Index A Acini, 44 Abatacept, 1491 Acinic cell carcinoma, 199, 1475–1477 ABCDE acronym, 1185 Acne, 794–795 ABCDE rule, 771 Acne vulgaris, 794, 795 Abdominal cramping, 1569 Acoustic nerve (VIII), 1781 Abdominal obesity, 94 Acoustic neuromas, 233 Abducens (sixth cranial nerve) palsy, 1976 Acquired angioedema, 325 Abducent nerve, 1779 Acquired hyperfibrinolysis, 114 Aberrant DNA CpG methylation, 1306 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 732, 946, A-beta, 2217, 2218 962, 1410 Abfraction, 491 See also Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Abnormal mitoses, 300 infection Abortive treatment, 1992 Acquired melanocytic pigmentation, 1190, 1193 Abrasion, 490, 2277 Acquired syphilis, 886–890 Abscesses of the periodontium, 826 Acral lentiginous melanoma, 1185, 1186 Absent nails, 1685 Acromegaly, 88 Absolute alcohol, 648 ACTH-dependent and ACTH-independent variants, 1196 Acantholysis, 331, 804, 1090, 1554 Actinic cheilitis (AC/actinic cheilosis), 766–767, Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma, 1347, 1352 1240–1241, 1255, 1275–1276 Acceleration-deceleration injury, 1888 Actinic keratosis, 765–766, 1241, 1275 Accession number, 284 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, 1680 Accessory nerve (XI), 1781 Actinomyces sp., 856, 895 Accessory parotid tissue, 200 A. israelii, 896 Accumbens, 1766 Actinomycosis, 895 ACE inhibitors, 275, 421, 1608 Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), 262 ACE level, 271 Active phase, 2223 Acetaldehyde, 109, 692, 971 Activity, 1812 Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, 692 Acupuncture, 1965, 2164, 2221 Acetaminophen (APAP)/Paracetamol, 442, 443, 1678, for migraine, 1993 1933, 1965 Acute/chronic inflammation, 222 Acetate, 692 Acute bacterial sialadenitis, 915 Acetazolamide, 1976 Acute candidosis, 420 Acetic acid, 1685 Acute caries, 499 Acetylcholine, 455, 1760, 2225, 2226 Acute coronary syndromes, 2137 Acetylsalicylic acid, 442 Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 809, 1550 Acid, 100 Acute extra-pyramidal reactions, 2154 Acid–base balance, 117 Acute febrile illness, 1723 Acid-fast bacillus, 879 Acute glomerular disease, 118 Acidophilic oral microbiota, 1440 Acute GvHD, 1599 Acidosis, 129, 1499 stages, 1598 Acid regurgitation, 100 Acute Herpes Zoster, 2027 Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3), 1754 Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis, 1676 Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), 1845, 1855, 1871 Acute infantile febrile mucocutaneous lymph node Aciduric oral microbiota, 1440 syndrome, 1692 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 2333 C. S. Farah et al. (eds.), Contemporary Oral Medicine, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72303-7 2334 Index Acute interstitial nephritis, 118 Adenovirus, 275 Acute kidney disease, 118 Adherences, 939, 1884, 1889, 1896, 1903, 1909, 2310, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 115, 116 2323 Acute lymphocytic leukemia, 1582 Adherens, 1090 Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis, 994–995, 1678 Adhesins, 940 Acute malocclusion, 1793 Adhesions, 1889, 1897, 1903, 1909 Acute meningoencephalitis, 106 Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, 1512 Acute myeloblastic leukemia, 1597 Adjunct therapy, 1965 Acute myelogenous leukemia, 115, 116, 1583 Adjuvant immunosuppressive agents, 437 Acute myeloid leukemia, 1582 Adjuvant radioiodine treatment, 715 Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), 405, 515, Adnexal structures, 631 895, 906 Adrenal androgens, 1579 Acute osteomyelitis, 215 Adrenal cortex, 90 Acute pain, 2215, 2216, 2227, 2228 Adrenal crisis, 1580 Acute pharyngotonsillitis, 925 Adrenal disease, 1579 Acute phase proteins, 264, 265 Adrenal disorders, 1176 Acute post-renal obstructive nephropathy, 118 Adrenal glands, 1195, 1196 Acute purulent conjunctivitis, 894 Adrenaline, 90 Acute retinal necrosis, 790 Adrenal insufficiency, 90, 269, 1194, 1579 Acute rheumatic fever, 926 Adrenal medulla, 90, 660 Acute rhinosinusitis, 2165 Adrenals, 88 Acute serous pulpitis, 504 Adrenergic blockers, 1608 Acute sialadenitis, 1501 Adrenergic receptors, 1443 Acute suppurative periapical periodontitis, 505 Adrenocortical suppression, 269 Acute suppurative pulpitis, 504 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 415, 418, 1194, Acute transverse myelitis, 106 1579 Acute tubular necrosis, 118 Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), 91, 1197 Acyanotic CHD, 75 Adrenogenital syndrome, 90 Acyclic guanosine analogues, 413 Adson, 361 Acyclic nucleotide analogues, 413 Adult-type rhabdomyoma, 670, 671 Acyclovir, 413, 414, 430, 790, 987, 1110, 1602, 1677 Advanced cancer, 1486 HZ, 2029 Advanced derangement disorders, 227 Adalimumab (ADA), 429, 802, 1074, 1548 Advanced laryngeal cancers, 701 Adaptive/auto servo ventilation (ASV), 2257 Adventitia, 75 Adaptive copers, 1833 Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), 1607 Adaptive immune system, 1049 Aerobic actinomycetes, 900 Adaptive immunity, 318 Aδ-fibers, 1750, 1752, 2204 Addiction, 2196 Agammaglobulinemia, 335 Addison’s disease, 5, 88, 90, 95, 98, 269, 1194, 1195, Ageing, 2257 