Pounder's Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines Ninth edition Edited by Doug Woodyard AMSTERDAM· BOSTON· HEIDELBERG· LONDON· NEW YORK OXFORD • PARIS· SAN DIEGO· SAN FRANCISCO· SINGAPORE SYDNEY· TOKYO ELSEVIER Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier Contents Preface ............................................................................................................. vii Introduction ..................................................................................................... ix 1 Theory and General Principles ............................................................ 1 2 Dual-Fuel and Gas Engines ................................................................ 41 3 Exhaust Emissions and Control ......................................................... 61 4 Fuels and Lubes: Chemistry and Treatment..................................... 87 5 Performance ....................................................................................... 143 6 Engine and Plant Selection ............................................................... 159 7 Pressure Charging .........................., ................................................... 173 8 Fuel Injection ..................................................................................... 235 9 Low-Speed Engines-Introduction .................................................. 269 10 MAN B&W Low-Speed Engines ...................................................... 289 11 Mitsubishi Low-Speed Engines ........................................................ 361 12 WartsiIa (Sulzer) Low-Speed Engines ............................................. 387 13 Burmeister & Wain Low-Speed Engines ......................................... 451 14 Doxford Low-Speed Engines ............................................................ 475 15 MAN Low-Speed Engines ................................................................. 493 16 Medium-Speed Engines-Introduction .......................... , ................ 507 17 AlIen (Rolls-Royce) ............................................................................ 525 18 Alpha Diesel (MAN Diesel) .. ;............................................................ 531 19 Caterpillar ................................................................................ :......... 537 20 Deutz ................................................................................................... 545 21 MaK (Caterpillar Marine Power Systems) ..................................... 549 22 MAN Diesel ........................................................................................ 571 23 Bergen (Rolls-Royce) ......................................................................... 615 24 Ruston (MAN Diesel) ........................................................................ 627 25 SEMT Pielstick (MAN Diesel Group) .............................................. 635 26 Sulzer (Wartsila) ................................................................................ 649 27 Wartsila .............................................................................................. 669 28 Other Medium-Speed Engines ......................................................... 715 v l' I! vi Contents 29 Low-Speed Four-Stroke Trunk Piston Engines .............................. 759 30 High-Speed Engines ........................................................................... 763 31 Gas Turbines ...................................................................................... 829 32 Engineroom Safety Matters .............................................................. 865 Index .............................................................................................................. 875 .. Index A Alkalinity reserve see base nnmber AAC see alpha adaptive cylinder oil control AlIen (Rolls-Royce) engines, 525-9 ABB Turbo Systems: Alpha adaptive cylinder (AAC) oil control, 315 A100 series, 193,207-9 Alpha cylinder lubricator unit, 132-4 Ruston (MAN Diesel) 16RK270 engine, 629 Alpha Diesel (MAN Diesel), 531-5 TPL series, 201-6 Alston Engines, 603 TPS series, 198-201 Aluminium alloy, 817 turbo compound systems, 229, 231 American Bureau of Shipping, 116 turbochargers, 228-9, 767 AMOS, UK XTS-W bearing wear sensor, 871-2 turbocooling, 188, 190-1 Amot speed monitor for VS 12 engine, 529 two-stage turbocharging, 190-1 Anglo-Belgian Corporation (ABC), medium- VTR-4P high efficiency turbocharger, 197, speed engines, 715-16 ,,'I, 617 Anti-polishing rings (APR): VTR ... series, 192-8 Bergen (Rolls-Royce), 615-16 Wartsilii medium-speed engines, 64 type, 706 MAN Diesel, L32/40 engine, 589 ABC see Anglo Belgian Corporation medium-speed engines, 517 Abrasive impurities in heavy fuel, 92 Wiirtsilii medium-speed engines ACERT technology