-; pi lu n iillnli'l.I n/ 7' y : THE EASTERN ORIGIN CELTIC NATIONS PROVED BY A COMPABISON OF THEIK r>I^4^LECTS WITH TEE SANSKRIT, GREEK, LATIN, AND TEUTONIC LANGUAGES FORMING A SUPPLEMENT TO RESEARCHES INTO THE PHYSICAL HISTORY OF MANKIND. JAMES COWLES PRICHARD, M.D., F.R.S., ETC. EDITED BY R. G. LATHAM, M.A., M.D., F.R.S., LONDON: HOULSTON AT^D WRIGHT, 65, PATERXOSTER ROW AND BERI^ARD QUARITCH, ORIENTAL AND PHILOLOGICAL PUBLISHER, CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE. 1857. STEPHEN AUSTIN, -4M PRIKTEH, HERTFOHD. THE REVEREND WILLIAM DANIEL CONYBEARE, A.M., F.R.S., ETC., EECTOE OF SULLY, PROFESSOR JACOB GRIMM, THE UNIVEESITY OF GOETTINGEN, THIS WOEK IS INSCEIBED, IN TESTIMONY OF THE HIGH RESPECT AND REGARD THE AUTHOR. ; EDITOH^S PREFACE. When the publisher of the present edition, after stating the extent to which Dr. Prichard's Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations was a work which still kept np the interest and importance which it had at the time of its publication, added the request that I would undertake the Editorship of a reprint, the first question I asked was why he had preferred an investigator in general ethnology and philology to a special Keltic scholar, either Welsh or Irish remarking, at the same time, that there were many to be found who were, doubtless, both able and willing to undertake the required editorship ? Even if these were wanting, Sanskrit scholars, familiar with comparative philology, would be fitter editors than myself ; these being, at least, as abundant as the others ; and the Sanskrit language being, in the book itself, of equal prominence and importance with the Keltic. vi editor's preface. His answer was that this had been already con- sidered ; but that the decidedly ethnological cha- racter of the work had convinced him that a minute criticism of its details was less wanted than a broad of its principles, and leading statements view ; and that an investigator, who was neither Kelt nor Sanskiit, but general, was more likely to do justice to the work than a special scholar. I thought then, as I think now, that this view was sound, and undertook the responsibility of editing one of the most important contributions ever made to philological ethnography. A great deal of the Supplementary Chapter (pp. 65—159) was alread}^ written, the criticism of the so-called Keltic migrations having long been a matter upon which I had employed myself ; indeed, the publication of all the notices of ancient writers upon the ancient Kelts, with a body of ethnological notes, after the manner of my edition of the Germania of Tacitus, had, for some years, been contemplated by me. Again, the volume of Prichard is not merely an exposition of the reasons which induced the Author to make the Keltic tongues Indo-European, but a general explanation of the meaning of that term, founded upon a remarkably clear exposition of the ; editor's preface. Vll nature and relations of the languages which consti- tute the group. It is more than this. It is an excellent introduction to ethnology in general; inferior to no work on the same subject except Dr. Prichard's own larger ones. Over these even it has the advantage of brevity and conciseness. But that heavy objections (in the mind, at least, of the editor) lie against the ordinary doctrine suggested by the term Indo-European, may be seen in almost every page of the annotations. They lie, however, less against the work under notice than against current opinion in general. It is possible that this may be correct ; and, if so, my own views are exceptionable. I do not say that they are not so. I only say that, if the current views concerning what is called the Eastern origin of the so-called Indo-Europeans are correct, they are so by accident for they rest upon an amount of assumption flir greater than what the natiu'e of the question either requires or allows. It only remains to be added, that this edition of Dr. Prichard's 'Eastern Origin of the Celtic Nations,' is published with the special sanction of the proprietors of the copyright. ADVERTISEMENT. The treatise now laid before the public forms a Supplement to my Eesearclies into tlie Physical History of Mankind, and was announced in the first edition of that work, which was printed in 1813. Of the motives which induced me so long to withhold it, and of those which have at length determined me to the publication, a sufficient ac- count will be found in the Introduction ; and I have only a few words to premise on the circumstances and designation under which the work now appears. It is termed, a Supplement to Eesearches into the Physical History of Mankind, because it