The 8th Hydro Asia 2014 Introduction to Geum River Basin 2014. 7. 21 Kwansue JUNG Department of Civil Engineering Chungnam National University 1 Contents 1. Climate Change 2. Introduction to Geum River Basin 3. Flood Control in Geum River Basin 4. Water Supply in Geum River Basin 5. Environmental and Ecological Survey in Geum River Basin 6. Governance in Geum River Basin 2 1. Climate Change 3 Contents 1-1. Climate Change Impacts in Global Scale 1-2. Climate Change Impacts in Korean peninsula 1-3. Adaptive Measures to Climate Change 4 1-1. Climate Change Impacts in Global Scale The Current Global Climate Change (IPCC) Global Mean Temp. (0.7oC↑) Global Mean Sea level (15cm↑) Over the last Snow melting in the North Pole 150 years Over the last 1,000 years, CO2 has risen from 280ppm up to 370ppm 1979 2005 5 1-1. Climate Change Impacts in Global Scale Sea Surface Temperature Variation from July 1997 to July 1998 by courtesy of Jean-Louis Fellous, COSPAR Sea surface temperature variation from July 1997 to July 1998 as observed by the ATSER radiometer on-board the European satellite ERS-2 6 1-1. Climate Change Impacts in Global Scale Emission of GHG : Driving Force of Climate Change Greenhouse Gases(GHG) 7 1-1. Climate Change Impacts in Global Scale The Consequences of Global Warming 8 1-1. Climate Change Impacts in Global Scale The Outlook of Global Climate Change in the end of 21C In the end of 21C o In the end of < Temp. 6.4 C ↑) > 21C In the future after 100 years • CO2, 370ppm up to 700ppm • Temp. increased +4.2oC • Mean sea level 0.59m↑ • Snow melting 100% in the North Pole • Localized heavy rain, Typhoon intensity ↑ 9 1-1. Climate Change Impacts in Global Scale Global Warming Projection in 2100 Year 2100? Year 2000 Year 1900 <Predicted changes in average Ice age surface temperature according to a range of global climate models using an SRES emissions scenario> 10 1-2. Climate Change Impacts in Korean peninsula General characteristics ① Not Exceptional in Korea Over the past 100 years • Temp. 1.5oC↑, sea level 22cm↑ • Yearly rain. 7％↑, Rainfall intensity 18％ ↑ Mean Temp. Days of 100mm/d for the past 30 yrs Variation (days) 11 1-2. Climate Change Impacts in Korean peninsula General characteristics ② Climate Change : Temperate monsoon à semitropical • Change in ecosystem (fish) due to global warming Ratio into semi- Region tropical forests south 34.99% Mid-west 16.18% plants Mid-east 3.16% north 3.11% fishes East-west sea Semi-tropical ※ KEI (2003) 12 1-2. Climate Change Impacts in Korean peninsula GImenpearcatls c ohna rWacateri sStyicstse ③m 13 1-2. Climate Change Impacts in Korean peninsula Flood & Drought (polarization in water resources) • During the last 10yrs(’99~’08), the localized rainfall over 100mm/d increased 1.4 times more than the past 10 yrs(’70~’80) • Over the last 100 yrs(1908~2007), drought frequency 16 times↑, 2 year continuous severe drought frequency 7 times↑ 14 1977-1986 Daily Precipitation 12 1987-1996 • ‘77～’86 : two distinctive modal pattern, 1997-2006 ) m 10 the amount of rain similar m ( 량 8 수 강 • ‘87～’06 : the difference bet. Two modes 6 균 Small, the precip. of 1st period increased 평 4 일 2 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D M월o별nth 14 1-2. Climate Change Impacts in Korean peninsula Flood & Drought 7yrs 7yrs 5yrs 6yrs 6yrs • 5~7 year drought frequency since 1970 • the yearly precipitation clearly increased 15 1-2. Climate Change Impacts in Korean peninsula Flood (Flood Outlook) the localized rainfall frequency over 100mm/d increase 2.7 times • Extreme event over 1,000mm/d ↑ * the existed daily max. rainfall : 870mm(Typhoon RUSA in ’02) • Flood protection capacity of the existed banks designed with 100 year return period flood ↓ ½ Korea Peninsula Earth Simulator → two huge typhoon simultaneously 16 1-2. Climate Change Impacts in Korean peninsula Drought (Drought & Water Shortage Outlook) the number of drought occurrence↑ 3.4 times • Stream discharge ↓ 5.7% during drought season, severe water shortage * Nakdong 2.4%(↓), Guem 13.3%(↓), Youngsan 10.8%(↓) in 2060 * Reason : The yearly rainfall will increase, however evaporation will increase due to temperature increase • With current water demand maintained, 3.3billion ㎥ of water shortage in 2060 17 1-2. Climate Change Impacts in Korean peninsula Socio-environmental Impacts Putting people at high risk of death due to like developing dengue fever, high temp. 18 1-2. Climate Change Impacts in Korean peninsula Socio-environmental Impacts • Deforestation on Amazon Basin desertification 19 1-3. Adaptive Measures to Climate Change Two Pitfalls of Avoid To deny some evidence of To provide too alarmistic prediction of climate evolution climate evolution/change (in particular extreme events) ☞ Need for a balanced vision to address issues in a serious manner 20 1-3. Adaptive Measures to Climate Change Strategy Counter-Measures for Climate Change Mitigation Measures ● Multiple measures ● Effective& Efficient