Management Plan for Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region, the 2019‐2018 Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid Region Management Plan 2019-2028. Skopje‐Ohrid‐Struga Debrca, 2019. 1 Management Plan for Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region, the 2019‐2018 Content 1. Foreword 8 2. Introduction 9 2.1. History of the protection of the Ohrid region ............................................................................... 9 2.2. Statement of outstanding universal value .................................................................................... 9 2.3. Outstanding universal value ......................................................................................................... 9 2.4. Criteria for the inscription of the Ohrid region on the World Heritage List ............................... 10 2.5. Integrity ....................................................................................................................................... 11 2.6. Authenticity ................................................................................................................................. 12 2.7. Limits of goods ............................................................................................................................ 12 2.8. Contact area ................................................................................................................................ 13 2.8.1 Proposed boundaries of the contact zone ..................................................................................... 14 2.8.1.1. Proposal 1: limit contact zone is identical to the limit of the transitional zone of the biosphere reserve Ohrid‐Prespa .............................................................................................................................. 15 2.8.1.2. Proposal 2: Limit of contact zone which includes Lake Prespa .................................................. 18 2.8.1.3. Proposal 3: Limit of the contact area with the main emphasis on the integrity of the National Park Galicica ............................................................................................................................................ 19 3. Values 21 3.1. Natural values ............................................................................................................................. 21 3.2. Cultural values ............................................................................................................................. 28 3.3. Social values ................................................................................................................................ 34 3.4. Scientific ‐ educational values ..................................................................................................... 34 4th Methodology and process of preparing the management Plan for the natural and cultural heritage in the Ohrid region 36 4.1. Need for the adoption of sustainable management Plan of World Heritage ............................. 36 4.2. Methodology on the preparation of the management Plan ...................................................... 36 4.3. Process of preparation of the management Plan ....................................................................... 37 5. Management of natural and cultural heritage in the Ohrid region 39 5.1. Strategic framework ................................................................................................................... 39 5.2. Legal framefork ........................................................................................................................... 40 5.3. institutional framework .............................................................................................................. 41 5.3.1. Ownership ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.4. System on management of natural and cultural heritage in the Ohrid region .......................... 43 5.4.1. Planning and Use of Land ............................................................................................................ 43 5.4.1.1. Space Plans .......................................................................................................................... 43 5.4.1.2. Urban plans ......................................................................................................................... 45 5.4.1.3.Competent institutions for managing spatial and urban development in the Ohrid region ...... 47 2 Management Plan for Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region, the 2019‐2018 5.4.2. Managing natural heritage ......................................................................................................... 48 5.4.3 Management of Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................. 49 5.4.4 Management Committee of natural and cultural heritage in the Ohrid region ............................ 50 6. Risks and assessment of threats to the outstanding universal value 52 6.1. Identified risks and recommendations in the Report of the UNESCO Reactive mission ................. 52 6.2. Coastal transformation and threats to the sites with natural values .............................................. 53 6.3. Risks as classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) .............................................................................................. 55 6.3.1. Factors affecting water quality in the watershed of Lake Ohrid .................................................. 57 6.4.1. Urbanization and illegal buildings ................................................................................................. 63 6.5. Other risks on the conservation of outstanding universal value of natural and cultural heritage in the Ohrid region ...................................................................................................................................... 65 6.5.1. infrastructure facilities .................................................................................................................. 66 6.5.2. Newly constructed buildings in the old city cores ........................................................................ 71 7. Vision and objectives of protection 74 7.1. Vision ................................................................................................................................................ 74 7.2. Objectives ......................................................................................................................................... 74 8. Zoning and safeguard measures within the natural and cultural heritage in the Ohrid region 76 8.1. Need to establish protected zones within the natural and cultural heritage in the Ohrid region .. 76 8.1.1. Properties of values as a basis for zoning ..................................................................................... 76 8.2. Coastal functionality of the Ohrid lake as a criterion for the strictest protection ........................... 77 8.3. Criteria for determining the boundaries of protected areas ........................................................... 80 8.4. Measures of protection zones established within the natural and cultural heritage in the Ohrid region ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………81 8.4.1. Measures for protection of natural heritage in the Ohrid region ................................................ 81 8.4.2. Measures for protection of cultural heritage in the Ohrid region ................................................ 87 9. Action Plan 100 10. Implementation of the Management Plan and implementing measures and activities for protection 100 11. Monitoring Plan 102 12. Visitor’s Management Plan 104 13. Education Program 104 13.1 Youth education ............................................................................................................................ 105 13.2 Raising awareness of other target groups .................................................................................... 106 13.2.1 Training of tourist guides ........................................................................................................... 106 13.2.2 Training of administrative officials and public employees ........................................................ 107 13.2.3 Training of farmers for ecologically acceptable production ...................................................... 107 13.3 Mechanisms for citizen’s involvement ......................................................................................... 108 3 Management Plan for Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region, the 2019‐2018 13.3 Mechanisms for raising awareness through social media ............................................................ 109 Appendix 1: Natural values 115 Appendix 2: Cultural values 121 Bibliography Error! Bookmark not defined. Content image: Figure 1 Outstanding universal value of natural and cultural heritage of the Ohrid region ......... Error! Bookmark not defined. Picture 2.Borders of transboundary good with defined contact zone at the Albanian side ....................................... 15 Picture 3.Biosphere’s reserve Ohrid‐Prespa ................................................................................................................. 16 Picture 4.Border at the transitional zone