Calimera Guidelines Cultural Applications: Local Institutions Mediating Electronic Resources Good practice guidelines The Calimera Project is funded under the European Commission, IST Programme Calimera Guidelines 1 Calimera Guidelines Contents Introduction Section 1: Social Policy Guidelines 1. Social inclusion Risk factors of social exclusion At risk groups Use of IST to combat social exclusion Mobile services Accessibility issues 2. Cultural identity and cohesion Cultural diversity Community cohesion Content creation Cultural community information Diverse cultural content 3. eGovernment and Citizenship Process integration Service delivery Interoperability Community information Consultation Active participation Community building Promoting access to public services 4. Learning (formal and informal) Children and schools - Online services for children Adults - Basic skills/key competencies - Digital literacy - Employment-related skills Accreditation Impact e-Learning - Virtual Learning Environments - Managed Learning Environments - Interactive television - Mobile learning Calimera Guidelines 2 Contents 5. Social and Economic Development Cultural tourism Ancestral tourism Inward investment Information resources Information services Knowledge management Charges and licences Service delivery Staff skills Neighbourhood regeneration The culture industry Publicity, marketing and outreach Section 2: Management Guidelines 1. Strategic Planning Strategic planning Cultural strategies Project planning Business planning 2. Co-operation and partnership Strategic partnerships Cross-domain partnerships Same domain partnerships Partnerships with the education sector Partnerships with the voluntary sector Partnerships with industry and the private sector Types of partnership Initiating partnerships Organisation of partnerships Funding for partnerships Maintenance of partnerships 3. Business models Funding and financial opportunities Free and Open Source Software Outsourcing Application Service Providers Service Level Agreements Networking Intellectual Property Rights Customer Relationship Management Calimera Guidelines 3 Contents 4. Staffing Recruitment Skills Training Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Cross-domain issues Outsourcing 5. Performance and evaluation Public library statistics Museum statistics Archive statistics Performance measures New statistical measures Benchmarking (metric and process) Measures of value and impact Practical Toolkits for measuring value and impact Standardised questionnaires Standards Measuring the use of electronic resources New statistical measures for service evaluation eMetrics 6. Legal and rights issues Copyright Copyright and its effect on access Effects of copyright on public lending Copyright and technical protection systems Enforcement of IPR Directive Collective licensing societies Databases IPR in Metadata Copyright, archiving, preservation and conservation Guidance on digitisation Licensing Data Protection and privacy Data sharing Freedom of Information Re-use of public sector information e-Commerce Accessibility for disabled people Calimera Guidelines 4 Contents Section 3: Technical Guidelines 1. Underlying technologies and infrastructure XML (eXtensible Markup Language) web services Semantic Web Semantic Web services networks Broadband fibre optics satellite wireless WiFi 2. Digitisation Planning and workflow Financial considerations Selection Hardware and software File formats Standards IPR Design and presentation Storage 3. Digital preservation Selection Technology preservation Technology emulation Data migration Authenticity Storage Conservation Disaster recovery procedures Formats Media Standards Web archiving and domain archiving Staffing implications Administrative and legal implications Calimera Guidelines 5 Contents 4. Resource description Interoperability Metadata Domain-specific metadata standards Collection level descriptions Terminology Ontologies Object identification 5. Discovery and retrieval Interoperability Search engines Lists of recommended sites Gateways, hubs and portals Cross-searching Clumps Image retrieval Harvesting The Semantic Web 6. Content and context management Contextualisation CMS (Content Management Systems) ERM (Electronic Records Management) DAM (Digital Asset Management) Collections Management Systems Integrated museum, library and archive systems GIS (Geographical Information Systems) 7. Multimedia services Infrastructure Multimedia formats - e-books and e-serials - Streaming media - Music and sound - Digital photography - Broadcast material - Standards and interoperability Geographic Information Systems Virtual reality Visualisation Haptics Delivery channels - The Internet - Digital TV - Kiosks - Video conferencing - Mobile services - Tour guides Calimera Guidelines 6 Contents 8. Interactivity Virtual reality Human-computer interaction Games technology Content creation Interaction with users Enquiry services Interactive displays 9. Multilingualism European languages Social inclusion Sign languages Information retrieval Multilingual thesauri Multilingual websites Scripts Fonts and keyboards Transliteration, transcription and authority files Machine translation Voice to voice translation 10. Personalisation User authentication Privacy Smartcards and swipe cards Payment systems Personalisation Recommender systems Personalised information retrieval Portals Interactive fora and online communities Virtual museums, libraries and archives Smart labels and tags Agent technology Mobile access Lifelong learning Implications for staff roles and training 11. Accessibility for disabled people Disabled people and their needs Physical access Access to information Intellectual access Virtual access Web accessibility Legislation and guidelines Calimera Guidelines 7 Contents 12. Security Network security Firewalls Antivirus software User authentication Licences DRM (Digital Rights Management) Cryptography Digital signatures Digital watermarks Steganography Automated Payment Systems SSL (Secured Sockets Layer) protocol Authenticity and integrity Trusted digital repositories Domain names Information security RFID Calimera Guidelines 8 Contents INTRODUCTION These Guidelines have been compiled by the CALIMERA Co-ordination Action, funded under the European Commission’s Information Society Technologies (IST) Sixth Framework Programme (FP6). Their aim is to provide policy makers and professionals working in cultural institutions at the local level (in particular, public libraries, museums and archives) with a concise and relevant summary of the state of the art in the use of new technologies. The Guidelines are intended to explain in a readable way how these technologies can be deployed to develop digital services designed to meet real user needs - social, cultural and economic – and to stimulate wider take-up and creativity among our professional community .They are also intended to support a clearer understanding of the way in which local cultural services can play a key role in the fulfilment of major policy goals in Europe, including those of the e-Europe Action Plan [1]. The Guidelines follow on from those produced by the PULMAN Thematic Network under FP5 [2], which were published in 2002/03 and translated into 26 languages. The CALIMERA guidelines are organised according to a similar structure. The major difference is that the CALIMERA Guidelines not only update the previous version but extend their scope to include services offered by archives and museums, in addition to those offered by public libraries. Similar plans exist for their translation into numerous European languages during the first part of 2005. All versions are made available on the CALIMERA website [3]. There are 23 separate Guidelines in all. These are structured as three main groups covering Social, Management and Technical issues. To ensure ease of use by busy decision makers, a Summary of each Guideline is also available in addition to the full version. The last part of each Guideline comprises a series of links to innovative applications of technology involving or affecting local cultural institutions, designed to help users to assess leading developments across Europe from their own perspective. The co-ordination of the CALIMERA Guidelines has been undertaken by Essex County Council (United Kingdom), a partner in the Co-ordination Action, under the general editorship of Julia Harrison. However, contributions have been made from a very wide variety of experts from throughout the EU and its neighbouring countries, in the form of workshop participation, written submissions and editorial criticism. We would like to thank all those who have participated so willingly and productively in the compilation of the Guidelines and also those who have engaged with the task of their translation. During the final period of CALIMERA, which ends in May 2005, a Best Practice Forum will be launched via the website, to enable wider discussion of the content of these Guidelines. We hope very much that many members of the professional community will participate in further development of ideas and identification of good practice. Calimera Guidelines 9 Introduction Finally, I would like to emphasise that the content of the Guidelines is freely available for re-publication. All that is required is an acknowledgement of the source and of European Commission funding under the IST programme. We would be happy to provide publishers with the necessary logos etc on request. Robert Davies Scientific Co-ordinator CALIMERA.