METAPHOR USED IN SPORTS ARTICLES IN THE JAKARTA POST ONLINE NEWSPAPERS THESIS Submitted to the Board of Examiners in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Literature Degree at English Literature Department by HERLIN JUMANTIR NIM. AI. 150303 ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI 2019 i ii MOTTO ه ه . يَ ْزفَ ِع ّّللاُ الَّ ِذ ْي َه ا َمنُ ْوا ِم ْن ُك ْم َوالَّ ِذ ْي َه اُ ْوتُوا ا ْل ِع ْل َم ه َد َر هج ٍۗ ت َو ّّللاُ بِ َما تَ ْع َملُ ْو َن َخبِ ْيز )١١( The meaning: “… Allah will raise those who have believed among you and those who were given knowledge, by degrees. And Allah is acquainted with what you do.” (QS. Al-Mujadila : 11)1 1https://www.quran.com, Al-Mujadila/58 (accessed on January, 26th 2019 at 12.10 pm) iii DEDICATION بِ ْس ِم ّللاِ ال َّز ْحم ِه ال َّز ِح ْي م In the name of Allah SWT. who has given the most gracious mercy and blessing for me in finishing this thesis. Peace and salutation are never forgotten to send to the Prophet Muhammad SAW as the perfect example and the inspiration of Moslem’s life. I dedicate this thesis to my beloved parents who always give me support and pray in every step of my life, included during arranged this thesis, for my beloved father (Hamsan Purba) and my beloved mother (Sri Menanti) who always make me energetic to achive my success. I also dedicate this thesis for all of my brothers and sisters who always support me when I become down. You all are my motivation to finish this thesis well and to have my success as milestone to continue our study. Thank you for everything, i do love you all. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT Firstly, the writer thanks and prays onto Allah SWT, the Lord of the Universe and other creatures, who has given us mercies and blessings which have given from the starting point until the end of my study now. Then, Sholawat and Salam always be given to our Prophet Muhammad saw, as the perfect example who has guided us to the truth religion, namely Islam. Hopefully, we can get his syafa’at later at The Last Day. Secondly, I would like to thank to all people who have supported me in writing this thesis. My sincere gratitude goes to: 1. The Rector of State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Dr. H. Hadri Hasan, MA. The Vise of Rector, Dr. H. Suaidi, MA, Ph.D., Dr. H. Hidayat, M.Pd., and Dr. H. Fadilla, M.P.d., who are allowed me to study in the university. 2. The dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty, Prof. Dr. Maisah, M.Pd.I., The Vice Dean, Dr. Alfian, M.Ed., Dr. H. M. Fadhil, M.Ag., and Dr. Raudhoh, M.Pd.I. 3. The Head of English Literature Department, Ulfatmi Azlan, S.S., MA and the secretary Dian Mukhlisa, MA. who have given me advices. 4. My beloved supervisors, Bahren, SS., MA. and Erwin Hage, S.Pd., MA. who have guided me during the process of finishing this thesis. v vi ABBREVIATION Aug : August p : Page Sept : September WBC : World Boxing Council vii ABSTRACT Jumantir, Herlin. 2019. Metaphor Used in Sports Articles in The Jakarta Post Online Newspapers. The student of English Literature Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty. Supervisor I : Bahren, SS., MA. and Supervisor II : Erwin Hage, S.Pd., MA. This research analyzes the metaphor used in sports articles in The Jakarta Post online newspapers. The metaphor which is used makes the readers having many interpretations about the content of information. It is often found the words or phrases the readers rarely seen before. This research focuses to find the types of metaphor and the function of each type of metaphors the writer found on the data in sports articles in The Jakarta Post online newspapers. The writer uses George Lakoff and Mark Johnson (1992) and John Searle (2014) theory as the main theories. By those theories, the writer is easier in determining the metaphor. Considering those theories are suitable to help the writer in analyzing the data. Those consist of the types of conceptual metaphor which are used to classify the metaphor into three and to identify the functions of the metaphor. It is a qualitative research that uses descriptive method. The writer found the reliable and valid data based on the theory. Besides, the writer uses technique of documentation to collect the data then technique of interactive analysis by Miles and Huberman model to analyze the data. The result of this research is the writer found types of metaphor in sports articles in The Jakarta Post online newspapers that is Structural metaphor 7 (32%), Orientational metaphor 5 (23%) and Ontological metaphor 10 (45%). So, the writer found the dominant metaphor or the metaphor which is most frequently used is Ontological metaphor. Finally, the writer knew that the functions of metaphor used in those articles are assertive 15, directive 13 and expressive 9 based on pragmatics functions. This research shows that the journalists use metaphor for stating, telling, describing, commanding, congratulating, thanking, and welcoming. Keywords: Metaphor, Sport Article, The Jakarta Post, Online Newspaper viii ABSTRAK Jumantir, Herlin. 