Astro2020 Science White Paper Scratches from the Past: Inflationary Archaeology through Features in the Power Spectrum of Primordial Fluctuations Thematic Areas: Cosmology and Fundamental Physics Principal Author: Name: Anzeˇ Slosar Institution: Brookhaven National Laboratory Email: [email protected] Phone: (631) 344 8012 Co-authors: See next page. Abstract: Inflation may provide unique insight into the physics at the highest available energy scales that cannot be replicated in any realistic terrestrial experiment. Features in the primordial power spectrum are generically predicted in a wide class of models of inflation and its alternatives, and are observationally one of the most overlooked channels for finding evidence for non-minimal inflationary models. Constraints from observations of the cosmic microwave background cover the widest range of feature frequencies, but the most sensitive constraints will come from future large-scale structure surveys that can measure the largest number of linear and quasi-linear modes. Authors/Endorsers∗: Kevork N. Abazajian1, Muntazir Abidi2, Peter Adshead3, Zeeshan Ahmed4, David Alonso5, Mustafa A. Amin6, Behzad Ansarinejad7, Robert Armstrong8, Carlo Baccigalupi9;10;11, Kevin Bandura12;13, Nicholas Battaglia14, Chetan bavdhankar15, Charles Bennett16, Florian Beutler17, Matteo Biagetti18, Colin Bischoff19, Lindsey Bleem20;21, J. Richard Bond22, Julian Borrill23, Philip Bull24, Christian T. Byrnes25, John E. Carlstrom26;21;20, Emanuele Castorina27, Anthony Challinor28;2;29, Xingang Chen30, J.D. Cohn31, Asantha Cooray1, Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine32;33, Guido D’Amico34, Marcel Demarteau20, Olivier Dore´35, Kelly A. Douglass36, Duan Yutong37, Cora Dvorkin32, John Ellison38, Tom Essinger-Hileman39, Giulio Fabbian25, Simone Ferraro23, Raphael Flauger40, Andreu Font-Ribera41, Simon Foreman22, Franc¸ois R. Bouchet42, Juan Garc´ıa-Bellido43, Martina Gerbino20, Vera Gluscevic44, Satya Gontcho A Gontcho36, Krzysztof M. G/’orski35, Daniel Green40, Jon E. Gudmundsson45, Nikhel Gupta46, Shaul Hanany47, Will Handley29;48, J. Colin Hill49;50, Renee´ Hlozekˇ 51;52, Shunsaku Horiuchi53, Dragan Huterer54, Mustapha Ishak55, Bradley Johnson56, Marc Kamionkowski16, Kirit S. Karkare26;21, Ryan E. Keeley57, Rishi Khatri58, Theodore Kisner23, Jean-Paul Kneib59, Lloyd Knox60, Savvas M. Koushiappas61, Ely D. Kovetz62, Kazuya Koyama17, Benjamin L’Huillier57, Ofer Lahav41, Massimiliano Lattanzi63, Hayden Lee32, Michele Liguori64, Marilena Loverde65, Paul Martini66, Kiyoshi Masui67, Liam McAllister14, Jeff McMahon54, P. Daniel Meerburg29;2;68, Joel Meyers69, Mehrdad Mirbabayi70, Pavel Motloch22, Suvodip Mukherjee42, Julian B. Munoz˜ 32, Adam D. Myers71, Johanna Nagy51, Laura Newburgh72, Michael D. Niemack14, Gustavo Niz73, Andrei Nomerotski74, Lyman Page75, Gonzalo A. Palma76, Mariana Penna-Lima77, Will J. Percival78;79;80, Francesco Piacentini81, Francesco Piacentni81;82, Elena Pierpaoli83, Levon Pogosian84, Abhishek Prakash85, Clement Pryke47, Giuseppe Puglisi34;86, Radek Stompor87, Marco Raveri21;26, Ashley J. Ross66, Graziano Rossi88, John Ruhl89, Lado Samushia90, Misao Sasaki91, Emmanuel Schaan23;27, Alessandro Schillaci85, Marcel Schmittfull49, Neelima Sehgal65, Leonardo Senatore86, Hee-Jong Seo92, Arman Shafieloo57, Huanyuan Shan93, Blake D. Sherwin2;29, Eva Silverstein34, Sara Simon54, Anzeˇ Slosar74, Glenn Starkman89, Aritoki Suzuki23, Eric R. Switzer39, Ritoban Basu Thakur85, Peter Timbie94, Andrew J. Tolley95, Matthieu Tristram96, Mark Trodden97, Yu-Dai Tsai98, Caterina Umilta`19, Eleonora Di Valentino99, M. Vargas-Magana˜ 100, Abigail Vieregg26, Benjamin Wallisch49;40, David Wands17, Yi Wang101, Scott Watson102, Nathan Whitehorn103, W. L. K. Wu21, Zhong-Zhi Xianyu32, Weishuang Xu32, Zhilei Xu97, Siavash Yasini83, Matias Zaldarriaga49, Gong-Bo Zhao104;17, Ningfeng Zhu97, Joe Zuntz105 1 University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 8 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 2 DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, CA, 94550 Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, UK, CB3 0WA 9 SISSA - International School for Advanced Studies, 3 Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA 10 IFPU - Institute for Fundamental Physics of the 4 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy CA 94025 11 INFN – National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Via 5 The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy 6 Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 12 CSEE, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV Houston, Texas 77005, USA 26505, USA 7 Department of Physics, Lower Mountjoy, South Rd, 13 Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA ∗Names in bold indicate significant contribution. ii 14 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Sorbonne University, Paris, France 15 National Center for Nuclear Research, Ul.Pasteura 