" I1V BRJT,m .5 834 MAx; 8 A- 1, 19261 ;-trCAM-nt-bST '^ oresBRIEOG M ftALr WORTHIES. ' I MEDICAL JOUTA.Vkt a. as Liniacre lecturer anid then as riegius professor, by CAMBRIDGE MEDICAL WORTHIES. Johln Haviland (1785-1851). To Haviland, Sir Hunipliry AT the social evening of the Royal Society of Medicine Rolleston said, " the Medical School owes muclh mnot-e Sir STCLAIR than is Inow realized, for had it not been for hiis in- oen Monday last, when the President, fluence and insistence the medical faculty m-light have THOMSON, received the guests, Sir HUMPHRY ROLLESTON, beeni abolished, anid it has been said that its subsequenit Regius Professor of Physic, Cambriage, gave an address on success was largely due to his exertionis. He was the first " Some worthies of the Cambridge Medical School." After to give regular courses in patlhology and the practice of observing that of the eighty presidents of the Royal mediciiie, anid to riake the medical examinations a real College of Phlysicians of London since 1518, thirty-seven and rigid test instead of a rather farcical formil, sometimiies held Camiibridge miiedical degrees, he went oni to give it hals been wllispered post-pranidial, at least in point of accounts of woorthies who we-ere resideint members of the tinle. As he wIrote little, anid person-al memories die Uniiversity. He began withi Johln Caims (1510-1573), wvho comparatively younig, his name is seldom mentioned now,V was the founder of scientific in this and but if the doings of the medical sclhool since his time be a anatomy country monument to his saving grace, he could hlardly hlave wishe(d a Grecian after the order of Linacre, and, like Linacre, for a greater." Haviland was twelfth w-ranglei, anid the plysician to tlhree sovereignis-Edward VI, Mary, and next worthy mentioned, Sir Thomas Watson, was teith Elizabeth. He was President of the College of Physicians wrangler (in 1815). He was also a Fellow of St. Jolhln's, on tlhree occasions, for. niiie years in all, and did much Linacre lecturer, and junior proctor before lie wenit to for the College, founding its annials, designing the symbols London to become physician to the Middlesex Hospital and insignia, and in particular presenting to it the " staff in 1827. Henry J. Hayles Bond (1801-1883) was regius of silver or caduceus with its head adorned witlh the arms professor for twenty-one years (1851-72) and took the of the College supported by four serpents to remind him rather unusual couirse of resigning twenty-one years before by its material (silver) to govern with patience and his deatlh. His tenure of office was contemporary with a courtesy, and by its symbols (serpents) with judgement gratifying rise in the reputation of the medical school. and wisdom." Caius had been educated at Gonville Hall, This change indeed was urgently needed; for from 1833 Cambridge, of which he became a Fellow in 1533. He to 1858 the average number of M.B. degrees granted in a refounded Gonville Hall as Gonville and Caius College year was less than four. In the fifty years, 1876 to 1925, in the interests of medicine in 1557, and became master in approximately 2,500 first degrees in medicine or surgery 1558. -His dislike of the vandalism of the times caused have been coiifeired, the largest number being 90 in 1903; him to be persecuted by the vice-chlancellor (afterwards in 1917 there were 14, and in 1925 there were 68. Archbishop of Canterbury), and lhe died in London in Coming dowin nearer to our own day, Sir Huniphlry 1573 in penury, for he had spent all his money on1 the Rolleston sketchedl the life of Sir George Paget, eiglhth C'ollege. wrangler, Fellow of Caius, for forty-five years physician; The next namiie mentioned was that of Francis Glisson, to Addenbrooke's Hospital, and from 1872 to 1892 Regius, philosopher, physiologist, morbid anatomist, and cliniciani, Professor of Plhysic. He it was who, during Haviland's whlo had described muscutlar irritability, and in 1650 wrote ten-ure of the chair, was instrumental in initiating- clinical hiis book on rickets. His fanmous work Anatoiinia Hepatis examinations for tlle imiedical degree; this was the first (1654) made his name anid capsule familiar to generations regular clinical examiination held in the United Kingdom. of students. " His share in the success of the Medical School has Of William Heberden, who before he removed to probably iiot been justly appreciated, for in addition to Lonidon was Linacro lecturer at St. John's College, being the quiet but moving force behind his two prede. Cambridge (1734-38), it was said: " He took careful notes cessors he was inistrumenital in establislhing the Naturial of hiis patients, reading them over every montlh and then Sciences Tripos in 1851, anid took ani active part in the writing down in a kind of medical common-place book ear ly examinations. Further, it was duriing his terni of wlhatever he thought worthy