Section 2 Biographies List of entries Dutschke, Rudi Kennedy, Charles Kiesinger, Kurt Georg Adams, (Gerry) Gerard Eanes, General António Kinnock, Neil Adenauer, Konrad Eden, Anthony Kohl, Helmut Andreotti, Giulio Eichmann, Karl Adolf Kreisky, Bruno Arias Navarro, Carlos Engholm, Björn Krenz, Egon Ashdown, Paddy Eppelmann, Rainer Attlee, Clement Erhard, Ludwig Lafontaine, Oskar Auriol, Vincent Erlander, Tage Lambsdorff, Otto Graf Aznar López, José María Laval, Pierre Fabius, Laurent Lemass, Sean Francis Bahr, Egon Fini, Gianfranco Leone, Giovanni Bahro, Rudolf Finnbogadóttir, Vigdís Le Pen, Jean-Marie Balladur, Edouard Fischer, Joschka Lubbers, Ruud Barre, Raymond Fitzgerald, Garret Lübke, Heinrich Barzel, Rainer Foot, Michael Bastian, Gerd [See: Kelly, Fraga Iribarne, Manuel Macmillan, Harold Petra] Franco, Francisco de Maizière, Lothar Baudouin, King of Belgium Major, John Bérégovoy, Pierre Gaitskell, Hugh Makarios, Archbishop Berlinguer, Enrico de Gasperi, Alcide Marchais, Georges Berlusconi, Silvio de Gaulle, Charles Martens, Wilfried Bevan, Aneurin Genscher, Hans-Dietrich Mauroy, Pierre Bevin, Ernest Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry Mendès France, Pierre Bildt, Carl Goldsmith, James Mitterrand, François Blair, Tony González Márquez, Felipe Modrow, Hans Bohley, Bärbel Grass, Günther Mollet, Guy Böll, Heinrich Grimond, Jo Monnet, Jean-Marie Bossi, Umberto Gysi, Gregor Moro, Aldo Brandt, Willy Mussolini, Benito Brundtland, Gro Harlem Hague, William Haider, Jörg Ollenhauer, Erich Callaghan, James Hallstein, Walter Carrero Blanco, Luis Haughey, Charles Paisley, Ian Carrillo, Santiago Havemann, Robert Palme, Olaf Carstens, Karl Heath, Edward Papandreou, Andreas Chaban-Delmas, Jacques Herzog, Roman Pétain, Marshal [See: Vichy Chirac, Jacques Heuss, Theodor regime*] Churchill, Winston Heym, Stefan Pflimlin, Pierre Ciampi, Carlo Hitler, Adolf Pöhl, Karl Otto Constantine II of Greece Home, Lord Pompidou, Georges Cosgrave, Liam Honecker, Erich Poujade, Pierre-Marie Cossiga, Francesco Hume, John Prodi, Romano Coty, René Craxi, ‘Bettino’ (Benedetto) Jenkins, Roy Rau, Johannes Cresson, Edith Jospin, Lionel Robinson, Mary Juan Carlos, King Rocard, Michel Debré, Michel Rohwedder, Detlev Delors, Jacques Karamanlis (Caramanlis), Dewar, Donald Konstantine Salazar, Antonio Dini, Lamberto Kekkonen, Urho Santer, Jacques Duncan Smith, Iain Kelly, Petra Scalfaro, Oscar Geoffrey K. Roberts and Patricia Hogwood - 9781526137852 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 09/26/2021 04:48:26AM via free access List of entries Scharping, Rudolf Spaak, Paul-Henri Thorpe, Jeremy Scheel, Walter Spring, Dick Tindemans, Léo Schmid, Carlo Springer, Axel Trimble, David Schmidt, Helmut Steel, David Schönhuber, Franz Stoiber, Edmund Ulbricht, Walter Schröder, Gerhard Stoph, Willi Schumacher, Kurt Strauss, Franz Josef de Valera, Eammon Schuman, Robert Suárez González, Adolfo, Smith, Iain Duncan [See: Duke of Waldheim, Kurt Duncan Smith, Iain] Wehner, Herbert Smith, John Thatcher, Margaret von Weizsäcker, Richard Soares, Mário Thorez, Maurice Wilson, Harold BIOGRAPHIES Soustelle, Jacques Thorn, Gaston Wörner, Manfred List of entries 78 Geoffrey K. Roberts and Patricia Hogwood - 9781526137852 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 09/26/2021 04:48:26AM via free access Biographies Related entries are listed at the end of West of the Northern Ireland Assembly an entry by ‘[See also: . .]’. An asterisk from 1998. indicates a cross-reference to Section 1, [See also: Hume; Irish Republican ‘Events, groups and developments’. For Army*] example, the entry for Auriol, Vincent has at the end ‘[See also: de Gaulle; Adenauer, Konrad Vichy regime*]’. The entry for de Gaulle is in this section; that for Vichy regime Chancellor of the Federal Republic of is in Section 1. Germany 1949–63; leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 1950–66. Adenauer was born in Cologne Adams, (Gerry) Gerard in 1876. He studied law and economics, Leader of the Northern Ireland party then practised law in Cologne. He joined Sinn Féin (Ourselves). Born in the the Catholic Centre Party in 1906, and Falls Road area of Belfast in 1948, was elected to the Cologne city council Adams was a founder member of the in 1908, becoming Lord Mayor in 1917, Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association an office he filled until 1933. In the and a member of the Belfast Housing Weimar Republic he was elected to the Action Committee. He joined the Prussian legislature. He was dismissed Republican movement in 1964. In from his offices by the Nazis, and was March 1972 Adams was interned in twice imprisoned by them. Appointed Long Kesh under suspicion of terrorism Lord Mayor of Cologne in 1945 by the but was released in July 1972 to take US occupation authorities, when the part in