Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching Fourth edition © 2020. Published by the American Dairy Science Association®, the American Society of Animal Science, and the Poultry Science Association. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). American Dairy Science Association® American Society of Animal Science Poultry Science Association 1800 South Oak Street, Suite 100 PO Box 7410 4114C Fieldstone Road Champaign, IL 61820 Champaign, IL 61826 Champaign, IL 61822 www.adsa.org www.asas.org www.poultryscience.org ISBN: 978-0-9634491-5-3 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-7362930-0-3 (PDF) ISBN: 978-0-9649811-2-6 (PDF) 978-0-9634491-4-6 (ePub) 978-1-7362930-1-0 (ePub) 978-0-9649811-3-3 (ePub) Committees to revise the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, 4th edition (2020) Senior Editorial Committee Cassandra B. Tucker, University of California Davis (representing the American Dairy Science Association®) Michael D. MacNeil, Delta G (representing the American Society of Animal Science) A. Bruce Webster, University of Georgia (representing the Poultry Science Association) Ag Guide 4th edition authors Chapter 1: Institutional Policies Chapter 7: Dairy Cattle Ken Anderson, North Carolina State University, Chair Cassandra Tucker, University of California Davis, Chair Deana Jones, ARS USDA Nigel Cook, University of Wisconsin–Madison Gretchen Hill, Michigan State University Marina von Keyserlingk, University of British Columbia James Murray, University of California Davis Peter Krawczel, University of Tennessee Chapter 2: Agricultural Animal Health Care Chapter 8: Horses Frank F. Bartol, Auburn University, Chair Sarah A. Reed, University of Connecticut Johann Coetzee, Kansas State University Donald C. Lay Jr., ARS USDA Cia Johnson, American Veterinary Medical Association Timothy B. Lescun, Purdue University Wendy Underwood, American Veterinary Medical Association Chapter 9: Swine Michael Martin, North Carolina Department of Agriculture Gretchen Hill, Michigan State University and Consumer Services Donald C. Lay Jr., ARS USDA Scott Radcliffe, Purdue University Chapter 3: Husbandry, Housing, and Biosecurity Brian Richert, Purdue University Darrin Karcher, Purdue University, Chair Marcia Endres, University of Minnesota Chapter 10: Sheep and Goats Rick Grant, William H. Miner Agricultural Research Michael L. Thonney, Cornell University Institute Daniel F. Waldron, Texas A&M University (retired) Frank Mitloehner, University of California Davis Gosia Zobel, AgResearch, New Zealand Mark Estienne, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Michael D. MacNeil, Delta G & State University Ken Koelkebeck, University of Illinois Poultry Science Association Editorial Committee (poultry species chapters) Chapter 4: Environmental Enrichment A. Bruce Webster, University of Georgia Janeen Salak-Johnson, Oklahoma State University, Chair Ken Anderson, North Carolina State University Donald C. Lay Jr., ARS USDA Karen Christensen, Tyson Foods Kathryn Proudfoot, The Ohio State University Ken Koelkebeck, University of Illinois Emily Miller-Cushon, University of Florida Maja Makagon, University of California Davis Chapter 11: Meat-Type Poultry Marisa Erasmus, Purdue University Colin Scanes, University of Arkansas, Chair Kate Barger-Weathers, Cobb-Vantress Inc. Chapter 5: Animal Handling and Transport Dave Hermes, Purdue University Temple Grandin, Colorado State University, Chair Bill Dozier, Auburn University Casey W. Ritz, University of Georgia Karen Christensen, Tyson Foods Inc. Derek Haley, University of Guelph Anne-Marie Neeteson, Aviagen Inc. Yi Liang, University of Arkansas Aaron Kiess, Mississippi State University Chapter 6: Beef Cattle Joel S. Caton, North Dakota State University Michael Galyean, Texas Tech University Ron Lemenager, Purdue University Greg Lardy, North Dakota State University Michael Looper, University of Arkansas Clinton Krehbiel, University of Nebraska Continued Steven Zinn, University of Connecticut Chapter 12: Egg-Type Poultry Chapter 13: Waterfowl Ken Koelkebeck, University of Illinois, Chair Greg Fraley, Purdue University, Chair Ken Anderson, North Carolina State University Mike Lilburn, The Ohio State University Karen Schwean-Lardner, University of Saskatchewan Mamduh Sifri, Sifri Solutions LLC Craig Coufal, Texas A&M University Xixi Chen, Maple Leaf Farms Inc. Janice Siegford, Michigan State University Darrin Karcher, Purdue University A. Bruce Webster, University of Georgia Maja Makagon, University of California Davis Heng-wei Cheng, ARS USDA/Purdue University Pat Wakenell, Purdue University Susan Fraley, Purdue University Committees to revise