MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE July-September, 1935 CONTENTS CANADA: 9 articles with — illustrations Basis of Canadian-American Friendship BLANCHARD P. STEEVES, Ph.D. Health and Medical Service in Canada • MILDRED E. STALEY, M D The Last Spike ELIZABETH BAILEY PRICE, Pres. Canadian Women's Press Club Canada and Japan J. ELMER BROWN They Wanted a University EDGAR BROWN, Alumnus, University of British Columbia In Step With the Dominion ROBERT CROMIE, Editor, Vancouver Sun When King Salmon Runs BILL REID, Vancouver Sun Japan Tries Great Britain's Recipe PAT TERRY, Marine Editor, Vancouver Sun Canada, a Mediating Power in World Affairs THE REV. THOMAS TAYLOR FAICHNEY, M.A., B.D. OTHER FEATURES: ( with 17 illustrations/ : The New English Mind; Britain in the Pacific; Mystery of the Coral Atoll —Fanning Is.; School Teachers Experience Geography; Solomon Islands; Tung Oil; Through New Zealand; JOURNAL OF THE PAN-PACIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTION pp. 269-276i; BULLETIN OF THE PAN-PACIFIC UNION (pp. 277-281/i Pan-Pacific Asso- ciation news from China, Japan; Mid-Pacific Institute, Honolulu; Second Surgical Conference; Notable Conferences; Aims and Objects of the Pan-Pacific Union ip. 2831; Membership Classifications, fees, privileges ip. 284!. Published for the PAN-PACIFIC UNION, 1067 Alokea Street HMLTN HONOLULU, HAWAII CLOSED All members of the Pan-Pacific Union receive this magazine as one of the privileges of membership, DU SINGLE COPIES, POSTAGE PAID, 620 50c :1■45 , • '1/4".1 • PAN-PACIFIC UNION 1067 Alakea Street, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. \\-' 1 , . b)\‘‘.0., K. 130.1. , *\,1 \\ 7 .0 1 , 1)H ':H .: F. Ciiwriin Iiinc 1,. 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XLVI I I JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1935 NUMBER 3 The Basis of Canadian-American Friendship By BLANCHARD P. STEEVES, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Education, University of Hawaii • OUR THOUSAND MILES of from invading Canadian territory also, unfortifled boundary between if that appeared to be the most effective Canada and the United States has method of self-protection? And when F inspired much peace oratory. The once such a step should be taken with- impossibility of effectively fortifying out the consent of the invaded country, such a stretch is, however, seldom who could foresee the end? Occurrences pointed out. Over such a distance, no less disturbing than this might break modern Chinese Wall could be con- down the restraining influences of ideal- structed that would be of any appre- ism and of treaties. ciable military value. The mere absence The one hundred and twenty-one of fortifications between the two coun- years of peace between Canada and the tries is neither the cause nor the evi- United States still continues chiefly be- dence of international goodwill. Be- cause each country can obtain all that tween these countries, as between all it wishes from the other in the way of nations and states, there is one main trade, investment opportunities, busi- cause of long-continued peace, and that ness privileges, and general intercourse; is the sanely established belief among and the best guarantee for the future their peoples that there is less to be lies in a mutual recognition of the truth gained than lost by invasion or the that the welfare of each is an important threat of war. In discussing interna- element in the welfare of the other. To tional relations it is best to be realistic make this feeling permanent, it must be on these matters. based upon an intelligent comprehension International idealism, peace treaties, of the complexity of their relationship and either the absence or the presence rather than upon a superficial sentiment. of fortifications and of armaments, are Although Canada has a population but weak instruments of peace when of only ten and a half millions, its vol- once a nation feels that respect for the ume of trade with the United States is "rights" of her neighbor may seriously now greater than that between the endanger the working out of her own United States and any other country. destiny. For forty years past, our own govern- If, for example, an enemy of our own ment and our various trade organiza- country, either from the east or from tions have, through Pan-American con- the west, should succeed in invading ferences, trade treaties, and numerous Canada, what treaties could restrain us other agencies, been making strenuous 194 MID-PACIFIC MAGAZINE, JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1935 efforts to develop a large volume of have volunteered to assume their obli- trade with the republics of South Amer- gations. ica; yet our trade with Canada alone The above statement is not intended approximately equals our trade with the to apply to the period of the last five republics of South America, the repub- years. Within this period, at least a lics of Central America and of Mexico, few Canadian public men of standing all combined. For many years before have publicly avowed that a govern- the depression the total annual trade ment is under no greater obligation to with Canada. was often well over the pay interest to its bondholders than it billion dollar mark, and if all tariff bar- is to pay adequate wages and salaries riers and other trade restrictions be- to its citizens—fair enough when stated tween the two countries could be re- that way; but its implication seems to moved the annual trade would prob- be that one act of bad faith may be ably soon mount well into the billions. atoned for by committing another! Unrestricted trade and intercourse The Canadian record of good faith probably would be to the great ad- to investors, however, is an enviable one. When the present murky fog of vantage of both countries, but in both inhuman distrust lifts, it may yet be countries the political influence of cer- found that that record has not been tain industrial and agricultural groups is permanently marred. far greater than the political influence of In addition to these investments in the best interests of the countries as a Canadian governmental securities, vast whole. sums of American money have been in- We are frequently told of the great vested in Canadian private enterprises. possibilities of trade with China in the Canadian mines, forests, pulp and paper distant future. Yet trade statistics tell mills, power plants, railways and fac- us that the present possibilities of trade tories have afforded a rich field for with Canada are greater than the future United States investors. In 1929, be- possibilities of trade with the teeming fore the great ethical and financial millions of China. crash, the sum total of American invest- Not only in trade, but also in the ments of all kinds in Canada has been matter of investments, the thinly variously estimated in sums ranging be- peopled country to our north has long tween three and four billions of dollars. been one of our richest fields. The Ca- No flag and no system of government, nadian federal government and the gov- American or otherwise, could, in itself, ernments of the nine provinces have for possibly provide adequate security for many years been borrowing heavily in these investments. The only possible the American money market. Very security lies in Canadian prosperity and numerous Canadian municipalities have the contentment of her people. done likewise. The interest rates on Perhaps, as a few of our economists these borrowings have always been are now suggesting, it would have been higher than the rates on corresponding better for our own nation if this money home securities. Yet in the sixty-eight had been turned back to our own citi- years of the present Canadian govern- zens in wages, salaries and other forms mental set-up neither the Canadian of income, and used in its circulation government nor the government of any for the creation of more of our own province has defaulted, in whole or in national wealth. Since, however, this part, a single obligation. has not been done and our stake in Canadian municipal borrowings have Canada has grown to such proportions, been so numerous that such a general the important thing to note is that our statement in regard to their security interest in Canadian prosperity should cannot be made without more detailed be greater than our interest in the pros- knowledge. The writer, however, has perity of any other country. never heard of the default of a Cana- It should be noted that investments, dian municipality with loss to its credi- like trade, move in both directions and tors.