May 2018 Summary Report Fire Protection Master Plan York County, South Carolina Prepared by: FITCH & ASSOCIATES, LLC 2901 Williamsburg Terrace #G § Platte City § Missouri § 64079 816.431.2600 § www.fitchassoc.com Fire Protection Master Plan i Fitch & Associates, LLC York County, South Carolina May 2018 SUMMARY REPORT FIRE PROTECTION MASTER PLAN YORK COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 SECTION 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY _______________________________________________________________ 1 METHODOLOGY ______________________________________________________________________________ 3 COMMUNITY BACKGROUND ______________________________________________________________________ 4 SYSTEM OVERSIGHT & COORDINATION ______________________________________________________________ 6 Organizational Structure, Authority, Relationships, and Coordination _______________________________ 6 Budget ________________________________________________________________________________ 6 Governance ____________________________________________________________________________ 8 DISPATCH OPERATIONS _________________________________________________________________________ 9 FIRE SERVICES ______________________________________________________________________________ 10 Current Deployment & Staffing ____________________________________________________________ 10 Fire Stations ___________________________________________________________________________ 10 Fire Apparatus _________________________________________________________________________ 13 Current Staffing ________________________________________________________________________ 14 Policies & Best Practices __________________________________________________________________ 16 CURRENT PERFORMANCE ______________________________________________________________________ 17 Emergency Medical Services ______________________________________________________________ 21 Special Operations – Haz Mat & Technical Rescue______________________________________________ 22 RECRUITMENT, RETENTION & INCENTIVES FOR FIREFIGHTER PERSONNEL _______________________________________ 23 Incentive Programs ______________________________________________________________________ 23 Qualifying for benefits and incentives _______________________________________________________ 24 COMMUNITY RISK REDUCTION ___________________________________________________________________ 25 SECTION 2: SUMMARY POWERPOINT ___________________________________________________________ 27 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 102 SECTION 3: DATA ANALYSIS __________________________________________________________________ 102 METHODOLOGY ____________________________________________________________________________ 103 COMMUNITY RESPONSE HISTORY ________________________________________________________________ 105 Fire Services __________________________________________________________________________ 121 Emergency Medical Services _____________________________________________________________ 131 REVIEW OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE _______________________________________________________________ 139 Cascade of Events ______________________________________________________________________ 139 RESPONSE TIME CONTINUUM___________________________________________________________________ 141 Fire _________________________________________________________________________________ 141 EMS ________________________________________________________________________________ 143 DESCRIPTION OF FIRST ARRIVING UNIT PERFORMANCE __________________________________________________ 145 First Arriving Unit Response Time by Agency _________________________________________________ 147 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 150 SECTION 4: GIS ANALYSIS ____________________________________________________________________ 150 ESTABLISHING BASELINE PERFORMANCE ____________________________________________________________ 151 Comparison to National References ________________________________________________________ 152 Evaluation of Various Distribution models ___________________________________________________ 153 Validation of Planning Analysis ___________________________________________________________ 155 Validating Internal Performance Objectives__________________________________________________ 155 Recommended Internal Performance Objectives ______________________________________________ 155 Fire Protection Master Plan i Fitch & Associates, LLC York County, South Carolina May 2018 RISK ANALYSES ____________________________________________________________________________ 169 Occupancy Level Risk ___________________________________________________________________ 169 Concentration of Risks by Demand Zone ____________________________________________________ 174 OPTIMIZED STATION DISTRIBUTION PLANS __________________________________________________________ 