of preservationi; in this way office that the D.P.H. was started, and thus set an he produced by the time he was 72 years of age his examiiple to other uniiversities and examining bodies." celebrated Com,in enta ii dle Morboruit Historia et Cura- Going on then to Sir George Murray Humphry, he saidl tionle, which he entrusted to hiis son, William Heberden that it was near ly thiirty years since his death, yet his (thie younger), with the injunction that it was not to be pupils had an extremely vivid recollection of the most published until after his death." It was the last important impressive teacher they ever had. " They recall him iedical treatise written in Latini. perched on his stool in the Museum, or leaning on his stick Robert Glynn, afterwards Clobery, was born in Cornwall outside Addenbrooke's, with his mobile features, aquiline in 1719, anid educated at Eton and Kinig's, which caused nose, glittering eye, and black hair, recalling Rembrandt's lhim when in practice to refuse to take fees from Corniish- picture of the Jewish Rabbi, and by compelling attention miien and Etonians. He had a great objection to opium the Ancient Mariner.' " " . He had the genius, and mercury, and wlhen once was taken ill away from perseverance, and collecting talent of the Chosen People. liome he said to his physician that he was going to be very . He found the Medical School insignificant, but ill, but was on no account to be given any of " that vile left it what it is. A great anatomist, his book on (rug, opium, or any preparation of it." When he re- the Humn^n Skeleton (1858) made the dry bones to live, covered he asked whether his injunction had been obeyed, and was a quarry from which much ore was extracted by and the reply he received from his physician was, " If I others." As a practitioner he was wonderfully shrewd, hia1dnot you would not have been here to ask the question." and many were the favourite aphorisms, such as " Eyes Sir Busick Harwood (1745-1814), a personi of somewhat first, fingers next, ears last," that were remembered violent manners, was, next mentioned; he was a Fellow- even now. commoner of Christ's College, and became enthusiastic After a brief reference to William Harvey (1578-1657), on tlle subject of blood transfusion, upon whicl, in 1785 the lectnirer passed on to Sir Michael Foster, who, he the year after he was elected F.R.S., he wrote his M.B. said, "by creating the Cambridge School of Physiology,- thesis. He was appointed professor of aniatomy in 1785 carried out Harvey's precept ' to search and study out and retained the office until his death, although from the secrets of Natuire by way of experiment,' and with 1800 to 1814 he was also Downing Professer of Medicine. Sir George Paget and Slr George Humphry created tlle He vrote a well illustrated System of Coimzparative modern Cambridge Scllool of Medical Science." When hie A4,natomy and Physiology (1795). He quarrelled with and went to Cambridge hlis laboratory was at first half a room' challenged to a duel one of his colleagues (Sir Isaac in the New Museums, his companion being the Pluniiau' Pennington) at Addenbrooke's Hospital, who treated the Professor of Astronomiiy James Challis (1803-1881). message with contempt and never aiiswered. Pennington " Foster, ever ainxious to encourage research and not (1754-1817) was fifteenth wrangler in 1767; he waas without wise lhumiour, iniitiated an investigation into the p)rofessor of clhemistry for twenty years anldRegius dissociationi products of protein, which entailed the pro- Professor of Plysic from 1793 until his deatlh, a"nd for longed concentbration of odoriferous iluids; not oniy did fifty y ears Linacre lecturer. He was succee(led, first the Plumiani Professor vacate hiis share of the premiseA, g 8 'AND 15, 1926] ROYAL -COT1tBGE,-OF -SU,OGEONS OF 'EDINBURGH. [ ,s z but he spread about the tale of his experience, and, post instruietion of the members of the craft. An important or propter, Foster got progressively more elbow room." provision which indicates a high standard relative to the Of Professor Alexander Macalister (1844-1919), who general intellectual advancemenit of the time was that I O succeeded Sir George Humphry as Professor of Anatomy master of the craft was to take an apprelntice in surgery and held the chair for thirty-six years, the lecturer said unless hie could both 'read and write. The craft also that he " took a very broad view of hluman anatomy, like obtained an important privilege which at the present day his successor, including embrvologv, histology, and anthropo- would hlave been of great financial value, that no man or logy, and was at once one of the most learned and woman within the burgh was to make or sell any aqua(t most truly modest of men." Finally the lecturer said ritae, except the masters and freemiien- of the said craft of a few words about his immediate predecessor in the surgeons.