Nonviolent Sanctions News from the Albert Einstein Institution Vol. IV, No. 3 Winter 1992/93 Nobel Laureates AEI Launches Encyclopedia Project Urge Release of he Einstein Institution has Articles will be arranged alphabeti- begun work on An Encyclope- cally and will vary in length from 100 Suu Kyi T dia of Nonviolent Action to be to 5,000 words. The scope will be published in 1996. It will be a single interdisciplinary, with emphasis on ix Nobel Peace Prize winners met volume reference work for students, social scientific, strategic, and historical in Thailand February 18 to call for scholars, and the general reader with an approaches to nonviolent conflict. Its Sthe release of Aung San Suu Kyi, interest in nonviolent alternatives in total length is expected to be 500,000 the Burmese democracy leader and fellow conflict. It will be the first standard words. Nobel laureate now in her fourth year of reference work on the subject. Students of international affairs, house arrest. The Encyclopedia is being edited by strategic studies, peace and conflict “Having been brutally denied her Christopher Kruegler, Roger Powers, studies, and social conflict in general rightful place to be an elected leader of her Doug Bond, Ronald M. McCarthy, and should find the Encyclopedia to be an people, Aung San Suu Kyi remains William Vogele, and will be published indispensable tool. In addition, area courageously committed to the principles by Garland Publishing, Inc., of New experts from many fields will have an of freedom and democracy,” said Oscar York City. interest in the work, in that cases of Arias Sanchez, former president of Costa The editors define nonviolent action nonviolent action will be represented Rica. “She continues to inspire the people as a range of methods for actively from all parts of the world and from of Burma.” waging conflict without directly many historical periods, with a slight The Nobel laureates called on Burma’s threatening or inflicting physical harm bias toward the twentieth century. State Law and Order Restoration Council, on human beings. Entries will therefore Inquiries should be directed to: Dr. the military junta that seized power in include persons, events, ideas, institu- William Vogele, The Albert Einstein 1988, to free Aung San Suu Kyi. tions, groups, and topics related to the Institution, 1430 Massachusetts Avenue, The other Nobel laureates who came to appearance of these methods. Cambridge, MA 02138. Thailand are the Dalai Lama, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Mairead Maguire and Betty Williams of the Peace People 1993-94 Einstein Fellowships Awarded movement in Northern Ireland, and he Einstein Institution board of Brian S. Mandell, associate professor at Adolfo Perez Esquivel, the Argentine directors, at its March 4 meeting, the Norman Paterson School of Interna- human rights leader. They were joined by T awarded Einstein fellowships for tional Affairs, Carleton University (Ottawa) representatives of two Nobel Peace Prize- 1993-94 to threescholars conducting and visiting scholar at the Center for winning organizations, Amnesty Interna- promising research on nonviolent struggle. International Affairs, Harvard University. tional and the American Friends Service The three were chosen as Einstein Institu- Dr. Mandell is restating the “nonviolent Committee. Mother Theresa and Mikhail tion Fellows from among thirty-seven sanctions paradigm” in a way that allows Gorbachev, Nobel winners unable to come applicants, based on their research proposals systematic comparison with other theories to Bangkok, indicated their support. and recommendations. They are: of conflict responses, including strategic The campaign to release Suu Kyi marks Patrick G. Coy, a doctoral student in the studies, conflict resolution, and peace a break from the southeast Asian policy of Program on the Analysis and Resolution of studies. This will allow assessment of the “constructive engagement’’ with Burma. Conflicts at Syracuse University. He is explanatory power of each model and will The meeting in Bangkok occurred despite doing dissertation research on Peace be the basis for a university-level course on Chinese objections to the Dalai Lama Brigades International (PBI) and its practice the findings. being allowed into Thailand and objec- of accompanying nonviolent activists to Sam Marullo, assistant professor of tions from the Thai military. General protect them from violence. His work sociology at Georgetown University. Dr. Vimol Wongwanich, the Thai army addresses questions about the dynamics of Marullo is completing a work on the rise commander, said such events should be third-party interventions and their strategies and decline of 1980s peace activism, held in the US, not Thailand. “It’s like and will include direct observation of PBI’s changes in its goals and strategies, and the methods of training and action. (Continued on p. 8) (Continued on p. 8) News from the Albert Einstein Institution 1 a peaceful rally that had come to com- Resistance and memorate one of the men murdered two Serbians Talk weeks before. For ten minutes soldiers Repression in armed with machine guns fired into the Civil Disobedience crowd. Estimates of the number killed erbian opposition groups are East Timor range from 100 to 273; many were injured considering civil disobedience to by Maggie Helwig and an unknown number have “disap- Sconfront political boss Slobodan peared.” According to witnesses in East Milosevic. n 1975 Indonesia invaded the tiny Timor, soldiers continued to round up and At a press conference in Belgrade in neighboring country of East Timor execute witnesses of the massacre for the February, Vuk Draskovic, leader of the Iand since that time has waged a brutal next month. Serbian Revival Movement, hinted at campaign of genocide against the indig- After the massacre, a number of nonviolent civil disobedience while Depos enous Timorese people. At least 200,000 Timorese activists were arrested and Alliance spokesperson Vladeta Jankovic people—a third of the population—have charged with subversion or expressing talked about turning Depos into a civil died as a result of the occupation. hostility to the Indonesian government. resistance group. Depos, a coalition of In the first years after the invasion, the Eight days after the massacre, a group of opposition parties, has 50 out of 250 seats primary resistance was waged by the Timorese living in Indonesia held a rally in the Parliament. guerrilla soldiers of Falintil (associated asking for information on the Santa Cruz “We live in the hard times of totalitari- with the political party Fretilin). Recently, massacre. The organizers of this rally were anism,” said Vojislav Kostunica, leader of however, a new generation of Timorese also arrested and charged. the Democratic Party of Serbia. “Civil activists have come forward. They are the disobedience should be our way to try to children of the occupation, young men and save what is left of the civilian society, women who grew up in the midst of a A new generation and nothing else. It should incorporate campaign to destroy them as a people, different methods of collective and forbidden to speak any language but of Timorese activists individual acting, and above all show a Bahasa Indonesian, liable to arrest for clear spirit of resistance. That spirit should reading foreign newspapers or belonging . have chosen to be nourished at all levels where people to a church group. Many of these young resist the Indonesian feel threatened. Many different institu- people have chosen to resist the Indone- tions— the universities, the media and sian occupation with nonviolent action. occupation with democratic organizations in Serbia—are Their means are simple—they hold up seriously endangered by the powerful protest banners at public events; they call nonviolent action. authority of the republic.” [Vesna Peric Indonesian officials from public phones Zimonjic/IPS] and ask, “When are you going home?” Fifteen young activists are now in —Peace Media Service Also, at great personal risk, they make prison. All have proclaimed their commit- phone calls and smuggle documents to ment to nonviolence and their desire to Amnesty International and other human find “a peaceful solution” to the situation Serb Women rights organizations. For such acts, they in East Timor. risk imprisonment, torture, and death. One of them is Francisco Miranda Protest War In 1991, when the visit of a delegation Branco, accused of helping to prepare omen’s peace groups in Serbia of Portuguese members of Parliament was banners for a protest demonstration and held a peaceful demonstration canceled, the Indonesian government sentenced to 15 years. At his trial, he Win the center of Belgrade announced the end of Operation Smile, the declared: “I uphold the principles of March 8 “to show our opposition to the hearts-and-minds campaign they had been nonviolence and peace . I take sides regime, and to all of the nationalist, pursuing to win over young people, and with no party, including Fretilin.” masculinist policies that have led to war.” entered into Operation Combat. From Carlos dos Santos Lemos was sentenced A statement from the organizers October 28 until November 11, 1991, to eight years for taking photographs of declared: “Although we have not yet raids were made on churches where the Santa Cruz demonstration. Filomeno directly experienced the destruction of war student activists had taken refuge, arrest- da Silva Ferreira was sentenced to five and rape as our sisters have in many parts ing some, killing others. At the Santa Cruz years for translating Portuguese newspa- of Croatia and throughout Bosnia- Cemetery in Dili on November 12, per stories about East Timor. Herzegovina, we are conscious that we hundreds of Indonesian troops surrounded Others have been jailed for sending may become the next victims.” Maggie Helwig is on the staff of ACT for “secret” military papers abroad, including Balloons were released with their Disarmament in Toronto, Canada. She edits a report of an interview of the governor of messages “as the voices of women are not The ACTivist, and participates in the East East Timor for Portuguese radio.