2019. Metaphor Used in Sports Articles in The Jakarta Post Online Newspapers. The student of English Literature Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty. Pembimbing I : Bahren, SS., MA. dan Pembimbing II : Erwin Hage, S.Pd., MA. Penelitian ini mengkaji metafora yang digunakan didalam artikel olahraga pada koran online The Jakarta Post. Metafora yang digunakan membuat pembaca memiliki beragam interpretasi mengenai isi berita. Pembaca menemukan adanya kata-kata atau frasa-frasa yang jarang ditemukan. Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan tipe-tipe metafora yang muncul dan fungsi tiap-tiap tipe metafora yang penulis temukan di dalam data artikel olahraga di koran online The Jakarta Post. Penulis menggunakan teori George Lakoff dan Mark Johnson (1992) serta teori John Searle (2014) sebagai teori utama. Dengan teori tersebut, penulis lebih mudah untuk menentukan metafora. Teori ini cocok untuk membantu penulis dalam menganalisis data. teori ini terdiri atas tipe-tipe metafora yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan metafora kedalam tiga tipe dan fungsi- fungsi metafora berdasarkan fungsi-fungsi pragmatik. Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Penulis menemukan data yang valid dan terpercaya berdasarkan pada teori. Selain itu, penulis menggunakan teknik dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data dan teknik analisis interaktif dengan model Miles dan Huberman untuk menganalisis data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penulis menemukan tipe-tipe metafora di dalam artikel olahraga dalam koran online The Jakarta Post yaitu Metafora Struktural 7 (32%), Metafora Orientasi 5 (23%), dan Metafora Ontologis 10 (45%). Maka dari itu, penulis menemukan metafora dominan atau metafora yang paling sering digunakan yaitu Metafora Ontologis. Dengan demikian, penulis mengetahui fungsi daripada metafora yang digunakan dalam artikel olahraga tersebut adalah fungsi asersi sebanyak 15, direksi sebanyak 13 dan ekpresif sebanyak 9 berdasarkan fungsi- fungsi pragmatik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jurnalis menggunakan metafora untuk menyatakan, memberitahukan, menggambarkan, memberi perintah, berterima kasih, menyambut, dan mengucapkan selamat. Kata kunci: Metafora, Artikel Olahraga, The Jakarta Post, Koran Online ix TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE OF TITLE…………………………………………………..……………. i APPROVAL…………………..………………………………......……………... ii LETTER OF RATIFICATION…………………………………….................. iii STATEMENT OF THESIS ORIGINALITY………………..…..…………… iv MOTTO…………………………………………………………......................... v DEDICATION……………………………………………………….................. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………….................…... vii ABBREVIATION…………………………………………………………….….ix ABSTRACT……………………………………………………….………….......x ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………..................... xi TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. ..xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Problem ......................................................................... 1 B. Formulation of the Problem ......................................................................... 4 C. Limitation of the Problem ............................................................................ 4 D. Purpose of the Research ............................................................................... 4 E. Significance of the Research ........................................................................ 5 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK A. Metaphor ...................................................................................................... 6 B. Pragmatics Functions on Metaphor .............................................................. 9 C. Metaphor in Newspaper ............................................................................ 10 a. Language in Newspaper ........................................................................ 10 b. Metaphor in Sport Article ...................................................................... 13 x D. Figurative Language .................................................................................. 14 E. The Jakarta Post ......................................................................................... 15 F. Review of Related Research ...................................................................... 15 CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH A. Design of Research.................................................................................... 19 B. Source of Data ...........................................................................................