185 Geographic Coverage without Consideration for Call Distribution ________________________________ 189 EFFECTIVE RESPONSE FORCE MAPPING ____________________________________________________________ 191 DISTRIBUTION OF RISK ACROSS THE JURISDICTION _____________________________________________________ 193 Distribution of Demand by Program Areas __________________________________________________ 193 Long-Term Sustainability of the Models Presented ____________________________________________ 198 Projected Growth ______________________________________________________________________ 199 Population Characteristics _______________________________________________________________ 200 SECTION 5: VOLUNTEER RECRUITMENT & RETENTION _____________________________________________ 204 SECTION 6: PERCENTILE CALCULATIONS & PURPOSE IN EMERGENCY SERVICES _________________________ 213 PURPOSE ________________________________________________________________________________ 214 DEFINITION OF PERCENTILE ____________________________________________________________________ 216 Rank Order: __________________________________________________________________________ 216 Interpolation: ________________________________________________________________________ 216 EXAMPLE ________________________________________________________________________________ 216 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 219 Table of Figures FIGURE 1: POPULATION DENSITY BY CENSUS BLOCK - 2017 .................................................................................................. 5 FIGURE 2: FY 2017 YORK COUNTY FIRE BOARD BUDGET - #1211 ......................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 3: HEAT MAP FOR ALL INCIDENTS ...................................................................................................................... 11 FIGURE 4: 10-MINUTE URBAN AND 13-MINUTE RURAL TRAVEL TIME W/O PIEDMONT EMS, TEGA CAY, OR ROCK HILL ................... 12 FIGURE 5: 10-MINUTE URBAN AND 13-MINUTE RURAL TRAVEL TIME W/O PIEDMONT EMS, TEGA CAY, OR ROCK HILL ................... 13 FIGURE 6: MAJOR APPARATUS TYPES W/ COUNTS, AVERAGE AGE & AVERAGE MILEAGE ........................................................... 14 FIGURE 7: AGE OF ACTIVE FIREFIGHTERS ......................................................................................................................... 14 FIGURE 8: 2012 - 2016 INCIDENT COUNTS BY AGENCY (W/O ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY) ............................................................ 18 FIGURE 9: 2016 MEAN CALL PROCESSING, TURNOUT AND TRAVEL TIME FOR FIRST ARRIVING UNITS BY FIRE-RELATED PROGRAM (W/O ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY).................................................................................................................................... 18 FIGURE 10: 2016 MEAN FIRST ARRIVAL RESPONSES BY AGENCY (W/O ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY).................................................. 19 FIGURE 11: 2016 90TH PERCENTILE CALL PROCESSING, TURNOUT, AND TRAVEL TIME OF FIRST ARRIVING UNITS BY FIRE-RELATED PROGRAM (W/O ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY) ............................................................................................................. 20 FIGURE 12: 2016 90TH PERCENTILE FIRST ARRIVAL RESPONSES BY AGENCY (W/O/ ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY).................................. 20 FIGURE 13: SELECTED NFIRS REPORTED LOSS STATISTICS PER CAPITA – ANNUALIZED FROM 2012 THRU 2015 ............................... 25 FIGURE 14: 2012 - 2016 INCIDENT COUNTS BY AGENCY (W/O ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY) ......................................................... 105 FIGURE 15: 2016 NUMBER OF INCIDENTS DISPATCHED BY CALL TYPE (W/O ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY) ......................................... 106 FIGURE 16: PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL INCIDENTS DISPATCHED BY PROGRAM IN 2016 (W/O ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY) ........................ 109 FIGURE 17: 2016 NUMBER OF VALID CALLS, RESPONSES, AND TOTAL BUSY TIME BY PROGRAM (W/O ROCK HILL OR TEGA CAY) ....... 109 FIGURE 18: OVERALL AVERAGE CALLS PER DAY BY MONTH (W/O ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY) ....................................................... 110 FIGURE 19: OVERALL AVERAGE CALLS PER DAY BY WEEKDAY (W/O ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY) .................................................... 111 FIGURE 20: AVERAGE CALLS PER DAY BY HOUR (W/O ROCK HILL & TEGA CAY) ...................................................................... 112 FIGURE 21: 2016 OVERALL WORKLOAD BY AGENCY ......................................................................................................