in Caterpillar high-speed 26 type, 687 engines, 769 64 type, 708-9 Acid stress, 127 W32 type, 671 Active mountings, 25-6 Wiirtsilii (Sulzer) ADD see Advanced Diesel Engine RTA-Tseries,403 Development Company Tribobpack, 424 ADD30V Engine, 513-16 Anti-vibration mountings, 21, 24-5 ADEC see Advanced Diesel Engine Control Anti-wear performance summary, 123 ADEMill: Aorangi,xv Caterpillar control system, 768-9 Apparent propeller slip and engine EUI system for fuel injection, 543-4, 567 performance, 150 Admiralty Constant and engine performance, APR see anti-polishing ring 150 Ash content of fuel oils, 97 Advanced Diesel Engine Control (ADEC), 801 Asphaltene content of fuel oils, 98 Advanced Diesel Engine Development (ADD) Asphaltenes stress, 127 Company, 513-16 Astern running and engine performance, 154-7 AFR see air-fuel ratio AIDC see after top dead centre Afrika,x Atmospheric distillation, 88 After top dead centre (AFDC), 3, 8-9 ATR see automatic flexible rating Air filtration for gas turbines, 839-40 Automatic flexible rating (ATR), 370 Air manifold, MAN Diesel V28/33D engines, Automation and Wiirtsilii medium-speed 64 608 type engine, 712 Air-fuel ratio (AFR), 201, 858 Automotive-derived high-speed engines: Aircraft jet engines and gas turbines, 840-3 Scania, 825-6 Akasaka Diesel low speed four-stroke piston Volvo Penta, 826-7 engines, 759, 761 Auxiliary blowers: Alcap system for cleaning fuel oils, 106-7, Burmeister & Wain L-GB engines, 473 109-10 MAN B&W ME engines, 360 Alfa Laval Alcap system, 106-7, 109-10 Auxiliary power generation, 162-3 Alignment of large bore engines, 309 Axial vibrations, 33-6 875 876 Index B KV-G4 gas engine, 52 piston ring design, 512 Backbone for MaK M32 engine, 552 Bergen (Rolls-Royce) engines, 615-25 Balancing, 18-19 B-series,616-18 Base number (BN), 119, 129-32, 134-5, 141 B32-40,619-22 Bazan Motores, Spain, 537, 540 BV,618-19 BBC see Brown Boveri C-series (C25:33L), 622-4 BDC see bottom dead centre gas engines, 624-5 Bearing Overheating Monitoring System K-series,615-16 . (BEARMOS), 871 RK215,632-4 Bearings: Berufsgenossenschaft (SBG) 28/32A medium-speed engines, 534 recommendations, 21 3600 series engines, 538 Bio-fuels,105-7 B&W engines post-1997 service, 329-31 Black sludge in medium-speed engines, 126-7 Bearing Overheating Monitoring System, Blast injection, xvi-xix 871 BN see base number Bergen (Rolls-Royce), B32-40 engine, 621 Bolnes: Burrneister & Wain L-GB engines, 465 engine tests, 120 Daihatsu DC-32 engine, 719 two-stroke medium-speed engines, 754-5 gas turbine lubrication, 838 Bottom dead centre (BDC), 8, 19, 189 large bore engines, 308-9 'Boundary lubrication', 122 MANB&W BP Marine: MC engines, 320-2 Enersyn MGT synthetic lubricant, 839 ME engines, 358 lubricating oil for gas turbines, 838 MAN Diesel V28/33D engines, 608 Brake horsepower (bhp), 143 MAN (Holeby) high-speed L16/24 genset Brown Boveri (BBC), 192-3 engine, 778 Biichi, Alfred, xix, 192 Ruston (MAN Diesel) engines 16RK270, Bunker quality testing for fuel oils, 116-17 630 Burrneister & Wain (B&W) engines: Stork-Werkspoor TM410 series, 741 6S50MC type, 78 Sulzer (WmsiHi) ZA40/ZA40S encines 657-8 '" , constant pressure turbocharging, 461-3 four-stroke, ix, xv, xvi turbochargers, 194, 199-200,218 fuel consumption, xxii-xxiv Wmsila hull vibration, 39-40 46 type, 694 K-GF type, 451-9 64 type, 707-8 L-GB type, 459-63, 463-74 Vasa, 32, 673 L-GF type, 459-63 W38A type, 690-1 low-speed, 451-74 XTS-W bearing wear sensor, 871-2 MAN Diesel, 289, 451 BEARMOS see Bearing Overheating scavenged, xxii-xxiv Monitoring System twin six -cylinder, x Bedplates: two-stroke engines, xviii, xxii-xxiv, 29 Burrneister & Wain L-GB engines, 465 Burnability of heavy fuel, 90-1 K-GF engines, 452-4 large bore engines, 306-8 MANB&W MC engines, 293 c ME engines, 358 Caernarvon Castle, xv Ruston (MAN Diesel) engines 16RK270, 630 Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index (CCAI), SKL VDS 29/24AL engine, 738 97 Stork-Werkspoor TM410 seri~s, 741 California Air Resources Board, 79 Sulzer RL engines, 442-3 'California Button', 69 Before top dead centre (BTDC), 8-10, 245 Calorific value, fuel oils, 93-4 Benzene emissions, 41 Camshafts: Bergen Diesel: 28/32A medium-speed engines, 534 C-series engines, 52 AlIen (Rolls-Royce) VS12 engine, 528 company, 51 Bergen (Rolls-Royce) engines, 615 Index 877 Bunneister &: Wain Chain drives: K-GF engines, 457-8 Bunneister & Wain MC engines, 326 L-GB engines, 471 Doxford L-GB engines, 471 Daihatsu DC-32 engine, 719 Charge air humidification, 73-4 Doxford low-speed engines, 487-8 Charge coolers for MAN Diesel V28/33D drive gear for RTA84T engine, 406-8 engines, 608-9 MAN B&W low-speed MC engines, 295 Chevron Global Lubricants, 129 MAN Diesel Chevron Marine Combustion Improver, 104-5 32/40 engines, 586-8 Chrome ceramic