Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan

A saudi man with his horse Turabeg Khanym Mausoleum in Flickr / Charles Roffey Flickr / John Pavelka TURKMENISTAN Mar. 2020 Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Geography . 6 Introduction . 6 Geographical Divisions . 7 Karakum Desert � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Kugitang Mountains � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Kopet-Dag Range � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Bodies of Water . 8 Amu Darya River � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Tejen River � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Murghab River � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Atrek River � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Karakum Canal � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Lake Altyn Asyr � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Lake Sarykamysh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Caspian Sea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf (Garabogazköl) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �10 Climate . .. 10 Major Cities . 11 Ashgabat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Turkmenabat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �12 Dashoguz (Dashowuz) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �12 Mary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Turkmenbashi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Environmental Concerns . 14 Natural Hazards . 16 Chapter 1 | Geography, Assessment . 17 Chapter 1 | Geography, Assessment Answers . .. 18 Countries in Perspective | Turkmenistan Table of Contents 2 Chapter 2 | History . 19 Introduction . 19 Early History . 20 Turkmen Expansion . 20 Russian Colonial Rule . 21 Soviet Turkmenistan . 22 Independence and Niyazov’s Cult of Personality . .. 23 Recent Events . 25 Chapter 2 | History, Assessment . 27 Chapter 2 | History, Assessment Answers . 28 Chapter 3 | Economy . 29 Introduction . 29 Agriculture . 31 Industry . 32 Energy . 33 Natural Gas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �33 Gas Pipelines � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �33 Gas-to-Liquid Plant � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �34 Petroleum � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �34 Natural Resources . 35 Trade . 35 Tourism . 36 Banking and Finance . 37 Banking � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �37 Finance � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �37 Standard of Living . 38 Employment . 40 Outlook . 40 Chapter 3 | Economy, Assessment . 41 Chapter 3 | Economy, Assessment Answers . 42 Countries in Perspective | Turkmenistan Table of Contents 3 Chapter 4 | Society . 43 Introduction . 43 Ethnic Groups . 44 Turkmen � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �44 Russians � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �44 Uzbeks � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �45 Languages . 45 Religion . 46 Islam in Turkmenistan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �47 Eastern (Russian) Orthodox Church � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �48 Cuisine . 48 Traditional Dress . 49 Gender Issues . 50 Arts . 51 Carpets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �51 Jewelry � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �52 Literature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �52 Music � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �52 Sports and Recreation . .. 53 Horseback Riding � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �54 Chapter 4 | Society, Assessment . 55 Chapter 4 | Society, Assessment Answers . 56 Chapter 5 | Security . 57 Introduction . 57 Foreign Relations . 58 United States-Turkmenistan Relations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �58 Relations with Other Countries . 59 Afghanistan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �60 Azerbaijan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �60 Iran � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �61 Countries in Perspective | Turkmenistan Table of Contents 4 Kazakhstan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �62 Uzbekistan � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �62 Russia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �64 Police . 64 State Border Guards Service � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �65 The Presidential Guard Service � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �65 Military . 65 Cybersecurity . 67 Issues Affecting Stability . 67 Economic Decline � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �67 Terrorism and Drug Trafficking . 68 Water Security . 69 Outlook . 70 Chapter 5 | Security, Assessment . 71 Chapter 5 | Security, Assessment Answers . 72 Further Readings and Resources . 73 Online Articles . 73 Books . 74 YouTube . 74 Final Assessment . .. 75 Final Assessment Answers . 78 Countries in Perspective | Turkmenistan Table of Contents 5 Go back to Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Geography The Karakum desert Flickr / John Pavelka Introduction Turkmenistan is located in Central Asia on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea . It shares land borders with Iran in the south, Afghanistan in the south and the east, Kazakhstan in the north and Uzbekistan in the north and east . Turkmenistan shares the landlocked Caspian Sea with Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Russia . Turkmenistan is slightly larger than California 1. The most dominant feature of Turkmenistan’s.

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    80 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us