was undertaken with the view of furnishing proofs of a series of facts, of which little more could be intro- duced into that work than general statements, con- taining the results of inquiries which had been sufficient for my own conviction. It forms, how- ever, a distinct treatise, in exclusion of its reference X AD\'^ETISE]MENT. to the history of nations or races of men ; and it may be proper to remark that some of tlie philo- logical researches which it contains have been pur- sued into greater extent than the primary object of the work may seem to have required. If this is in one respect a fault, it may be hoped that contingent advantages in another point of view will be found to atone for it. The examination of cognate lan- guages, while it points out their resemblances, and proves the affinity of the races of men of which they formed the vernacular speech, seldom, fails at the same time to elucidate, in a greater or less degree the structure of the respective idioms them- if selves ; and it will appear, I am not mistaken, that the relation of the Celtic dialects to the other languages brought into comparison with them, fur- nishes the means of throwing some light on the Eiu'cpean idioms in general. I have followed the investigation which thus suggested itself, and have stated the results. If the latter are well established, they will be found both interesting by themselves to the philologist, and will, at the same time, strongly confirm tlie principal inferences obtained in respect to the origin and mutual affinity of the European nations. ADVERTISEMENT. As I have had occasion in several parts of this treatise to allude to the grammatical forms of some languages, with which I am but imperfectly ac- quainted, I have endeavoured to cite correctly the authorities on which I have depended for informa- tion. The names of various grammarians and other writers on philological subjects, with the designa- tions of their works, will be found in the marginal references [foot notes] scattered through the follow- ing pages, and need not be mentioned in this place. But there are four living authors to whom, in a more especial manner, I am indebted, and am anxious to acknowledge my obligation. These are Mr. II. H. Wilson, the learned secretary of the Asiatic Society, author of the Sanskrit dictionary, and Professors Bopp, Eosen, and Grimm, to whose well known works I have made, throughout this essay, frequent references. 3S^ — CONTENTS, INTRODUCTION. PAGE Sect. I. Different opinions respecting the population of the world Autochthones—Hypothesis of the ancients—Modern opinion—Way of investigating the subject—Physical evidence—Comparison of lan- guages—How far this inquiry has tended to elucidate the history of nations—General relations and value of philological inquiries 1 Notes 16 Sect. II. Nations of Europe at the earliest periods of history- Eastern origin of several of them proved by their languages—Indo- European languages—Is the Celtic allied to them ?—Denied by several writers—Motives for the discussion of this question 35 Notes 46 Sect. III. Of the Celtic dialects extant—Modes of orthography—Au- thorities S9 Notes 62 SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER. 2'he Keltic Nations of A^itiq^uity. Sect. I. The term Keltic—Galatse and Galli 65 Sect. II. Did any population other than Keltic bear that name, or one like it 69 XIV CONTEXTS. PAGE Sect. III. Ea^steru origin of the Kelts — How far real — How far necessary to the main question of the present treatise 72 Sect. IV. Cixjsar's notice of the Gauls 7S Sect. V. The Keltic area—Savoy and Switzerland—Helvetia 84 Sect. VI. The Keltic area—The Tyrol—Rhoctia 85 Sect. VII. StjTia and Carinthia 90 Sect. VIII. The Kelts of IlljTia 92 Sect. IX. Kelts of Dalmatia—The country of the lapodes 93 Sect. X. Kelts of the Lower Danube—Bastarnse—Galatsc ib. Sect. XI. Two classes of Galatse 98 Sect. XII. The Galatse of the Olbian Inscription 100 Sect. XIII. Kelts of Wurtemburg — Decumates Agri and Vin- delicia ib. Sect. XIV. Kelts of Bavaria—Vindelicia 101 Sect. XV. Kelts of Bohemia 102 Sect. XVI. The Gothini ib. Sect. XVII. Kelts of Thrace, Macedon, and Greece 103 Sect. XVIII. Kelts of Galatia 104 Sect. XIX. Kelts of Belgium, and the Lower and Middle Rhine 110 Sect. XX. The Ligurians 117 Sect. XXL The Kelts of the Spanish Peninsula 119 Sect. XXIL The Kelts of Italy 121 Sect.XXIIL TheBoii 133 Sect. XXIV, The Teutones and Cimbri 136 I. The Ambrones ib. IL The Tigurini 138 in. The Teutones ib. IV. The Cimbri 142 Sect. XXV. The Picts, eo Mo»w'«e 151 Sect. XXVI. On the Cruithneach 155 Sect. XXVII. The Lingua Britannia; Proprior of the Amber Coast 157 Sect.XXVIII.