Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1975 Developmental Studies in Smilax. Benjamin Franklin Martin Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Martin, Benjamin Franklin Jr, "Developmental Studies in Smilax." (1975). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2882. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2882 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. 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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. MARTIN, Benjamin Franklin, Jr., 1946- DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES IN SMILAX. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Ph.D., 1975 Botany Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan48ioe © BENJAMIN FRANKLIN MARTIN, Jr. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Developmental Studies in Smilax A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the Louisiana State University Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany by Benjamin F. Martin, Jr. B.S., McNeese State University, 1968 M.S., McNeese State University, 1970 December, 1975 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLElXaiENTS The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. Shirley C. Tucker for her guidance, patience, and encouragement throughout the course of this study. He thanks Dr. Wilbur H. Duncan (University of Georgia, Athens) for help in identification of specimens and Dr. Donald R. Kaplan (University of California, Berkeley) for his helpful suggestions. He also acknowledges the Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana for use of the Denton critical point drying apparatus; the Geology Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, for use of the JSM-2 scanning electron microscope; the pathology lab of St. Francis Cabrini Hospital, Alexandria, Louisiana for use of their cryotome; and Michael Postek for assistance with the photography. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................... ü LIST OF FIGURES.......................................... v ABSTRACT....................................................xiv INTRODUCTION.............................................. 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................... 4 RESULTS.................... 6 Morphological Observations............................ 6 Anatomical Observations .............................. 9 A. The Shoot Apex............ » .................. 9 B. Leaf Development.............................. H 1. Initiation and early ontogeny ............. 11 2. Lamina development......................... 13 3. Pro cambial development..................... 15 4. Differentiation of vascular tissue.......... 16 5. Differentiation of epidermis............... 18 C. Tendril Development........................... 20 1. Initiation and early ontogeny ............. 20 2. Later development......................... 21 3. Vasculature of the tendril.................. 22 4. Epidermal features......................... 22 D. Axillary Bud Development....................... 23 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Page E. Latlcifers and Idloblasts........................ 24 1. Latlcifers.................................. 24 2. Idloblasts.................................. 25 F. Shoot Tip Abortion In Smilax pumlla.............. 26 DISCUSSION................................................. 28 LITERATURE CITED............................................45 PLATE LEGENDS..............................................51 VITA....................................................... 99 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Rhizome system of S_. bona-nox. Tu, tuber; R, rhizome; Rt, root. X 0.4............................... 51 2. Vigorous shoot tip of bona-nox. La, lamina; T, tendril; P, petiole; TB, terminal bud. X 2 . 51 3. Dwarf shoot tip of bona-nox. TB, terminal bud; Fk, prickle. X I ................................. 51 4. Mature foliage leaves of bona-nox. X 0 . 4 ........... 51 5. Rhizome system of S^. smallll. Paler distal portions represent new growth. X 0.2................. 53 6. One tuber of smallll and lowermost nodes of aerial shoot. Tu, tuber ; Rt, root; S, scale leaves. X 0.5 . ................................. 53 7. Shoot tip of S. smallll. La, lamina; T, tendril; LB, leaf base; TB, terminal bud. X I ................... 53 8. Mature foliage leaves of S, smallll. X 0.6.......... 53 9. Rhizome system of _S. pumlla. Tu, tuber; R, rhizome. X I ............................................55 10. Rhizome of pumlla bearing scale leaves and roots. S, scale leaf; Rt, root. X I ................. 55 11. Trailing growth habit of S^. pumlla. X 0 . 1 ............. 55 12. Climbing growth habit of pumlla. X 0 . 2 ............. 55 13. Tendrils of pumlla colled around stem. X 0.2 . 55 14. Shoot apex of pumlla In minimal phase with tip of leaf 2 removed to show the apical dome. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph. SA, shoot apex; L, leaf. X 350................................. 57 15. Shoot apex of pumlla with two youngest leaf prlmordla Intact and partially obscuring the shoot apex. SEM photograph. L, leaf. X 300........ 57 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 16. Shoot apex of 2» hona-nox In maximal phase In view from above. Tip of leaf 2 has been removed. SEM photograph. L, leaf. X 235 ......................... 57 17. Shoot apex of bona-nox in maximal phase in lateral view, with tip of leaf 2 removed. SEM photograph. L, leaf, X 230.......................... 57 18. Vigorous shoot tip of bona-nox with 10 tightly arranged leaf prlmordla In longitudinal median section. La, lamina; T, tendril; F, petiole; SA, shoot apex. X 34................................... 59 19. Shoot tip of bona-nox w ith 8 leaf primordla In longitudinal median section. Leaves numbered with leaf 1 being the youngest. X 38.................. 59 20. Shoot tip of pumila in longitudinal median section with 6 leaf primordla In the terminal bud. X 4 0 .................................................... 59 21. Shoot tip of smallll in longitudinal median section with 10 leaf primordla. Note primary thickening merlstem (PTM) below the shoot apex. X 4 1 ................................................ 59 22. Shoot apical merlstem of £. bona-nox showing first (T^) and second (T2 ) tunica layers and the corpus (C). A perlclinal division in the T2 layer Is indicated by the arrow. Longitudinal median section. X 380. ............................. 61 23. Shoot apical merlstem of S^. bona-nox In longitudinal median section with a new leaf forming a protuberance on the right flank