Adaptation Measures Adaptation Programme - Risk Assessment - Facility Ex) Dike, Dam, Discharge, Infiltration trench, … Regional Development Ex) Land use regulation, Building restriction, Circle levee, … Crisis Management Ex) Flood Hazard Map, Real-time information, TEC-Force, … Monitoring Ex) River Information, Planning, Revision of plan, … 21 1-3. Adaptive Measures to Climate Change Four Adaption Measures of K-water 1) Enhancing Reservoir Operation Tech. with Improving the Accuracy of Rain & Stream Flow Forecast 2) Flood control capacity improvement project of the existed dams in terms of hydrological stability 3) Development of Drought Early Warning System 4) Four River Restoration project (4RRP) for of the existed dams in terms of hydrological stability 22 1-3. Adaptive Measures to Climate Change Four Adaption Measures of K-water 1) Enhancing Reservoir Operation Tech. with Improving the Accuracy of Rain & Stream Flow Forecast [ Improving the Accuracy of Rain Forecast ] 11 Rain Radars Quantitative Numerical Forecast [ Improving the Accuracy of Stream Flow Forecast ] • Developing the Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Model based on Rain Radar • Developing the Optimal Reservoir Joint Operation System for Water Supply and Flood Control 23 1-3. Adaptive Measures to Climate Change Four Adaption Measures of K-water 1) Enhancing Reservoir Operation Tech. with Improving the Accuracy of Rain & Stream Flow Forecast Adaptive Reservoir Operation according to Flow Forecast Mitigation of Flood Damage 24 1-3. Adaptive Measures to Climate Change Four Adaption Measures of K-water 2) Flood control capacity improvement project of the existed dams in terms of hydrological stability ü The PMP of dam basin ↑compared to design value design <PMP variation> 863mm 870mm re-estimation (317%) <max daily prep. variation> 561mm (132%) 547mm 424mm 272mm Imha dam Ange dam Kangrung (’02 RUSA) 25 1-3. Adaptive Measures to Climate Change Four Adaption Measures of K-water 2) Flood control capacity improvement project of the existed dams in terms of hydrological stability Type1. tunnel type spillway <소양강댐> Ty<p영e천2.댐 o>pen channel spillway Type3. gate installation Type4. parapet wall 26 1-3. Adaptive Measures to Climate Change Four Adaption Measures of K-water 3) Development of Drought Early Warning System 27 1-3. Adaptive Measures to Climate Change Four Adaption Measures of K-water 4) Four River Restoration project (4RRP) for Dam Weir Flood Retention Res. of the existed dams in terms of hydrological stability Han Riv. Ipo Object Yeoju Gangcheon Preparation Re- Geum Riv. Youngju dam for modeling Guemnam Andong-Imha Sangju connection Climate of National Guemgang Nakdan Weir Buyeo Gumi Change Land Nakdong Riv. Chilgok Bohyeon dam Gangjeong Seomjin Riv. Dalseong Balanced Hapcheon Coexistence Damyang of Nature Development & Green Haman and Human Seungchon Growth Juksan Hwasun Youngsan Riv. 28 2. Introduction to Geum River Basin 29 Contents 2-1. Introduction of Geum River Basin 2-2. Population and Tourism 2-3. Topographic Characteristics 2-4. Climate and Weather 2-5. Hydrological Observation 2-6. Hydrological Characteristics 30 2.1 Introduction of Geum River Basin Introduction § Basin Area : 9,914㎢ § Main stream length : 401㎞ § Average Annual Precipitation:1,256㎜ Main stream of Geum 31 2.2 Population and Tourism § Geum River Basin includes Deajeon Province, North Chungcheong Province and South Chungcheong Province. § Population in Geum River Basin is about 4.8 % of total population. River Basin 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Overall 48,571,380 48,769,819 48,978,272 49,255,339 49,526,708 49,759,365 50,501,696 50,720,279 Geum River 5,925,082 5,931,885 5,952,048 5,990,592 6,044,594 6,077,126 6,151,340 6,203,610 Basin 32 2.3 Population and Tourism Improvement of life quality § Creation of new areas for leisure activities - Auto Camp Grounds - Total Length : 301㎞ for Bike Road § Eco river park 33 2.4 Topographic Characteristics Land year farmland forest land site etc Use 2005 2,322(24%) 6,206(62%) 631.4(6%) 798.6(8%) 80~10 slope total <10 10~20 20~40 40~60 60~80 100< 0 Geum 9,959 2,795 1,618 3,003 1,833 590 105 14 river Land (100.0) (28.1) (16.2) (30.2) (18.4) (5.9) (1.1) (0.1) (%) Land use waters Slope urbanization Up bare ground marsh 4,210 653 584 1,365 1,098 418 81 11 grashland stream forest paddy field Down 5,749 2,142 1,034 1,639 735 172 24 3 <Land use of Geum river basin> stream Basin Basin Basin Average Highest Area Maintenanc Average River Basin Density Frequency Elevation Elevation (km2) e Constant Slope (%) (L/L2) (1/L2) (m) (EL.m) (L2/L) Overall 109,413 1.99 2.84 0.50 191.0 26.46 1,945.5 - Geum River 9,914 2.51 4.86 0.40 223.9 32.20 1,611.2 ① Basin Density = River length/Unit area ② Basin Frequency = Number of river/ Unit area ③ Basin Maintenance Constant = Area /Total River Length 34 2.5 Climate and Weather § Continental climate in winter and the oceanic climate in summer.