secret talks between the UK British took over the administration of Secretary of State for Northern Ireland the region, they dismissed Adenauer for and the Irish Republican Army (IRA). non-co-operation. He was active in He was rearrested in 1973 and tried to founding the CDU in the British zone of escape from the Maze Prison. After his occupation, and became Chairman of release in 1977, he was charged in the Parliamentary Council (1948–49) 1978 with membership of the which met in Bonn to draft the Basic Provisional IRA but released after seven Law (the provisional constitution for the months through lack of evidence. Federal Republic). He was elected by Vice-President of Sinn Féin 1978–83, the Bundestag as the first federal he became President of the party in Chancellor in September 1949, and led 1983. He was elected MP for Belfast his party to victory in the federal West 1983–92 and again from 1997. In elections in 1953, 1957 and 1961. 1988 and 1993 he met with John Following coalition negotiations which Hume, leader of the nationalist required of Adenauer that he resign the Social Democratic and Labour Party chancellorship before the 1965 elections, (SDLP), to discuss proposals for the and a series of governmental crises future of Northern Ireland. He has (including the Spiegel Affair) which been the key representative of the damaged his authority, he left the nationalist Catholic community in chancellorship in 1963. He was elected negotiations with the UK government. as federal Chairman of the CDU in 1950, He has been member for Belfast when the CDU created an organisation Geoffrey K. Roberts and Patricia Hogwood - 9781526137852 Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 09/26/2021 04:48:26AM via free access Adenauer, Konrad Andreotti, Giulio for the Federal Republic (having served as President of the Federation of previously existed as zonal and Land Catholic Universities 1942–45. A member parties). Adenauer was tempted to seek of the Christian Democrats (DC), he the office of federal president in 1959, was elected to the Italian Constituent but withdrew when he was assured that Assembly in 1945 and served in the he could not extend the very limited Chamber of Deputies from 1946, powers of that office. His chancellorship becoming a life senator in 1992. In a was marked by a search for the security ministerial career spanning four of the Federal Republic through close decades, Andreotti had responsibility for alliances with other West European many policy areas including the interior, BIOGRAPHIES countries and with the USA, leading to finance, the treasury, defence, industry the Federal Republic becoming an and commerce, the budget and 80 enthusiastic partner in the institutions of economic planning and foreign affairs. European integration and NATO. The He was Chairman of the DC Friendship Treaty between the Federal parliamentary party group 1948–72. In Republic and France in 1963 was February 1972 he became Prime another indication of this diplomatic Minister for the first time at the head of policy. Adenauer was accused of being a single party interim government. He insufficiently enthusiastic about then formed a coalition government of promoting German reunification, and it the centre, but resigned in June 1973. was under his leadership that the From 1976, Andreotti led a DC Hallstein Doctrine was promulgated. The government with the support of the Federal Republic became extremely Communist Party until the Communists prosperous during Adenauer’s withdrew their backing in 1979. In July chancellorship. As Chancellor, Adenauer 1989 he formed a five-party coalition frequently experienced difficulties with which fell after the elections of 1992. In his coalition partners, especially the 1993 he became embroiled in the FDP. His authoritarian style similarly led Tangentopoli scandal: in 1993 his to problems within his own party. immunity was lifted and in March 1995 Nevertheless, his undoubted success in he was charged with links to the Mafia developing the new Federal Republic as (acquitted in 1999), with complicity in a secure and prosperous democratic murder in November 1995, and with state during the period of the Cold War, financial corruption. and his active utilisation of the office of [See also: Tangentopoli*] federal chancellor to promote his policies, led commentators to apply the Arias Navarro, Carlos term ‘chancellor democracy’ to the period of his leadership. Adenauer died General Franco’s feared head of security in 1967. and Prime Minister of Spain 1973–76. [See also: Basic Law*; chancellor Arias Navarro was born in 1908 in democracy*; economic miracle*; Madrid and received a doctorate in law German question*; Hallstein Doctrine*; from the Central University of Madrid. Spiegel Affair*; Stalin Note*; Young He worked at the Ministry of Justice