NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS REPORTS VOLUME 243 1 SEPTEMBER 2015 3 NOVEMBER 2015 RALEIGH 2018 CITE THIS VOLUME 243 N.C. APP. TABLE OF CONTENTS Judges of the Court of Appeals .......................... v Table of Cases Reported ................................ vii Table of Cases Reported Without Published Opinions ....... viii Opinions of the Court of Appeals ........................ 1-828 Headnote Index ....................................... 829 iii This volume is printed on permanent, acid-free paper in compliance with the North Carolina General Statutes. iv THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Chief Judge LINDA M. McGEE Judges WANDA G. BRYANT JOHN M. TYSON ANN MARIE CALABRIA LUCY INMAN RICHARD A. ELMORE VALERIE J. ZACHARY DONNA S. STROUD WENDY M. ENOCHS1 ROBERT N. HUNTER, JR. PHIL BERGER, JR.2 CHRIS DILLON HUNTER MURPHY3 MARK DAVIS JOHN S. ARROWOOD4 RICHARD D. DIETZ Emergency Recall Judges GERALD ARNOLD RALPH A. WALKER Former Chief Judges GERALD ARNOLD SIDNEY S. EAGLES, JR. JOHN C. MARTIN Former Judges WILLIAM E. GRAHAM, JR. K. EDWARD GREENE JAMES H. CARSON, JR. RALPH A. WALKER J. PHIL CARLTON HUGH B. CAMPBELL, JR. BURLEY B. MITCHELL, JR. ALBERT S. THOMAS, JR. HARRY C. MARTIN LORETTA COPELAND BIGGS E. MAURICE BRASWELL ALAN Z. THORNBURG WILLIS P. WHICHARD PATRICIA TIMMONS-GOODSON DONALD L. SMITH ROBIN E. HUDSON CHARLES L. BECTON ERIC L. LEVINSON ALLYSON K. DUNCAN JAMES A. WYNN, JR. SARAH PARKER BARBARA A. JACKSON ELIZABETH G. McCRODDEN CHERI BEASLEY ROBERT F. ORR CRESSIE H. THIGPEN, JR. SYDNOR THOMPSON ROBERT C. HUNTER JACK COZORT LISA C. BELL MARK D. MARTIN SAMUEL J. ERVIN, IV JOHN B. LEWIS, JR. SANFORD L. STEELMAN, JR. CLARENCE E. HORTON, JR. MARTHA GEER JOSEPH R. JOHN, SR. LINDA STEPHENS5 ROBERT H. EDMUNDS, JR. J. DOUGLAS McCULLOUGH6 JAMES C. FULLER 1Appointed 1 August 2016 2Sworn in 1 January 2017 3Sworn in 1 January 2016 4Appointed 24 April 2017 5Retired 31 December 2016 6Retired 24 April 2017 v Clerk DANIEL M. HORNE, JR. Assistant Clerk SHELLEY LUCAS EDWARDS OFFICE OF STAFF COUNSEL Director Leslie Hollowell Davis Assistant Director David Alan Lagos Staff Attorneys John L. Kelly Bryan A. Meer Eugene H. Soar Nikiann Tarantino Gray Michael W. Rodgers Lauren M. Tierney Justice D. Warren ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE COURTS Director Marion R. Warren Assistant Director David F. Hoke OFFICE OF APPELLATE DIVISION REPORTER H. James Hutcheson Kimberly Woodell Sieredzki Jennifer C. Peterson vi CASES REPORTED PAGE PAGE A & D Envtl. Servs., Inc. v. Miller ... 1 Quinn v. Quinn ................... 374 Atl. Coast Props., Inc. v. Saunders ................... 211 Residences at Biltmore Condo. v. Power Dev., LLC ............. 711 Bellows v. Asheville City Bd. Richmond Cnty. Bd. of Educ. of Educ. ...................... 229 v. Cowell ..................... 116 Brittian v. Brittian ................ 6 Burger v. Smith .................. 233 Savage v. Zelent .................. 535 Scheffer v. Dalton ................ 548 CB Windswept, LLC v. Cape Fear Pub. Shannon v. Testen ................ 386 Util. Auth. .................... 508 State v. Campbell ................ 563 City of Asheville v. State of N.C. .... 249 State v. Carvalho ................. 394 Clarke ex rel. Est. of Bohn State v. Crisco ................... 578 v. Mikhail ..................... 677 State v. Dalton ................... 124 Collins v. Collins ................. 696 State v. Gamble .................. 414 Credit Union Auto Buying Serv., Inc. State v. Gettys ................... 590 v. Burkshire Props. Grp. Corp. ... 12 State v. Hammonds ............... 602 State v. Hardison ................. 723 Ehrenhaus v. Baker ............... 17 State v. Harris ................... 137 Emp’t Staffing Grp., Inc. v. Little .... 266 State v. Harris ................... 728 State v. Harwood ................. 425 Fox v. Johnson .................. 274 State v. Hazel .................... 741 State v. Henry ................... 433 Harris v. Testar, Inc. .............. 33 State v. Hicks .................... 628 Herndon v. Herndon .............. 288 State v. Hooks ................... 435 State v. Huey .................... 446 In re E.L.E. ...................... 301 State v. Jefferies ................. 455 In re Foreclosure of Rawls ........ 316 State v. Joyner ................... 644 In re J.R. ........................ 309 State v. Juarez ................... 466 In re M.P.M. ..................... 41 State v. Ledbetter ................ 746 In re R.D. ....................... 61 State v. Lewis .................... 757 In re S.D. ....................... 65 State v. Mastor ................... 476 State v. Matsoake ................ 651 Ketchie v. Fieldcrest Cannon, Inc. ... 324 State v. McLamb ................. 486 Khaja v. Husna ................... 330 State v. McNeill .................. 762 State v. Miller .................... 660 Lancaster v. Harold K. Jordan State v. Nkiam ................... 777 & Co., Inc. .................... 74 State v. Pender ................... 142 State v. Perry .................... 156 Miller v. Miller ................... 526 State v. Turbyfill ................. 183 State v. Williams ................. 198 N.C. State Bar v. Merrell ........... 356 Thomas Jefferson Classical Acad. Charter Parker v. Town of Erwin .......... 84 Sch. v. Cleveland Cnty. Bd. Point S. Props., LLC v. Cape Fear Pub. of Educ. ...................... 797 Util. Auth. .................... 508 vii CASES REPORTED PAGE PAGE WakeMed v. Surgical Care Wilkes v. City of Greenville . 491 Affiliates, LLC ................. 820 Well v. Worlock .................. 666 CASES REPORTED WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS PAGE PAGE Abells v. Abells .................. 505 In re M.L.N. ..................... 506 In re P.E.B. ...................... 506 Bost v. Heller .................... 674 In re R.D. ....................... 506 In re S.V.C. ...................... 506 Castro v. Thomas ................ 505 In re T.E. ........................ 209 Cook v. Turlington ............... 207 In re T.F.L. ...................... 506 In re T.W.B. ...................... 674 Delgado v. Petruk ................ 505 In re T.Y-S. ...................... 209 In re Will of Fuller ................ 506 Faircloth v. Faircloth ............. 505 In re X.M.E.R. ................... 209 Izydore v. City of Durham ......... 506 Gao v. Jain ...................... 674 Gien v. Gien ..................... 209 Malloy v. Preslar ................. 209 Morrison v. Wal-Mart ............. 506 Hardin v. Hardin ................. 505 Mull v. Eubanks .................. 209 In re A.D.B. ..................... 505 N.C. State Bar v. Britt ............. 207 In re A.K.L.N. .................... 505 In re A.L.M.M. ................... 207 Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC In re B.J.L. ...................... 828 v. Hemphill ................... 209 In re C.M.G. ..................... 505 In re C.S.L.B. .................... 209 Pittman v. Henry Moncure In re C.T.M. ..................... 505 Motors, Inc. ................... 207 In re D.C.J. ...................... 828 Purcell v. Old Mill Stream Nursery In re D.H. ....................... 207 & Landscaping, Inc. ............ 207 In re D.L.B. ...................... 505 In re D.M.B. ..................... 674 Reavis v. Collins ................. 828 In re E.G. ....................... 209 Rios v. N.C. Dep’t of Health In re Herring .................... 207 & Human Servs. ............... 674 In re I.S. ........................ 674 Robinson v. Cain ................. 674 In re J.H. ........................ 505 In re K.A. ....................... 505 Sartori v. N.C. Dep’t of Pub. Safety ... 207 In re K.E.T. ...................... 209 Sartori v. N.C. Dep’t of Pub. Safety ... 828 In re K.W. ....................... 828 State v. Alley .................... 506 In re M.D. ....................... 505 State v. Artis ..................... 674 In re M.J.C.J. .................... 207 State v. Austin ................... 674 viii CASES REPORTED WITHOUT PUBLISHED OPINIONS PAGE PAGE State v. Baldwin .................. 209 State v. Mann .................... 208 State v. Barber ................... 674 State v. Manno ................... 828 State v. Barefoot ................. 828 State v. McClenny ................ 675 State v. Black .................... 506 State v. McClure ................. 675 State v. Bunsie ................... 674 State v. McClure ................. 675 State v. Covington ................ 209 State v. McCullough .............. 507 State v. Curry .................... 674 State v. McGraw ................. 675 State v. Curtis ................... 207 State v. Morgan .................. 675 State v. Damato .................. 674 State v. Moser ................... 210 State v. Darby ................... 675 State v. Nanney .................. 675 State v. Davis .................... 506 State v. O’Neal ................... 507 State v. Davis .................... 675 State v. Paige .................... 210 State v. Dickens .................. 209 State v. Pegram .................. 208 State v. Dixon ................... 675 State v. Perkins .................. 208 State v. Dunlap .................. 675 State v. Sanchez .................. 507 State v. Fowler ................... 675 State v. Stone .................... 828 State v. Glasco ................... 207 State v. Street .................... 210 State v. Green ................... 210 State v. Sullivan .................. 676 State v. Gross .................... 207 State v. Teeter ................... 676 State v. Hackney ................. 506 State v. Thompson ............... 210 State v. Hinton ................... 210