobil in Offenburg and Leipzig mobil in Leipzig – is performed. In this context, eight tiers of integration are identified: physical, marketing, information, registration, trip planning, booking, access and billing integration. Based on these findings a classification scheme is developed in order to examine the respective integration strategy of the four depicted case studies. According to these results as well as expert interviews, success factors for the implementation of multimodal mobility services are identified. The key success factors concerning the results of the classification scheme are the development of an integrated marketing strategy, the supply of integrated information and the provision of an integrated access medium. With regard to the statements of the expert interviews, an agile project management, the timely involvement of all actors as well as the willingness to take a certain level of risk are mentioned to positively contribute towards a successful implementation of projects like these. Recommendations are delivered for the determination of station location and configuration as well as for integration strategies. Table of Contents III Table of Contents 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 2 New Mobility Concepts - Theoretical Principles .............................................................. 3 2.1 Definition .................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Components of New Mobility Concepts - Shared Mobility ........................................ 4 2.2.1 Car-sharing ................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Bike-sharing ................................................................................................. 7 2.2.3 Further Complementary Offers: Carpooling, Taxi and Rideselling ................ 8 2.2.4 Impacts Evaluation of Sharing Offers Presented by the Example of Car- sharing ......................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Combined Mobility .................................................................................................. 12 2.3.1 Multimodality and Intermodality .................................................................. 12 2.3.2 Integrated Multimodal Mobility Platforms .................................................... 14 2.3.3 Multimodal Mobility Stations ....................................................................... 16 3 Case Studies ................................................................................................................ 19 3.1 Selection of Case Studies ...................................................................................... 19 3.2 Mobil.punkte – Bremen .......................................................................................... 20 3.2.1 Bremen and its Transport System .............................................................. 20 3.2.2 Main Characteristics ................................................................................... 21 3.2.3 Implementation Process, Development and Goals ..................................... 22 3.2.4 System Design ........................................................................................... 23 3.2.5 Impacts of mobil.punkte .............................................................................. 26 3.3 Switchh – Hamburg ................................................................................................ 27 3.3.1 Hamburg and its Transport System ............................................................ 27 3.3.2 Main Characteristics ................................................................................... 28 3.3.3 Implementation Process, Development and Goals ..................................... 29 3.3.4 System Design ........................................................................................... 31 3.3.5 Switchh Relaunch – Short Outlook on switch 2.0 ........................................ 35 3.4 EinfachMobil - Offenburg ........................................................................................ 37 3.4.1 Offenburg and its Transportation System ................................................... 37 3.4.2 Main Characteristics ................................................................................... 38 3.4.3 Implementation Process, Development and Goals ..................................... 39 3.4.4 System Design ........................................................................................... 40 3.5 Leipzig mobil - Leipzig ............................................................................................ 45 3.5.1 Leipzig and its Transportation System ........................................................ 45 3.5.2 Main Characteristics ................................................................................... 46 IV Success Factors of Integrated Multimodal Mobility Services 3.5.3 Implementation Process, Development and Goals ..................................... 47 3.5.4 System Design ........................................................................................... 48 3.6 Identification of Different Tiers of Integration .......................................................... 51 4 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 55 4.1 Development of the Classification Scheme ............................................................ 55 4.2 Expert Interviews .................................................................................................... 58 5 Analyses and Results ................................................................................................... 59 5.1 Application of the Classification Scheme ................................................................ 59 5.1.1 Application Instructions ............................................................................... 59 5.1.2 IntegrationStrategy of mobil.punkte ............................................................ 62 5.1.3 Integration Strategy of switchh 1.0 .............................................................. 66 5.1.4 Integration Strategy of switchh 2.0 .............................................................. 72 5.1.5 Integration Strategy of EinfachMobil ........................................................... 78 5.1.6 Integration Strategy of Leipzig mobil ........................................................... 82 5.1.7 Summary of the Results ............................................................................. 88 5.2 Identification of Success Factors ............................................................................ 90 5.2.1 Evaluation Results ...................................................................................... 90 5.2.2 Expert Interviews ........................................................................................ 91 6 Derivation of Recommendations for the Implementation of Multimodal Mobility Stations .. ............................................................................................................................... 93 6.1 Identification, Activation and Involvement of Actors and Partners ........................... 93 6.2 Number of Mobility Stations and Spatial Expansion................................................ 93 6.3 Location Determination .......................................................................................... 94 6.4 Station Configuration .............................................................................................. 95 6.5 Mobility Stations as Part of the Integration Strategy of Multimodal Mobility Services ............................................................................................................................ 97 6.5.1 Integrated Marketing ................................................................................... 97 6.5.2 Integrated Information ................................................................................. 99 6.5.3 Integrated Registration ..............................................................................