43 Universidad Autonoma´ de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, 7,Warsaw, Poland Spain 16 Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 44 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 17 Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of 45 Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Burnaby Road, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-106 91, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK Sweden 18 Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of 46 School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia The Netherlands 47 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 19 University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 48 Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 20 HEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, J.J.Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK IL 60439, USA 49 Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 21 Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, Chicago, IL 50 Center for Computational Astrophysics, 162 5th Ave, 60637 10010, New York, NY, USA 22 Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, 51 Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada University of Toronto, ON, M5S3H4 23 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 52 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 94720 University of Toronto, ON, M5S3H4 24 Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, 53 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 London E1 4NS, United Kingdom 54 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 25 Astronomy Centre, School of Mathematical and 55 University of Texas at Dallas, Texas 75080 Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 56 Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 9QH, United Kingdom 57 Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 26 University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Daejeon 34055, Korea 27 Department of Physics, University of California 58 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Road, Mumbai 400005 India 28 Institute of Astronomy, University of 59 Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Cambridge,Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK Polytechnique Fed´ erale´ de Lausanne (EPFL), 29 Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge, UK, CB3 Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland 0HA 60 University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 30 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MA 61 Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 02138 62 Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University, Be’er 31 Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Sheva 84105, Israel Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 63 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di 32 Department of Physics, Harvard University, Ferrara, 40122, Italy Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 64 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. 33 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 Galilei”,Universita` degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 34 Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 I-35131, Padova, Italy 35 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of 65 Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA 66 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212 36 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of 67 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Rochester, 500 Joseph C. Wilson Boulevard, Rochester, MA 02139 NY 14627, USA 68 Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and 37 Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 38 University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands 92521 69 Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 39 Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 70 International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada USA Costiera, 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy 40 University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 71 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of 92093 Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA 41 University College London, WC1E 6BT London, 72 Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, United Kingdom CT 06520 42 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), CNRS & 73 Division´ de Ciencias e Ingenier´ıas, Universidad de iii Guanajuato, Leon´ 37150, Mexico´ 91 Kavli Insitute for the Physics and Mathematics of the 74 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, 277-8583 Kashiwa 75 Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 , Japan 76 Departamento de F´ısica, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, 92 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago,