UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI RESEARCH COMPENDIUM Research Title Use of some plant extracts for the management of cercospora leaf spot of groundnut in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria. Researchers Name(s): Alkali1, G. and Bdliya1, B. S. Lead Researcher first Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria Correspondence Address (Tel., email, [email protected] Physical) Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published Source of publication (Journal, Periodical Research Journal of science, Vol. 11(1&2) 57 etc, vol. page Nos.) – 68.Published by Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria Year of Publication 2005 Source of funding Self Abstract Field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department Crop Protection, University of Maiduguri during 2003 cropping season, to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extracts for the management of Cercospora leaf spot diseases of groundnut. The plant extract were obtained from neem (Azadirachta indica) seed , garlic(Allium sativum) clove, onion (Allium cepa) blub, ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome and pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaves. Unsprayed plots and plots sprayed with Ridomil 75WP served as checks. Three spraying regime (R1, R2 &R3) were also used. The experiment was laid out in a strip plot design with three replication. Results obtained show that spraying with the plant extract significantly reduced Cercospora leaf spot disease and increase yield parameters compared to the control. Spray regimes also had significant effect on Cercospora leaf spot disease incidence and severity, seed yield, pod yield, shelling percentage, 100 seed weight and haulm yield, compared to the control. Treatment with neem seed extract at three spray regime recorded the lowest incidence and severity, though not significantly different from treatment with Ridomil (check) . Compared to the control an increase of 30.47% seed yield was recorded with neem seed extract treatment. The results of the study showed that treatment with neem seed extracts at three spray regimes gave a better control of Cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut in the Sudan savanna Research impacts Research Title Levels of variability in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) to cercospora leaf disease- implication for selection. Researchers Name(s): A.U. Izge1, Z. H. Mohammed2 & G.Alkali2 . Lead Researcher first Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Production, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria 2Department of Crop Protection, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria Correspondence Address (Tel., email, [email protected] Physical) Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published Source of publication (Journal, Periodical African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. etc, vol. page Nos.) 2 (4) 182- 186. Published by Academic Journals, Available online at http:/www.academicjournals.org/AJAR Year of Publication 2007 Source of funding Self Abstract Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop both in subsistence and commercial agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of the World. Leaf spot diseases caused by fungus have been a major destructive disease of groundnut and could cause a yield loss of up to 50% or more. A two- year experiment was conducted during the cropping seasons of 2002 and 2003 at the Faculty of Agriculture Research Farm, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. The objective of the study was t determine the reaction of different groundnut varieties to cercospora leaf spot disease to create basis for selection for cercospora leaf spot disease tolerance. The experiment consisted of twenty four groundnut varieties, laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated highly significant difference among the groundnut varieties in all studied. The results indicated that ICGV-SM-93531, ICGV-IS- 96802, ICGV-IS-96827 and ICGV-IS- 96808 had the lowest cercospora leaf spot incidence. The variety ICGV-IS-96808 that produced the highest kernel yield also had the the lowest days to 50% flowering and incidentally is among varieties that recorded the lowest leaf spot incidence. The study found tremendous level of variability existing among the groundnut varieties that is essential in crop improvement. This study recommends that development or selection of tolerant varieties to leaf spot should be based on their level of incidence. This will be the only effective measure in decreasing production costs and protect the environment from pollution. Potential therefore exist for selection among the groundnut varieties evaluated for cercospora leaf spot disease tolerance. There is however, a need to undertake further studies in order to determine the type and the number of genes controlling cercospora leaf spot disease tolerance in groundnut for enhanced breeding strategies. Keywards: Groundnut, leaf spot, tolerance, selection, breeding strategy. Research impacts Research Title Cost- benefit of using some plant extracts in controlling cercospora leaf spot of groundnut in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. Researchers Name(s): Bdliya1, B. S. and Alkali1, G. Lead Researcher first Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria Correspondence Address (Tel., email, [email protected] Physical) Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published Source of publication (Journal, Periodical Archives of Phytopathology and Plant etc, vol. page Nos.) Protection. Vol. 43,(1) 95 – 104. Published by Taylor &Francis Group, Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK, available online at http://www.informaworld.com/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400701722129 Year of Publication 2008 Source of funding Self Abstract Field trials were conducted to evaluate the economics of controlling cercospora leaf spot of groundnut using different plant extracts. The experiments were laid out in a completely randomized block design (CRDB) with three replications at the Teaching and Research farm of the Department of Crop Protection, University of Maiduguri, Sudan savanna of Nigeria during the 2002 and 2003 cropping seasons. Five plant extracts, namely, neem seed, garlic clove, onion bulb, ginger rhizome and pawpaw leaf extracts and a fungicide ridomil were applied as foliar sprays while the controls were left untreated. The application of the plant extracts led to about 3–10% reduction in the disease incidence and 10–15% reduction in disease severity and gave higher seed and haulm yields than the control. Ridomil gave about 16% reduction in disease incidence and 19% reduction in disease severity. The cost- benefit analysis revealed positive returns per hectare from use of the plant extracts for controlling the disease in the study area. Application of neem seed extract, for instance, gave 43.82% seed yield increase over the control which translated into a mean (two years) net profit of N198 730.56 Nigerian Naira equivalent to $1987.31 per hectare. Even the least effective of the plant extracts (ginger rhizome) gave seed yield increase of 24.17% over the control which translated into a mean (two years) net profit of N167 247.00 equivalent to $1672.47 per hectare for the two seasons. The control gave mean net profit of N134,121.21 equivalent to $1341.21 per hectare which is lower than those realized from the plant extracts. The profit from the sell of haulms which is an additional income to the farmer amounted to N50 944.56, equivalent to $509.45 per hectare following application of neem seed extract. These returns are attractive particularly to the farmers in the study area who grow the high yielding, cercospora susceptible Ex-Dakar groundnut variety. Keywords: groundnut; cercospora leaf spot; plant extracts; control; cost-benefit analysis Research impacts Research Title Efficacy of some plant extracts in the management of cercospora leaf spot of groundnut in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. Researchers Name(s): Bdliya1, B. S. and Alkali1, G.. Lead Researcher first Researchers Address(es) 1Department of Crop Protection, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria Correspondence Address (Tel., email, [email protected] Physical) Publication Status (Published/ unpublished) Published Source of publication (Journal, Periodical Archives of Phytopathology and Plant etc, vol. page Nos.) Protection. Vol. 43, (5) 507 – 518. Published by Taylor &Francis Group, Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK, available online at http://www.informaworld.com/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400701875661 Year of Publication 2010 Source of funding Self Abstract Field trails were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of neem seed, garlic clove, onion bulb, ginger rhizome and pawpaw leaf extracts applied as foliar spray in controlling cercospora leaf spot of groundnut in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria during the 2002 and 2003 cropping seasons. Ridomil was used as a positive check while the control was left untreated. Three spray regimes ( once, twice and thrice) were evaluated A strip plot design with three replications was used in setting up the experiments Ex-Dakar, a cercospora leaf spot susceptible Spanish Valencia groundnut variety, was used as planting material . All the plant extracts reduced the incidence and severity of cercospora leaf spot in both seasons compared to the untreated crops. However, neem seed and garlic clove extracts significantly reduced the incidence