the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, 3rd edition (2010) Writing Committee John McGlone, PhD, Co-Chair Janice Swanson, PhD, Co-Chair Steven Ford, PhD Wendy Underwood, DVM Frank Mitloehner, PhD Joy Mench, PhD Temple Grandin, PhD Terry Mader, PhD Pamela Ruegg, DVM Susan Eicher, PhD Carolyn Stull, PhD Patricia Hester, PhD Gregory Lewis, PhD Janeen Salak-Johnson, PhD Michael Galyean, PhD, Liaison to the FASS Board Subcommittees Institutional Policies Dairy Cattle Stephen Ford, PhD, Chair Pamela Ruegg, DVM, and Susan Eicher, PhD, Co-Chairs James Swearengen, DVM Bill Bickert, PhD Don Lay, PhD Randy Shaver, PhD W. Ronald Butler, PhD Nigel Cook, BS, MRCVS Frank Bartol, PhD Paul Fricke, PhD Sheila McGuirk, PhD, DVM Agricultural Animal Health Care Doug Reinemann, PhD Wendy Underwood, DVM, Chair Michele Bailey, DVM Horses Steven Berry, DVM Carolyn Stull, PhD, Chair Gail Golab, PhD, DVM Anne Rodiek, PhD Robert Coleman, PhD Husbandry, Housing, and Biosecurity Sarah Ralston, VMD, PhD Frank Mitloehner, PhD, Chair Donald Topliff, PhD James Swearengen, DVM Suzanne Millman, PhD Curt Gooch, PE Pius Mwangi Ndewga, PhD Poultry Larry Jacobson, PhD Patricia Hester, PhD, Chair Ken Anderson, PhD Environmental Enrichment Inma Estevez, PhD Joy Mench, PhD, Chair Ken Koelkebeck, PhD Ruth Newberry, PhD Sally Noll, PhD Suzanne Millman, PhD Robert Porter, PhD, DVM Cassandra Tucker, PhD Carl Mike Turk, BS Larry Katz, PhD Bruce Webster, PhD Animal Handling and Transport Sheep and Goats Temple Grandin, PhD, Chair Gregory Lewis, PhD, Chair Joseph Stookey, PhD William Gavin, DVM Mhairi Sutherland, PhD Arthur L. Goetsch, PhD A. Bruce Webster, PhD J. Bret Taylor, PhD Carolyn Stull, PhD Michael Thonney, PhD Jeffrey Hill, PhD Swine Beef Cattle Janeen Salak-Johnson, PhD, Chair Terry Mader, PhD, Chair Joe Cassady, PhD Allen Trenkle, PhD Matthew B. Wheeler, PhD James W. Oltjen, PhD Anna Johnson, PhD Tami Brown-Brandl, PhD John Arthington, PhD Larry Hollis, DVM Scott Willard, PhD Committees to revise the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching, 1st revised edition (1999) Stanley Curtis, FASFAS liaison to the steering and development committee Guide Revision Committee Joy A. Mench, Chair Margaret E. Benson James V. Craig Katherine A. Houpt John J. McGlone Jack L. Albright Leslie L. Christianson Adele P. Douglass William G. Kvasnicka Neal R. Merchen Subcommittees Beef Horses Sheep and Goats Neal R. Merchen, Chair Katherine A. Houpt, Chair Margaret E. Benson, Chair G. LeRoy Hahn Harold F. Hintz Frank C. Hinds William G. Kvasnicka Sandi Lieb Carl S. Menzies Michael L. Galyean James A. DeShazer Cindy B. Wolf David P. Hutcheson K. Douglas Butler Dexter W. Johnson Janice C. Swanson Stephen G. Jackson Larry S. Katz Thomas Tobin Christine S. F. Williams Dairy Cattle and Veal Jack L. Albright, Chair Poultry Swine Ruth Blauwiekel James V. Craig, Chair John J. McGlone, Chair Kenneth E. Olson Gerald B. Haventsein J. Joe Ford William G. Bickert Karl E. Nestor Paul L. Sundberg James L. Morrill Jr. Paul B. Siegel Leslie L. Christianson Carolyn L. Stull William F. Dean E. T. Kornegay Kenneth K. Kruger Lisa Tokach Graham H. Purchase Garrett L. Van Wicklen Committees for the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching, 1st edition (1988) Steering Committee Joy A. Mench, Chair Alden Booren Glenn Gray Kirklyn Kerr David L. Zartman Jack L. Albright Leslie L. Christianson Virgil Hays Alvin Melliere Guide Development Committee Stanley E. Curtis, Chair Jack L. Albright Harold W. Gonyou John J. McGlone James V. Craig Katherine A. Houpt W. Ray Stricklin Table of Contents PREFACE x CHAPTER 1: INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES 1 CHAPTER 2: AGRICULTURAL ANIMAL HEALTH CARE 9 CHAPTER 3: HUSBANDRY, HOUSING, AND BIOSECURITY 17 CHAPTER 4: ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT 30 CHAPTER 5: ANIMAL HANDLING AND TRANSPORT 54 CHAPTER 6: BEEF CATTLE 76 CHAPTER 7: DAIRY CATTLE 92 CHAPTER 8: HORSES 113 CHAPTER 9: SWINE 127 CHAPTER 10: DOMESTIC SHEEP AND GOATS 141 CHAPTER 11: MEAT-TYPE POULTRY 156 CHAPTER 12: EGG-TYPE POULTRY 177 CHAPTER 13: WATERFOWL 199 APPENDIX I U.S. Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training 208 INDEX 209 viii ix PREFACE This is the fourth edition of the Guide for the Care the Ag Guide. All chapters were updated, revised, and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and or rewritten, with the extent of revision of any given Teaching, commonly known as the Ag Guide. This chapter determined by progress in the academic lit- edition builds upon and replaces previous versions erature pertaining to subjects covered in the chapter. of the Ag Guide published in 1988, 1999, and 2010. Three new poultry chapters were