1499, 1579, 1610 Ageusia, 2117, 2121 Adefovir dipivoxil, 414 Agglutination (TP-PA), 892 A-delta afferents, 2217, 2218 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, 512, 514 Adenine, 291 Aggressive periodontitis, 514, 826 Adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), 1478 Aging, 4, 22 Adenocarcinomas, 100, 596, 707 Aging related calcification, 79 Adenoid cystic carcinoma, 199, 680, 707, 1475 Agranulocytosis, 1581 Adenoidectomy, 1694 A(H1N1), 1004 Adenoids, 15 A(H3N2), 1004 Adenomas, 91, 2112 AIDS-afflicted individuals, 1197 Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, 536 Air insufflation, 679 Adenomatous polyposis coli, 562 Air pollution, 1334 Adenosine deaminase, 268 Airway, 241 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 1751, 1754, 1755, 1762 airway area, maximum reduction, 241 Adenosquamous squamous cell carcinoma, 1347, inflammation, 85 1351–1352 patency, 2281, 2283, 2293 Adenosylcobalamin, 263 transverse narrowing, 241 Adenotonsillar hypertrophy, 2248 AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 1375 Adenotonsillar tissue, 1699 Akathisia, 2154 Adenotonsillectomy, 1700, 1706 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 105 Index 2335 Alanine transaminase (ALT), 262 Amantadine, 2154 Albumin, 104, 262, 263 Amelanotic macule, 1185 Alcohol, 679, 1353, 2277 Amelanotic melanoma, 773 abuse, 692 Amelanotic nevi, 779 consumption, 1066 Ameloblastic carcinoma, 545 counselling, 679 Ameloblastic fibroma, 537 dehydrogenase genes, 1357 Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, 537 excess, 2155 Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma, 548 injections, 2024 Ameloblastoma, 191, 530 metabolism, 108 Ameloblasts, 10, 476 pad, 2114 Amelogenesis, 1565 Alcoholic cirrhosis, 108 Amelogenesis imperfecta, 5, 478, 486, 493, 1656 Alcoholic liver disease, 108 AMELX, 493 Alcoholic mouthwash, 1326–1332 Amenorrhea, 129 Aldosterone, 90, 1499 American Academy of Craniofacial Pain, Alemtuzumab, 1603 1827, 1829 Alendronate, 1617 American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Alendronic acid, 417, 437 Surgeons, 217 Algoneurons, 1754 American Academy of Orofacial Pain, 1826–1827 Alkaline phosphatase, 110, 262, 263, 291, 610, 1600 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head Alkylanting agents, 421 and Neck Surgery Foundation Allergic contact sensitivity, 1059 (AAO-HNSF), 2130 Allergic phenotype, 1688 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), 674, Allergic reaction to dental materials, 1060 681, 1345 Allergic rhinitis, 2165 American Thyroid Association, 715 Allergies, 143 Amino acids, 1759 Allergy testing, 323–324 α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid Allodynia, 440, 790, 1755, 1760, 1847, 1996, 2007, 2160, receptor (AMPA), 1760 2198, 2218, 2220 Aminosalicylates, 1572 Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, 1592 5-Amino salicylic acid, 269 Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants, 1048, 1602 Amitriptyline, 460, 791, 1965, 1967, 2127, Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 2189 2161, 2164 Allogeneic heterologous transplantation, 116 HZ, 2029 Allografts, 1597 Amlexanox, 1546 Allograft vascular disease, 82 Ammonia monitoring, 1735 Alloplastic TMJ replacement (TMJR), 1929, Amoxicillin, 81, 403, 405, 900, 907, 927 1947–1948 Amoxicillin-clavulanate, 877 Allopurinol, 269, 421, 423, 1107 Amoxicillin with clavulanate, 919 Alloreactive cells, 1598 Amphetamine, 129 Allyl-methyl sulfide, 1725 Amphetamine-like medications, 2278 Aloe vera, 1073, 1510 Amphotericin B, 408 gel, 2095 Ampicillin, 403 Alopecia, 802–803 Amygdala, 2226 Alopecia areata, 98 Amylasemia, 1452 Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, 86 Amyloid, 272, 287, 1147, 1497 Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate, deposits, 1497 1848 Amyloidosis, 43, 272, 1497, 2156–2157 Alpha blockers, 1526 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 99, 121–122 Alpha-fetoprotein, 265 Anaerobic filamentous spirochete, 886 Alphaherpesvirinae, 1675 Analgesia, sensory loss, see Sensory loss Alpha-interferon, 1696 Analgesics, 847, 1463, 1965, 2095, 2221, 2229, 2232, Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), 2098, 2162 2234 Alpha-synuclein, 125 Anamnesis, 109, 963 Altered jaw positioning, 2316 Anarthria, 122 Altered mucosal barrier, 102 Anastomosing cords, 1468, 1473 Alzheimer’s disease, 120, 272, 1500, 2110 ANCA, see Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies Amalgam, 1200 (ANCA) contact sensitivity, 1059 Anchored disc, 1940 tattoos, 1200, 1613 Anchoring fibrils, 1087 2336 Index Androgens, 90, 794 Antibiotics, 403, 853–854, 907 Androstenedione, 94 macrolide, 404 Anemia, 69, 114–115, 257, 1581, 1589, nitroimidazole, 405 1962, 2143 Anti-BMZ autoantibodies, 1112 Anesthesia Antibodies, 288, 319, 966, 1090 anesthesia dolorosa, 2062 to extractable nuclear antigens, 276 sensory loss (see Sensory loss) Antibody-mediated immune response, 318 Aneuploidy, 1306 Antibody titer analysis, 330 Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), 599 Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, 428, 1491 Aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation,