Institutional Violence in Ontario Final Report Case Study: Toronto South Detention Centre Independent Review of Ontario Corrections December 2018 Institutional Violence in Ontario Final Report Case Study: Toronto South Detention Centre Independent Review of Ontario Corrections December 2018 Independent Review of Ontario Corrections Team Core Members Howard Sapers — Independent Advisor Andrea Monteiro — Review Team Manager Yoko Murphy — Corrections Advisor Jean-Philippe Crete — Corrections Advisor Mitchell Croteau Walker — Corrections Advisor Kim St-Cyr — Administrative Assistant ISBN: 978-1-4868-2963-7 (Print) © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, December 2018 Table of Contents PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 3 I. MANDATE AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 10 II. CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND .................................................................................................... 15 Findings from the Interim Report ......................................................................................... 16 III. KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................ 21 1. Data Collection and Information Reporting ................................................................... 21 Reported Incidents ................................................................................................................ 21 Reporting Process .................................................................................................................. 22 Information Sharing ............................................................................................................... 27 Data Collection and Information Reporting Recommendations: ............................................. 28 2. Institutional Culture and Staffing .................................................................................. 30 Correctional Work Environment ........................................................................................... 30 Relationships with Managers ................................................................................................ 37 Perspectives and Attitudes Toward Correctional Work ........................................................ 38 Training and Hiring Correctional Staff ................................................................................... 46 Institutional Culture and Staffing Recommendations: ............................................................. 52 3. Operational Practices.................................................................................................... 55 Control Mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 56 Inmate Intake Assessment and Classification ....................................................................... 58 Multi-level Housing Units ...................................................................................................... 63 Programming ......................................................................................................................... 68 Operational Practices Recommendations: ................................................................................ 77 IV. CONSOLIDATED RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................. 81 V. IMPLEMENTING CHANGE ............................................................................................................. 89 APPENDIX A. CASE STUDY: TORONTO SOUTH DETENTION CENTRE .............................. A-1 A-I. Context and Background .............................................................................................. A-4 Institutional History .................................................................................................................. A-5 Inmate Demographics .............................................................................................................. A-8 Inmate Supervision Model ..................................................................................................... A-10 Staffing Numbers .................................................................................................................... A-16 Population Ratios ................................................................................................................... A-18 Institutional Budget ................................................................................................................ A-19 A-II. Inmate-on-Staff Incidents: 2017 In-Depth Analysis ..................................................... A-22 Reported Incidents of Inmate-on-Staff Violence ................................................................... A-24 Inmates Involved in Incidents ................................................................................................ A-28 Correctional Employees Involved in Incidents ....................................................................... A-33 A-III. Incident Reporting Practices ..................................................................................... A-35 Inmate-on-Staff Incidents ...................................................................................................... A-35 Misconducts ........................................................................................................................... A-37 A-IV. Institutional Culture ................................................................................................. A-41 Employee Safety Concerns ..................................................................................................... A-41 Staff-Management Relationships ........................................................................................... A-43 Punitive Views ........................................................................................................................ A-46 Staff-Inmate Relationships ..................................................................................................... A-47 A-V. Staff Training and Mentorship Opportunities ............................................................ A-49 A-VI. Operational Practices ............................................................................................... A-56 Inmate Classification .............................................................................................................. A-56 Multi-level Housing Units ....................................................................................................... A-58 Special Needs Unit .............................................................................................................. A-59 Mental Health Assessment Unit ......................................................................................... A-59 Behavioural Management Unit and Special Handling Unit ................................................ A-60 Operationalizing TSDC’s Housing Units .............................................................................. A-63 Inmate Programming ............................................................................................................. A-69 A-VII. Toronto South Detention Centre: Opportunities for Change .................................... A-74 APPENDIX B. IROC INSTITUTIONAL VIOLENCE SURVEY RESULTS ................................... B-1 Supplementary Tables – Final Report ...................................................................................... B-1 Supplementary Tables – Appendix A. Case Study: Toronto South Detention Centre ............. B-5 Table of Figures Figure 1. Reported Inmate-on-Staff Incidents of Violence, 2012-2017 ....................................... 16 Figure 2. Reported Inmate-on-Staff Incidents by Type, 2017 at TSDC and Rest of Provincial Institutions ................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 3. MCSCS Incident Reporting Paperwork Process ............................................................. 22 Figure 4. MCSCS New Hires in Select Ontario Correctional Facilities, 2014-2017 ....................... 48 Figure 5. Age, Holding Type, and Most Serious Offence for Inmates at TSDC in 2017 ................ 56 Figure 6. Inmate Recreation Areas, OCI ........................................................................................ 69 Figure 7. Communal Living and Dining Areas, OCI ........................................................................ 69 Figure 8. Inmate Program Areas, CNCC ........................................................................................ 70 Figure 9. Resident Room, SLVCTC ................................................................................................. 71 Table of Tables Table 1. Number of IROC Institutional Violence Survey Respondents by Institution .................. 13 Table 2. IROC Institutional Violence Survey – Responses from Correctional Officers and Sergeants (including Staff Sergeants) .......................................................................................... 39 Table of Textboxes